
If you are taking a Japanese group lesson online, or planning to study as a foreign student in Japan or to teach your language as a teacher in Japan, it’s good to know Japanese classroom phrases well for effective learning and better communication in the class.
In this guide, we introduce the most useful Japanese classroom phrases and vocabulary from various aspects, including school vocabulary, classroom greetings and calls, explaining absence and tardiness, teacher’s phrases, student phrases, and school subjects. You will learn not only common Japanese classroom phrases and vocabulary but also the unique features of Japanese schools, such as the school system, school routines, and school supplies. Let’s get ready for your class with JapanesePod101.com!

答えがわかったら手を挙げて Kotae ga wakattara te o agete
(“Raise your hand if you know the answer”)

- School Vocabulary
- Classroom Greetings and Calls
- Explaining Absence and Tardiness/Leaving Early
- Teacher’s Phrases
- Student’s Phrases
- Talking About Subjects
- Conclusion
1. School Vocabulary
Before talking about Japanese classroom phrases, here are the lists of school vocabulary for the Japanese school system, school facilities, school personnel, school routines and school supplies.
1. Japanese School System
April is one of the most important months of the year in Japan as the school year or the fiscal year begins. Classes are held from Monday to Friday in compulsory education and at public schools, and some private schools are also open on Saturdays. The Japanese school year usually consists of three terms (学期 gakki), and there are short spring and winter breaks or a long summer break between each school term.
Below is the basic Japanese school system;
Elementary school: 6 years (age 7 to 12) [Compulsory Education]
Junior high school : 3 years (age 13 to 15) [Compulsory Education]
Senior high school : 3 years (age 16 to 18)
[Higher Education]
University: 4 years (6 years for Medicine, Pharmaceutical, Veterinary, and Dentistry School)
Junior college: 2 years (or 3, depending on the school)
Vocational school: 2 years (or 3, depending on the school)
Japanese Words for School Vocabulary
English | Kanji | Hiragana | Reading |
school | 学校 | がっこう | gakkō |
elementary school | 小学校 | しょうがっこう | shōgakkō |
junior high school | 中学校 | ちゅうがっこう | chūgakkō |
senior high school | 高校 /高等学校 | こうこう / こうとうがっこう | kōkō (short version) / kōtō gakkō |
university | 大学 | だいがく | daigaku |
junior college | 短期大学 | たんき だいがく | tanki daigaku |
vocational / technical school | 専門学校 | せんもん がっこう | senmon gakkō |

教室 kyōshitsu (“classroom”)
2. School Facilities
English | Kanji | Hiragana | Reading |
classroom | 教室 | きょうしつ | kyōshitsu |
faculty room | 職員室 | しょくいんしつ | shokuinshitsu |
science laboratory | 理科室 | りかしつ | rikashitsu |
arts / craft room | 美術室 / 図工室 | びじゅつしつ / ずこうしつ | bijutsushitsu / zukōshitsu |
library | 図書室 / 図書館 | としょしつ / としょかん | toshoshitsu / toshokan |
gymnasium | 体育館 | たいいくかん | taiikukan |
infirmary | 保健室 | ほけんしつ | hokenshitsu |
schoolyard | 校庭 | こうてい | kōtei |
athletic ground | 運動場 / 校庭 | うんどうじょう / こうてい | undōjō / kōtei |
school cafeteria | 学生食堂/ 学食 | がくせい しょくどう/ がくしょく | gakusei shokudō/ gakushoku (short version) |

図書室 toshoshitsu (“library”)
3. School Personnel
English | Kanji | Hiragana | Reading |
student | 生徒 | せいと | seito |
teacher | 先生 * | せんせい | sensei |
professor | 教授 | きょうじゅ | kyōju |
faculty | 教員 | きょういん | kyōin |
vice principal | 教頭 / 副校長 | きょうとう / ふくこうちょう | kyōtō / fukukōchō |
school principal | 校長 | こうちょう | kōchō |
librarian | 司書 | ししょ | shisho |
school caretaker | 用務員 | ようむいん | yōmuin |
*Generally, 先生 (sensei) is who teaches something, and 先生 (sensei) is commonly used for school teachers. On the other hand, a synonym word 教師 (kyōshi) is used as an occupation, for example, 私は教師です Watashi wa kyōshi desu. “I’m a teacher.”
4. School Routines
English | Kanji/Katakana | Hiragana | Reading |
going to school | 登校 | とうこう | tōkō |
morning assembly | 朝礼 | ちょうれい | chōrei |
class | 授業 | じゅぎょう | jugyō |
examination | 試験 | しけん | shiken |
food service * | 給食 | きゅうしょく | kyūshoku |
break / recess | 休み時間 | やすみじかん | yasumi jikan |
cleaning ** | 清掃 | せいそう | seisō |
club activity | クラブ活動 | くらぶかつどう | kurabu katsudō |
leaving school | 下校 | げこう | gekō |
*Food Service 給食 kyūshoku is usually provided at elementary school and middle high school for very low monthly fees in Japan. They usually eat kyūshoku in the classroom. In high school, students either bring their own lunch boxes お弁当 o-bentō or use the school cafeteria.
**There is time allocated for cleaning, especially from elementary to high school, and students clean their school by themselves in Japan. Not only in their home classroom but also in corridors, bathrooms, gym, and other places in the school. In this way, Japanese schools teach students to clean, keep tidy, be responsible, use things with care, etc.
5. School Supplies
English | Kanji / Katakana | Hiragana | Reading |
pencil | 鉛筆 | えんぴつ | enpitsu |
mechanical pencil | シャーペン * | しゃーぺん | shāpen |
pen | ペン | ぺん | pen |
eraser | 消しゴム | けしごむ | keshigomu |
pen case | 筆箱 | ふでばこ | fudebako |
pencil sharpener | 鉛筆削り | えんぴつけずり | enpitsu kezuri |
notebook | ノート | のーと | nōto |
textbook | 教科書 | きょうかしょ | kyōkasho |
book | 本 | ほん | hon |
scissors | ハサミ | はさみ | hasami |
glue | ノリ | のり | nori |
ruler | 定規 | じょうぎ | jōgi |
calculator | 計算機 | けいさんき | keisanki |
school indoor shoes | 上履き ** | うわばき | uwabaki |
school backpack (elementary school) | ランドセル *** | らんどせる | randoseru |
* シャーペン shāpen (“mechanical pencil”) is 和製英語 Wasei-eigo (“Japanese-made English”) word that is the shorter version of シャープペンシル “sharp pencil.”
** Wearing 上履き uwabaki (“school indoor shoes”) at school is something particular about Japan. This comes from the Japanese culture and etiquette that people are expected to remove their shoes when entering homes and other particular rooms or buildings.
*** ランドセル randoseru (“school backpack for elementary school kids”) is a unique Japanese school backpack usually made of leather with a firm structure. Traditionally, parents or grandparents give children as a gift upon entering elementary school. They use the same randoseru for 6 years until they graduate from elementary school.
To enhance your Japanese vocabulary and learn more about Japanese basic nouns, please check out Guide to the Top 100+ Japanese Nouns.

