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Advanced Japanese Lesson: 一枚、二枚

日本語で紙や板、皿はなんと数えますか。

そうです、「一枚、二枚…」と数えますね。薄くて平面的なものを数えるときは「枚」を使います。
お金の単位は「円」ですが、硬貨や紙幣として捉えたときには「一枚、二枚」と数えます。
では、ざるそばはどうでしょう。
店で注文するときには「ざるそば、一つ(一人前)」と言えば通じます。しかし、実はこれにも「枚」が使えるのです。
そば自体は「ひとすじ、ふたすじ」や「一本、二本」と数えるのですが、一人前の分量になると「一玉(ひとたま)、二玉(ふたたま)」と数え方が変わります。

さらに、そばを茹でて丼に入れ、調理した状態になると「杯」で数えますよ。コーヒーやジュースと同様に、液体が容器に入っている状態のものは、「一杯、二杯」と数えますから、「かけそば一杯」とか「きつねそば二杯」などと表わします。

しかし、ざるそばは茹でて水を切ったそばがざるに乗っているものなので「杯」は適しません。そこで、そばが乗っている「ざる」に着目して、そのざるを数えるのです。ざるは皿の類ですから、「一枚、二枚」と数えるのですね。

さて、「枚」で数える意外なものに「田」と「畑」があります。勿論、広さを表わす「平方メートル」や「ヘクタール」も使いますが、区切られたその一画は「一枚、二枚」と数えるのです。

また、一尾(いちび)の魚を薄い三つの部分に切り分けることも「三枚におろす」と言いますよ。
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How would you count paper, boards, or plates in Japanese?

Right, you would count it as “ichi-mai, ni-mai or one sheet, two sheets…” With things that are flat and plane, mai is used.
The unit for money is yen, but if you perceive it as coins or bills, it is counted as “ichi-mai, ni-mai”.
Now how about zaru-soba or noodles served on a bamboo drainer?

When you order at a restaurant, if you say, “one (or one serving of) zarusoba”, then they will understand. However you can also use mai here.
Soba itself is counted as “hito-suji, futa-suji or one string, two strings” or “ippon, nihon or one stick, two sticks,” but if it’s for one serving, the counting changes to “hito-tama, futatama or one pile, two piles.”

On top of this, if you boil soba, put it in a bowl, and it is in a prepared state, it is counted as hai or “shallow bowl.” For things that are similar to coffee or juice in that a liquid is in a container, “ip-pai, ni-hai,” but for things like kakesoba ippai or “one serving of buckwheat noodles” and kitsune soba ni-hai or “two servings of kitsune soba.”

However, in the case of zarusoba, since  the soba is boiled and then drained and placed on a bamboo drainer, you cannot use hai.  In that case, you switch your attention to the bamboo drainer the soba is on. Since the bamboo drainer is a sort of dish, you count it as ichi-mai, ni-mai.

Now, surprisingly, you can also count “rice fields” and “cultivating fields” with mai. Of course there’s square meters and hectars to measure area, but to count a divided block you can say “ichi-mai, ni-mai.”

Also if you thinly slice ichi-bi or “one head” (literally meaning “one tail”)   of fish into three pieces, you can say san-mai ni orosu or “to put apart into three pieces.”