ランドセルは日本の小学校のかばんです。
Randoseru wa Nihon no shōgakkō no kaban desu.
(“Randoseru is a bag for elementary school in Japan” )
6. Example Sentences
タメ口 Tameguchi (“peer language”) or casual speech form can be used when talking among students. However, 敬語 keigo (“honorific speech”) or polite language should be used for teachers.
Here are some basic phrases in Japanese classrooms using school vocabulary:
[Japanese] 鉛筆を1本借りてもいい? Enpitsu o ippon karite mo ii? (casual)
[English] “May I borrow a (one) pencil? ”
*Japanese language learning: To learn more about Japanese numbers, see Japanese Numbers: Let’s Master the Basic Japanese Numbers!
[Japanese] 生物の教科書を失くしちゃった。 (casual)
Seibutsu no kyōkasho o nakushichatta.
[English] “I lost my biology textbook.”
[Japanese] 宿題を忘れました。 (polite)
Shukudai o wasuremashita.
[English] “I forgot my homework.”
[Japanese] 消しゴム持ってる? Keshigomu motte ru? (casual)
[English] “Do you have an eraser?”
[Japanese] これ使っていいよ。 Kore tsukatte ii yo. (casual)
[English] “Here, you can use this.”
[Japanese] ありがとう、後で返すね。 Arigatō, ato de kaesu ne. (casual)
[English] “Thanks, I will return it to you later.”
[Japanese] 明日の朝は体育館で全校朝礼があります。 (polite)
Ashita no asa wa taiikukan de zenkō chōrei ga arimasu.
[English] “We will have a whole school assembly at the gymnasium tomorrow morning. ”
[Japanese] 明日の化学の試験は何時だっけ? (casual)
Ashita no kagaku no shiken wa nan-ji dakke?
[English] “What time is the chemistry test tomorrow?”
*Please visit How to Tell Time in Japanese article and Japanese Calendar Dates: Reading Dates in Japanese & More on JapanesePod101 to learn how to tell time and date in Japanese.

消しゴム持ってる? Keshigomu motte ru? (“Do you have an eraser?”)
2. Classroom Greetings and Calls
Some of the most essential Japanese classroom phrases are greetings and calls used at school.
Here is the list of frequently used Japanese words and greetings in classrooms.
[Japanese] 先生 / 教授、おはようございます。 Sensei / kyōju, ohayō gozaimasu. (polite)
[English] “Good morning teacher / professor.”
*Japanese language learning: To learn more Japanese greetings, check out How to Say Hello in Japanese: Practical Japanese Greetings.
[Japanese] おはよう。 Ohayō. (casual)
[English] “Good morning.”
[Japanese] バイバイ。 Bai bai. (casual)
[English] “Bye bye.”
[Japanese] また明日。 Mata ashita. (casual)
[English] “See you tomorrow.”
[Japanese] 先生、さようなら。 Sensei, sayōnara. (polite)
[English] “Good bye, teacher.”
[Japanese] 起立! 気をつけ! 礼! 着席! (imperative)
Kiritsu ! Ki o tsuke ! Rei ! Chakuseki !
[English] “Stand up! Attention (make a good posture)! Bow! Seated down! ”
*This is the traditional call and ritual of bowing in Japan at the start and end of school class to greet the teacher. Usually, one of the students in a class is allocated to the call roll on a weekly or monthly basis.
When there is a whole school or classroom assembly, usually held in the gymnasium or schoolyard, the following phrases are used.
[Japanese] 集合! Shūgō! (imperative)
[English] “Assemble / gather!”
[Japanese] 一列に並べ。 Ichi-retsu ni narabe. (imperative)
[English] “Line up in a row.”
[Japanese] 前へならえ。 Mae e narae. (imperative)
[English] “Stand at arm’s length. (Literally: follow (do) as front)”
[Japanese] 解散! Kaisan ! (imperative)
[English] “Dismissed!”
3. Explaining Absence and Tardiness/Leaving Early
1. Taking Attendance
At Japanese Schools, usually from elementary school to high school, students have a “home class” and a particular teacher (担任 tannin) who’s in charge of its home class. Students usually stay in the home classroom and 担任 (tannin) teaches all the basic subjects in elementary school, and teachers of each subject come to the classroom to give classes in junior highschool and senior highschool.
The teacher in charge of a home-class calls the roll in the morning meeting.
Japanese Vocabulary for Taking Attendance
English | Kanji | Hiragana | Reading |
take attendancecall the roll | 出欠を取る | しゅっけつをとる | shukketsu o toru |
present | 出席 | しゅっせき | shusseki |
absent | 欠席 | けっせき | kesseki |
tardiness / late | 遅刻 | ちこく | chikoku |
leave early | 早退 | そうたい | sōtai |
2. Teacher
Following are some teacher’s basic phrases in Japanese for taking attendance:
[Japanese] 静かに。出欠を取ります。 Shizuka ni. Shukketsu o torimasu.
[English] “Quiet please, I will take attendance now.”
[Japanese] 名前を呼ばれたら返事をすること。 Namae o yobaretara henji o suru koto.
[English] “Respond when your name is called.”
[Japanese] 全員いますか。 Zen’in imasu ka.
[English] “Is everyone here?”
[Japanese] 誰か欠席の人いますか。 Dare ka kesseki no hito imasu ka.
[English] “Anybody absent?”
[Japanese] [name]さんが今日欠席した理由を知っている人はいますか。
[name]-san ga kyō kesseki shita riyū o shitte iru hito wa imasu ka.
[English] “Does anyone know why [name] is absent today?”

はい、います。 Hai, imasu. (“Yes, I’m present”)
3. Student
Following are some student’s basic phrases in Japanese for taking attendance:
[Japanese] はい、います。 Hai, imasu.
[English] “Yes, I’m present.” (response when your name is called)
[Japanese] [name] さんがいません。[name]-san ga imasen.
[English] “[name] is not here.”
[Japanese] すみません、寝坊したので遅刻しました。
Sumimasen, nebō shita node chikoku shimashita.
[English] “I’m sorry, I was late because I overslept.”
[Japanese] 電車が人身事故で止まったので遅刻しました。
Densha ga jinshin jiko de tomatta node chikoku shimashita.
[English] “I was late because the train stopped due to an injury accident.”
[Japanese] [name]さんは昨日から体調が悪くて、今日は欠席です。
[name]-san wa kinō kara taichō ga warukute, kyō wa kesseki desu.
[English] “[name] has been sick since yesterday and is absent today.”
[Japanese] 足を骨折したので、体育の授業は見学します。
Ashi o kossetsu shita node, taiiku no jugyō wa kengaku shimasu.
[English] “I will just observe the PE class because I broke my leg.”
[Japanese] すみません、とても気分が悪いので早退します。
Sumimasen, totemo kibun ga warui node sōtai shimasu.
[English] “Excuse me, I’m leaving early because I feel very sick.”
4. Teacher’s Phrases
In the Japanese culture, names are called together with 敬称 keishō (“Japanese honorific title”), “さん san” is most commonly used.
When a teacher talks to a student : [student family name] + さん san
In some cases, [family name of a male student] + 君 くん kun
The following are frequently used Japanese classroom phrases by teachers in a class.
1. Instructions
[Japanese] みんな、席に着いて。 Minna, seki ni tsuite.
[English] “Everyone, be seated.”
[Japanese] [name] 君、早く座りなさい。 [name]-kun, hayaku suwarinasai.
[English] “[name], sit down now.”
[Japanese] では、始めます。 Dewa, hajimemasu.
[English] “Well, let’s begin.”
[Japanese] 今日はXXXについて勉強します。 Kyō wa XXX ni tsuite benkyō shimasu.
[English] “We are going to learn XXX today.”
[Japanese] 教科書のXXページを開いてください。 Kyōkasho no XX-pēji o hiraite kudasai.
[English] “Please open to page XX of your textbook.”
[Japanese] これはとても重要です。 Kore wa totemo jūyō desu.
[English] “This is very important.”
[Japanese] これはテストに出るので、しっかり理解してください。
Kore wa tesuto ni deru node, shikkari rikai shite kudasai.
[English] “Please understand this well because this will be on the test.”
[Japanese] しっかり聞いてください。 Shikkari kiite kudasai.
[English] “Listen carefully.”
[Japanese] 黒板の図を見てください。 Kokuban no zu o mite kudasai.
[English] “Look at the diagram on the blackboard.”
[Japanese] この質問の答えがわかる人は手をあげてください。
Kono shitsumon no kotae ga wakaru hito wa te o agete kudasai.
[English] “Raise your hand if you know the answer to this question.”
[Japanese] 最初に聞いてから、私の後で繰り返してください。
Saisho ni kiite kara, watashi no ato de kurikaeshite kudasai.
[English] “Listen first and repeat after me.”
[Japanese] 答えをノートに書いて。 Kotae o nōto ni kaite.
[English] “Write the answers in your notebook.”
[Japanese] みんなで一緒に、2段落目から読みましょう。
Minna de issho ni, ni-danraku-me kara yomimashō.
[English] “Let’s read from the second paragraph together.”
[Japanese] [name]さん、XXページを読んでください。
[name]-san, XX-pēji o yonde kudasai.
[English] “[student name], read the page XX please.”
[Japanese] 紙を一枚ずつ取って、後ろの人に渡してください。
Kami o ichi-mai zutsu totte, ushiro no hito ni watashite kudasai.
[English] “Take one sheet of paper and pass (the rest) to the person behind you.”

これはとても重要です。 Kore wa totemo jūyō desu. ( “This is very important.”)
2. Homework
[Japanese] 今日の宿題はXXXです。 Kyō no shukudai wa XXX desu.
[English] “Homework for today is XXX.”
[Japanese] 宿題は教科書XXページの1番から5番です。
Shukudai wa kyōkasho XX-pēji no ichi-ban kara go-ban desu.
[English] “The homework is from the number 1 to 5 on page XX of the textbook.”
[Japanese] 今日学んだことを家で復習してください。
Kyō mananda koto o ie de fukushū shite kudasai.
[English] “Review at home what you’ve learned today.”
[Japanese] 前回出された宿題は、先生の机の上に提出してください。
Zenkai dasareta shukudai wa, sensei no tsukue no ue ni teishutsu shite kudasai.
[English] “Please submit the homework given last time on the teacher’s desk.”
[Japanese] 宿題の提出は成績に反映されます。
Shukudai no teishutsu wa seiseki ni han’ei saremasu.
[English] “Your homework submission will be reflected in your grades.”
3. Questions
[Japanese] 質問はありますか。 Shitsumon wa arimasu ka.
[English] “Any questions?”
[Japanese] 皆さん分かりましたか。 Mina-san wakarimashita ka.
[English] “Did everyone understand this?”
[Japanese] 誰かこの問題を解答できますか。 Dare ka kono mondai o kaitō dekimasu ka.
[English] “Can anyone solve this problem?”
[Japanese] 正しい答えは何ですか。 Tadashii kotae wa nan desu ka.
[English] “What is the correct answer?”
[Japanese] ここまでで何か分からないことはありますか。
Koko made de nani ka wakaranai koto wa arimasu ka.
[English] “Is there anything you don’t understand so far?”

正しい答えは何ですか。 Tadashii kotae wa nan desu ka. ( “What is the correct answer?”)
4. Keeping the Order
[Japanese] 静かにしなさい。Shizuka ni shinasai.
[English] “Be quiet.”
[Japanese] おしゃべりはやめなさい。 Oshaberi wa yamenasai.
[English] “Stop talking!”
[Japanese] 自分の席に戻りなさい。 Jibun no seki ni modorinasai.
[English] “Go back to your seat!”
[Japanese] 授業に集中しなさい。 Jugyō ni shūchū shinasai.
[English] “Focus on the class!”
[Japanese] 質問がある時は手をあげてください。 Shitsumon ga aru toki wa te o agete kudasai.
[English] “Raise your hand if you have a question.”
Japanese language learning : To learn more Japanese angry phrases, please also check out Getting Angry in Japanese: 20+ Useful Japanese Angry Phrases.
5. Student’s Phrases
At schools in Japan, faculty is usually called by his/her title by students.
When students talk to a teacher: 先生 sensei (“Mr./ Mrs.“, Literally: teacher)
When students talk to a professor: 教授 kyōju (Literally: professor)
If you want to be more specific, add a name in front of a title, such as 高橋先生 Takahashi-sensei (Mr./ Mrs.Takahashi, Literally: Takahashi teacher).
Here is the list of most useful Japanese classroom phrases used by students, including when asking questions to a teacher and when talking with other students.
1. Asking Questions
[Japanese] すみません、何ページですか。 Sumimasen, nan-pēji desu ka.
[English] “Excuse me, what page are we on?”
[Japanese] わかりません。Wakarimasen.
[English] “I don’t understand.”
[Japanese] 過去分詞の使い方がわかりません。Kakobunshi no tsukaikata ga wakarimasen.
[English] “I don’t understand how to use a past participle.”
[Japanese] その部分をもう一度言ってください。 Sono bubun o mō ichi-do itte kudasai.
[English] “Please repeat that part again.”
[Japanese] もう一度ゆっくり言ってもらえますか。 Mō ichi-do yukkuri itte moraemasu ka.
[English] “Can you say that again slowly?”
[Japanese] もっとわかりやすく説明してください。Motto wakariyasuku setsumei shite kudasai.
[English] “Please explain it in a more understandable way.”
[Japanese] 質問があります。Shitsumon ga arimasu.
[English] “I have a question.”
[Japanese] 質問してもいいですか。 Shitsumon shite mo ii desu ka.
[English] “Can I ask you a question?”
[Japanese] 先生は今何て言いましたか。 Sensei wa ima nante iimashita ka.
[English] “What did the teacher just say?”
[Japanese] これは何て発音しますか。 Kore wa nante hatsuon shimasu ka.
[English] “How do you pronounce this?”
[Japanese] XXXはどういう意味ですか。 XXX wa dō iu imi desu ka.
[English] “What does XXX mean?”
[Japanese] どうしてこの場合に未来完了形を使うのですか。
Dōshite kono bāi ni mirai kanryōkei o tsukau no desu ka.
[English] “Why do you use the future perfect tense in this case?”
[Japanese] これは合ってますか。 Kore wa atte masu ka.
[English] “Is this correct ?”
[Japanese] これが正解ですか。 Kore ga seikai desu ka.
[English] “Is this the correct answer?”
[Japanese] やっと理解しました。Yatto rikai shimashita.
[English] “I finally understood.”
[Japanese] トイレに行ってもいいですか。 Toire ni itte mo ii desu ka.
[English] “May I go to the bathroom?”
[Japanese] 気分が悪いので、保健室に行ってもいいですか。
Kibun ga warui node, hokenshitsu ni itte mo ii desu ka.
[English] “May I go to the infirmary because I feel sick?”

質問があります。Shitsumon ga arimasu. (“I have a question.”)
2. Talking Among Students
The speech tone is very casual for conversations among students. The following are handy Japanese classroom phrases when you want to chat with your friends in a class.
[Japanese] 今どこ? Ima doko?
[English] “Where are we at?”
[Japanese] 今何ページ? Ima nan-pēji?
[English] “Which page are we on?”
[Japanese] 宿題やった? Shukudai yatta?
[English] “Did you do your homework?”
[Japanese] 宿題やったのに、家に忘れてきちゃった。Shukudai yatta noni, ie ni wasurete kichatta.
[English] “Though I did my homework, I forgot it at home.”
[Japanese] 後でノート見せてもらってもいい? Ato de nōto misete moratte mo ii?
[English] “Can I see your notebook later?”
[Japanese] 今日の授業は全然わからなかった。Kyō no jugyō wa zenzen wakaranakatta.
[English] “I didn’t understand today’s class at all.”
[Japanese] この問題が分からないんだけど、教えて。 Kono mondai ga wakaranai n da kedo, oshiete.
[English] “I don’t understand this problem, can you teach me?”
[Japanese] 宿題は何だっけ? Shukudai wa nan dakke?
[English] “What is the homework?”
[Japanese] 教科書の何ページが試験範囲? Kyōkasho no nan-pēji ga shiken han’i?
[English] “Which pages of the textbook will be covered in the exam?”
[Japanese] 英語のテストはいつだっけ? Eigo no tesuto wa itsu dakke?
[English] “When is the English exam?”
[Japanese] 試験の勉強は全然できてない。 Shiken no benkyō wa zenzen dekite nai.
[English] “I couldn’t study enough for exams at all.”
[Japanese] テスト/試験 どうだった? Tesuto / shiken dō datta?
[English] “How was your test / exams?”
[Japanese] どうしよう、英語のテストが赤点*だった。Dō shiyō, Eigo no tesuto ga akaten* datta.
[English] “What should I do, I got a red mark on the English test.”
*赤点 akaten is a slang word for bad grades, it is literally translated as “red mark”, meaning “failing grades”.
[Japanese] 試験の結果は思ったより良かったよ。Shiken no kekka wa omotta yori yokatta yo.
[English] “The result of the exam was better than I thought.”
[Japanese] 試験期間が終わったら、カラオケに行こう! Shiken kikan ga owattara, karaoke ni ikō!
[English] “When the exam period is over, let’s go to Karaoke!”

テストどうだった? Tesuto dō datta? (“How was your test?”)
6. Talking About Subjects
1. Subject Vocabulary [From Elementary To High School]
School subjects are one of the most essential parts when learning classroom phrases and vocabulary.
The following is the list of subjects (科目 kamoku) that are taught from elementary school to high school in Japan.
English | Kanji | Hiragana | Reading |
arithmetic(elementary school) | 算数 | さんすう | sansū |
mathematics | 数学 | すうがく | sūgaku |
science (elementary and middle highschool) | 理科 | りか | rika |
physics | 物理 | ぶつり | butsuri |
chemistry | 化学 | かがく | kagaku |
biology | 生物 | せいぶつ | seibutsu |
geography | 地理 | ちり | chiri |
Japanese(national language) | 国語 | こくご | kokugo |
modern literature | 現代文 | げんだいぶん | gendaibun |
classical literature | 古文 | こぶん | kobun |
English | 英語 | えいご | Eigo |
social science | 社会 | しゃかい | shakai |
politics and economics | 政治経済 | せいじけいざい | seiji keizai |
Japanese History | 日本史 | にほんし | Nihonshi |
world history | 世界史 | せかいし | sekaishi |
art and craft(elementary school) | 図工 | ずこう | zukō |
art | 美術 | びじゅつ | bijutsu |
physical education | 体育 | たいいく | taiiku |
home economics | 家庭科 | かていか | kateika |
music | 音楽 | おんがく | ongaku |

学科 gakka / 科目 kamoku (“School subjects”)
2. Subject Vocabulary [University]
Below are the common department / course of study (学科 gakka) taught in higher education, such as junior college or university.
English | Kanji / Katakana | Hiragana | Reading |
Psychology | 心理学 | しんりがく | shinrigaku |
Law | 法学 | ほうがく | hōgaku |
Literature | 文学 | ぶんがく | bungaku |
Business Management | 経営学 | けいえいがく | keieigaku |
Statistics | 統計学 | とうけいがく | tōkeigaku |
Accounting | 会計学 | かいけいがく | kaikeigaku |
Information Technology | 情報技術 | じょうほうぎじゅつ | jōhō gijutsu |
International Relations | 国際関係 | こくさいかんけい | kokusai kankei |
Education | 教育学 | きょういくがく | kyōikugaku |
Medicine | 医学 | いがく | igaku |
Pharmaceutics | 薬学 | やくがく | yakugaku |
Nursing | 看護学 | かんごがく | kangogaku |
Architecture | 建築学 | けんちくがく | kenchikugaku |
Agriculture | 農学 | のうがく | nōgaku |
Foreign language | 外国語 | がいこくご | gaikokugo |
French | フランス語 | ふらんすご | Furansu-go |
German | ドイツ語 | どいつご | Doitsu-go |
Spanish | スペイン語 | すぺいんご | Supein-go |
Russian | ロシア語 | ろしあご | Roshia-go |
Chinese | 中国語 | ちゅうごくご | Chūgoku-go |
Korean | 韓国語 | かんこくご | Kankoku-go |
3. Example Sentences
Here are some basic phrases in Japanese using subject vocabulary:
[Japanese] 私の一番好きな科目は [subject] です。
Watashi no ichi-ban suki na kamoku wa [subject] desu.
[English] “My favorite subject is [subject].”
[Japanese] 私は [subject] が得意です。Watashi wa [subject] ga tokui desu.
[English] “I’m good at [subject].”
[Japanese] 私は [subject] が苦手です。Watashi wa [subject] ga nigate desu.
[English] “I’m not good at [subject].”
[Japanese] [subject] は難しいので嫌いです。 [subject] wa muzukashii node kirai desu.
[English] “I don’t like [subject] because it’s difficult.”
[Japanese] 何の科目が一番好きですか。 Nan no kamoku ga ichi-ban suki desu ka.
[English] “What is your favorite subject?”
[Japanese] 何の科目が得意ですか。 Nan no kamoku ga tokui desu ka.
[English] “Which subjects are you good at?”
[Japanese] 大学では [subject] を学びたいです。 Daigaku de wa [subject] o manabitai desu.
[English] “I’d like to learn [subject] at university.”
[Japanese] 専攻学科は何ですか。Senkō gakka wa nan desu ka.
[English] “What is your major?”
[Japanese] 私の専攻学科は [subject] です。 Watashi no senkō gakka wa [subject] desu.
[English] “My major is [subject].”
[Japanese] 第二外国語としてドイツ語のクラスをとっています。
Dai-ni gaikokugo toshite Doitsu-go no kurasu o totte imasu.
[English] “I’m taking German class as a second foreign language.”
Japanese language learning : If you want to learn more about how to introduce yourself in Japanese, please see How to Say “My Name is,” in Japanese + More!
7. Conclusion
In this article, we introduced 100+ most useful Japanese Classroom Phrases and Vocabulary, including:
- School vocabulary and the Japanese school system
- Useful Classroom Greetings and Calls
- Explaining Absence and Tardiness/Leaving Early
- Teacher’s Phrases
- Student’s Phrases
- Talking about Subjects
Whether you are taking a Japanese class or you want to teach at a Japanese local school and/or study with native students, our guide of Japanese Classroom Phrases and Vocabulary will make your school life easier and more adaptable.
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language, you’ll find a lot more helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. This is the best place to learn Japanese online, providing a variety of free lessons designed to help you improve your Japanese-language skills.
If you are interested in more Japanese phrases sorted by situations, the following articles are just right for you:
- Japanese Travel Phrases for an Enjoyable Trip to Japan
- 50+ Restaurants Phrases for Eating Out in Japan
- Essential Business Japanese: Learn the Most Useful Phrases
And there’s so much more! Be a faster learner and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!
Before you go, let us know in the comments if there are any specific topics or situations you’d like to learn Japanese phrases for. We’d be glad to help, and we look forward to hearing from you!

Japanese Animal Names

Like many other countries, Japan is blessed with beautiful nature and all kinds of animals.
When you start learning the Japanese language, picking up the most common Japanese animal names will be an inevitable part of the process! Animals play a central role in our lives, so learning what to call them is important. Doing so will not only allow you to talk about your pets or favorite animals with native speakers, but also help you understand Japanese idioms and stories related to them.
The good news is that learning Japanese animal names is actually very easy! Do you know why? It’s because animal names in Japanese are often short and simple, and we also use plenty of loanwords from other languages (usually English) to label foreign animals.
While the Kanji for many Japanese animal names is difficult, don’t let this worry you. Even ordinary Japanese people don’t know how to write or read them, so the much simpler Hiragana and Katakana are more commonly used.
In this article from JapanesePod101.com, you’ll learn popular animal names in Japanese, from pets and farm animals to sea animals and insects. We’ll also introduce animal sounds in Japanese and animal-related Japanese proverbs.
Ready to boost your vocabulary and cultural knowledge? Let’s go!


- Pets
- Farm Animals
- Wild Animals
- Sea Animals
- Bugs and Insects
- Birds
- Reptiles
- Animal Body Parts
- Animal Sounds
- Animal-Related Proverbs
- Conclusion
1. Pets
The Japanese word for “animal” is 動物 (dōbutsu). Literally, this breaks down to 動 (“moving”) + 物 (“thing”).
Japanese does not distinguish between singular and plural nouns, so the word 動物 (dōbutsu) and all of the animals listed in this article can refer to one animal or many.
To talk about baby animals in Japanese, we add the word for “child” to the beginning of the animal name in question: 子 こ (ko).
- うさぎ (usagi) – “rabbit” → 子うさぎ (kousagi) – “baby bunny”
The most common Japanese counter word for animals is 匹 ひき (hiki), which we place after the number. Or, if we’re counting larger animals, we can use the word 頭 とう (tō), meaning “head.”
For example:
- 私は犬を2匹飼っています。
Watashi wa inu o ni-hiki katte imasu.
“I have two dogs.”
To learn more about numbers in Japanese, please check out our article Japanese Numbers: Let’s Master the Basic Japanese Numbers!
Following is a list of popular pet animals in Japan.
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“dog” | 犬 | いぬ | inu |
“puppy” | 子犬 | こいぬ | koinu |
“cat” | 猫 | ねこ | neko |
“kitten” | 子猫 | こねこ | koneko |
“rabbit” | 兎 | うさぎ | usagi |
“hamster” | ー | ハムスター | hamusutā |
“mouse” / “rat” | 鼠 | ねずみ | nezumi |
“budgerigar” | ー | インコ | inko |
“parrot” | ー | オウム | ōmu |
“goldfish” | 金魚 | きんぎょ | kingyo |
“hedgehog” | ー | ハリネズミ | harinezumi * literally “needle mouse” in Japanese. |
* The Kanji for “rabbit” (兎) and “mouse” (鼠) are difficult and uncommon. We normally use Hiragana or Katakana for these words.

Like many other countries, dogs and cats are popular pets in Japan.
2. Farm Animals
Popular farm animals in Japan include cows, pigs, sheep, chickens, and horses. Ducks and swans are commonly seen in the countryside.
In addition to the counter words 匹 ひき (hiki) and 頭 とう(tō), meaning “head,” there’s also a counter used for birds: 羽 わ (wa), meaning “feather.”
For example:
- この農場には馬が4頭います。
Kono nōjō ni wa uma ga yon-tō imasu.
“There are four horses on this farm.”
- この湖には白鳥が10羽います。
Kono mizūmi ni wa hakuchō ga jū-wa imasu.
“There are ten swans in this lake.”
Here’s a list of animals in Japanese you’re likely to find on a farm or in the countryside:
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“cow” | 牛 | うし | ushi |
“calf” | 子牛 | こうし | koushi |
“pig” | 豚 | ぶた | buta |
“piglet” | 子豚 | こぶた | kobuta |
“horse” | 馬 | うま | uma |
“foal” | 子馬 | こうま | kouma |
“sheep” | 羊 | ひつじ | hitsuji |
“baby sheep” | 子羊 | こひつじ | kohitsuji |
“goat” | 山羊 | やぎ | yagi |
“donkey” | ー | ロバ | roba |
“chicken” | 鶏 | にわとり | niwatori*literally “garden bird” in Japanese. |
“chick” | ー | ひよこ | hiyoko |
“duck” | 鴨 | かも | kamo |
“goose” | ー | ガチョウ | gachō |
“swan” | 白鳥 | はくちょう | hakuchō* literally: “white bird” in Japanese |
You can also hear the pronunciation of these words on our Animal Names vocabulary list.

Sheep farms are famous in Hokkaido.
3. Wild Animals
Now that we’ve looked at a few domesticated creatures, it’s time to learn the names of different wild animals in Japanese. Below, you’ll also find some interesting facts about indigenous animals in Japan and how mythology influenced our naming of the giraffe!
A- In the Forest
Did you know that Japan is actually a country of forests, despite the image foreigners often have of a sushi-eating island country surrounded by the sea? Around 73% of the land in Japan is mountainous, 66% of which is forested.
This means there are a lot of forest animals! Some of you might have seen pictures of Japanese monkeys enjoying natural hot springs (温泉 Onsen) in the snowy weather, for example.
Forest animals often appear in Japanese folktales, idioms, and proverbs. Monkeys are considered clever and are thought to be the closest animal to humans. Raccoon dogs and foxes are often seen as animals that have mysterious powers and the ability to play tricks on humans.
Since many of the following forest animals are indigenous to Japan, they have original names in Japanese (including their own Kanji).
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“deer” | 鹿 | しか | shika |
“bear” | 熊 | くま | kuma |
“monkey” | 猿 | さる | saru |
“wild boar” | 猪 | いのしし | inoshishi |
“raccoon dog” | 狸 | たぬき | tanuki |
“fox” | 狐 | きつね | kitsune |
“squirrel” | 栗鼠 * | りす | risu |
“wolf” | 狼 | おおかみ | ōkami |
* The Kanji for “squirrel” (栗鼠) is difficult and uncommon. We normally use Hiragana or Katakana instead.

Japanese monkeys love Onsen hot springs.
B- Safari Animals (and Others)
There is no Kanji for animals that originate from places that are very far away from Japan, such as safari animals or those from Oceania. They’re typically expressed in Katakana as loanwords or named in Japanese after their characteristics.
Some animals—such as elephants, tigers, and leopards—have Kanji because they’re indigenous to Asian countries (China, India, etc.), and they became known to Japan through trading. Such Kanji were directly imported from the Chinese language, but the names (phonetic readings) are original to Japanese.
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“elephant” | 象 | ゾウ | zō |
“giraffe” | ー | キリン | kirin |
“lion” | ー | ライオン | raion |
“tiger” | 虎 | トラ | tora |
“panda bear” | ー | パンダ | panda |
“zebra” | ー | シマウマ | shimauma*literally “striped horse” in Japanese. |
“hippopotamus” | ー | カバ | kaba |
“rhinoceros” | ー | サイ | sai |
“ostrich” | ー | ダチョウ | dachō*It means “camel bird” in Japanese. |
“baboon” | ー | ヒヒ | hihi |
“hyena” | ー | ハイエナ | haiena |
“cheetah” | ー | チーター | chītā |
“leopard” | 豹 | ヒョウ | hyō |
“koala bear” | ー | コアラ | koara |
“kangaroo” | ー | カンガルー | kangarū |
“camel” | ー | ラクダ | rakuda |

The キリン (kirin), or “giraffe,” was named after the Chinese dragon-like mythical animal called 麒麟 (qílín).
4. Sea Animals
A recent study revealed that there are about 34,000 species of sea animals living in the oceans near Japan, including everything from plankton to mammals. This means that about 13.5% of all confirmed marine life abound in less than 1% of the world’s ocean.
As a country blessed with lots of ocean, Japan has an abundance of words related to fish, called 魚 さかな (sakan), and sea animals. However, most of their Kanji are difficult, so Hiragana and Katakana are more commonly used to express their names.
Again, loanwords are used for sea animals that are not indigenous to Japan, such as ペンギン (pengin), or “penguin.”
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“whale” | 鯨 | くじら | kujira |
“dolphin” | 海豚 | イルカ | iruka |
“shark” | 鮫 | サメ | same |
“seal” | 海豹 | アザラシ | azarashi |
“sealion” | 海馬 | トド | todo |
“penguin” | ー | ペンギン | pengin |
“sea turtle” | 海亀 | うみがめ | umigame *literally “sea turtle” in Japanese |
“jellyfish” | 海月 | くらげ | kurage |
“pufferfish” | 河豚 | ふぐ | fugu |
“octopus” | 蛸 | たこ | tako |
“squid” | 烏賊 | いか | ika |
“crab” | 蟹 | かに | kani |
“shrimp” / “prawn” | 海老 | えび | ebi |
“shell” | 貝 | かい | kai |
“starfish” | 人手 | ヒトデ | hitode * literally “human hand” in Japanese |
You can also hear the pronunciation of these words (and more) in our vocabulary list Marine Animals & Fish.

鮫 サメ (same) – “shark”
5. Bugs and Insects
As with sea animals, there is a lot of vocabulary related to bugs and insects in Japan. Most of their Kanji are very difficult, so Hiragana and Katakana are more commonly used to express their names.
Considering the abundance of mountains and forests in Japan, it’s said that there could be as many as 100,000 insect species in the country. It’s possible that only about 10,000 of these species have been published in books.
Below are the names of some well-known bugs and insects that are commonly seen in Japan.
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“bugs” / “insects” | 虫 | むし | mushi |
“bee” | 蜂 | ハチ | hachi |
“fly” | 蠅 | ハエ | hae |
“mosquito” | 蚊 | カ | ka |
“butterfly” | 蝶 | チョウ | chō |
“moth” | 蛾 | ガ | ga |
“cicada” | 蝉 | セミ | semi |
“dragonfly” | 蜻蛉 | トンボ | tonbo |
“ant” | 蟻 | アリ | ari |
“spider” | 蜘蛛 | クモ | kumo |
“ladybug” | 天道虫 | てんとうむし | tentōmushi |
“beetle” | 甲虫 | かぶとむし | kabutomushi |
“grasshopper” | 飛蝗 | バッタ | batta |
“mantis” | 蟷螂 | カマキリ | kamakiri |

てんとう虫 (tentōmushi) – “ladybug”
6. Birds
Thanks to the wealth of nature in Japan, the country is home to a diverse range of birds. There are 658 species of birds here, 22 of which are foreign.
Despite the rich variety of birds in Japan, the ones we see most often are pigeons, crows, sparrows, and swallows. In Japan, swallows are said to be “summer birds.” This is because seeing them is a sign that summer is coming, as swallows spend winter in the warmer southern areas (such as Taiwan, the Philippines, and Malaysia) before flying back to Japan in spring to raise their chicks.
There are also Japanese superstitions related to birds. For example, it’s believed that sparrows bring good luck and that crows bring bad luck.
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“bird” | 鳥 | とり | tori |
“small (baby) bird” | 小鳥 | ことり | kotori |
“pigeon” | 鳩 | はと | hato |
“crow” | 烏 | からす | karasu |
“sparrow” | 雀 | すずめ | suzume |
“swallow” | 燕 | つばめ | tsubame |
“seagull” | ー | かもめ | kamome |
“eagle” | 鷲 | わし | washi |
“crane” | 鶴 | つる | tsuru |
“owl” | 梟 | ふくろう | fukurō |

The フクロウ (fukurō), or “owl,” is considered an animal of good omen.
7. Reptiles
In Japanese, reptiles are called 爬虫類 はちゅうるい (hachūrui).
There are 142 reptile species in Japan (19 species of newt, 39 species of frog, 10 species of turtle, 32 species of lizard, and 42 species of snake). Some reptiles, such as turtles and snakes, are popular as pets in Japan.
Reptiles are normally expressed in Katakana, even though most of them have Kanji.
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“turtle” | 亀 | カメ | kame |
“crocodile” / “alligator” | 鰐 | ワニ | wani |
“snake” | 蛇 | ヘビ | hebi |
“frog” | 蛙 | カエル | kaeru |
“lizard” | 蜥蜴 | トカゲ | tokage |
“chameleon” | ー | カメレオン | kamereon |

ワニ (wani) – “crocodile” / “alligator”
8. Animal Body Parts
Now that you’ve learned the names of several different animals in Japanese, you should take some time to study the words for animal body parts. Keep in mind that many of the basic body parts listed below are the same for humans and animals. You can learn even more useful words, along with their pronunciation, on our vocabulary list Body Parts in Japanese!
English | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | Reading |
“horn” | 角 | つの | tsuno |
“beak” | 口ばし | くちばし | kuchibashi |
“wing” (birds) | 翼 | つばさ | tsubasa |
“wing” (insects) / “feather” | 羽 | はね | hane |
“tusk” | 牙 | きば | kiba |
“mane” | 立て髪 | たてがみ | tategami |
“fur” | 毛皮 | けがわ | kegawa |
“claw” | 鉤爪 | かぎつめ | kagitsume |
“tail” | 尾 / 尻尾 | お / しっぽ | o / shippo |
“hoof” | 蹄 | ひづめ | hizume |
“fin” | 鰭 | ひれ | hire |
“gill” | 鰓 | えら | era |
“scale” | 鱗 | うろこ | uroko |

角 つの (tsuno) – “horn”
9. Animal Sounds
The Japanese language has a wide range of onomatopoeia, and animal sounds are one of the most common 擬声語 (gisei-go), or “animate phonomimes” we use.
Here are the sounds animals make in Japanese:
Animal | Katakana | Reading |
dog | ワンワン | wanwan |
cat | ニャーニャー | nyānyā |
mouse | チューチュー | chūchū |
pig | ブーブー | būbū |
sheep | メーメー | mēmē |
cow | モーモー | mōmō |
horse | ヒヒーン | hihīn |
small bird | チュンチュン | chunchun |
crow | カーカー | kākā |
chicken | コケコッコー | kokekokkō |
pigeon | ポッポー | poppō |
owl | ホーホー | hōhō |
lion | ガオー | gaō |
elephant | パオーン | paōn |
cicada | ミーンミーン | mīnmīn |

Lions say ガオー (Gaō) in Japanese.
10. Animal-Related Proverbs
There are many Japanese proverbs and sayings that mention animals. Here are some of the most common ones:
- 猿も木から落ちる。
Saru mo ki kara ochiru.
“Even monkeys fall off trees.”
Meaning: Even Homer sometimes nods. / Even someone who is the best at what they do can make mistakes.
Example:
気にすることないよ。猿も木から落ちると言うし、誰でも失敗することがあるよ。
Ki ni suru koto nai yo. Saru mo ki kara ochiru to iu shi, dare de mo shippai suru koto ga aru yo.
“Don’t worry. It says ‘Even monkeys fall off trees,’ and anyone can make mistakes.”
- 飼い犬に手を噛まれる
Kaiinu ni te o kamareru
“To have one’s hand bitten by one’s own dog”
Meaning: To be betrayed by one’s trusted follower
Example:
ずっと面倒をみていた部下に裏切られて、飼い犬に手を噛まれた気分だ!
Zutto mendō o mite ita buka ni uragirarete, kaiinu ni te o kamareta kibun da!
“I feel like I got my hand bitten by my dog, as my subordinate, whom I have been taking care of, betrayed me!”
- 猫の手も借りたい
Neko no te mo karitai
“Wanting even the help of a cat”
Meaning: Being extremely busy, so that you need every little bit of help you can get
Example:
昨日は猫の手も借りたいほど、とても忙しかったです。
Kinō wa neko no te mo karitai hodo, totemo isogashikatta desu.
“Yesterday was so busy that I even wanted to get help from a cat.”
- 捕らぬ狸の皮算用
Toranu tanuki no kawazanyō
“Counting fur of raccoon dogs which you haven’t caught yet”
Meaning: Don’t count your chickens before they hatch. / Do not count on something that has not yet happened. / Do not expect all your hopes to come true.
Example:
昇給とボーナスを期待して家を買うのは、捕らぬ狸の皮算用だよ。
Shōkyū to bōnasu o kitai shite ie o kau no wa, toranu tanuki no kawazanyō da yo.
“Buying a house because you expect a pay-raise and a bonus is like counting the fur of raccoon dogs which you haven’t caught yet.”
To learn more Japanese proverbs, please visit our blog post Japanese Proverbs – Gain Japanese Wisdom and Insight.

捕らぬ狸の皮算用
Toranu tanuki no kawazanyō
“counting fur of raccoon dogs which you haven’t caught yet” = “Don’t count your chickens before they hatch.”
11. Conclusion
In this article, we introduced Japanese animal words for a number of categories:
- Pets
- Farm animals
- Wild animals
- Sea animals
- Birds
- Insects
- Reptiles
In addition, we covered the most important animal body parts, Japanese animal sounds, and proverbs related to animals. If you happen to know of any other animal words, sounds, or idioms we didn’t include, please share them in the comments!
Do you want to continue learning about the Japanese language and culture? Then create your free lifetime account on JapanesePod101.com today! We provide a variety of free lessons designed to help improve your Japanese language skills. Also, with our Premium PLUS service, MyTeacher, you’ll have personal 1-on-1 coaching with your own private teacher.
If you want to increase your Japanese vocabulary even further, you’ll find the following articles quite useful:
- Guide to the Top 100+ Japanese Nouns
- Learn the Top 100 Essential Japanese Adjectives
- The 100+ Most Common Japanese Verbs
And there’s so much more! Learn Japanese faster (and enjoy every second of it) at JapanesePod101.com!
Before you go, let us know in the comments if there are any topics or situations you’d like to learn Japanese words for! We’d be glad to help, and we look forward to hearing from you.

The 10 Most Useful Japanese Questions and Answers

Have you ever tried to use a newly learned Japanese phrase, only to panic when you couldn’t understand your interlocutor’s reply?
Whether you’re making new Japanese friends or traveling in Japan, knowing how to give questions and answers in Japanese will allow for smoother communication. Learning how to ask Japanese questions will also help you better understand Japanese, and improve your speaking and listening skills. The keys to mastering these skills early on are to speak a lot and practice!
In this article, we’ll introduce the ten most useful Japanese question & answer patterns. Even if you’re just getting started, you can start having basic conversations with these phrases! Learn how to speak Japanese here at JapanesePod101.com!
First things first, though: How do you form questions in Japanese?
Japanese questions are easy to recognize because the question particle か (ka) always appears at the end (formal / polite form), and questions are asked with a rising tone.

- What’s your name?
- Where are you from?
- Do you speak Japanese?
- How long have you been studying Japanese?
- Have you been to [location]?
- How is ___?
- Do you like [country’s] food?
- What are you doing?
- What’s wrong?
- How much is this?
- How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
1. What’s your name?

Question:
- Japanese: (あなたの)名前は何ですか。
- Reading: (Anata no) namae wa nan desu ka.
- English: “What is (your) name?”
This is one of the most common phrases that’s used when meeting someone new. The Japanese possessive case あなたの (anata no), meaning “your,” can be omitted when the context makes it clear whose name you’re talking about. Especially in casual conversations, the subject and possessive case (noun + possessive particle の) are often omitted; this sounds more natural.
Answer:
(1) Polite
- Japanese: 私の名前は___です。
- Reading: Watashi no namae wa ___ desu.
- English: “My name is ___.”
This is the most common way to give someone your name.
(2) Casually Polite
- Japanese: (私は)___です。
- Reading: (Watashi wa) ___ desu.
- English: “(I) am ___.”
This is another common phrase for giving someone your name. In a casual conversation, you can omit the subject 私は (Watashi wa), meaning “I.”
(3) Very Polite
- Japanese: ___と申します。
- Reading: ___ to mōshimasu.
- English: “I am ___.” (honorific language – humble expression)
Japanese uses honorific language, called 敬語 (Keigo), which has various expressions that connote different levels of politeness and respect.
This phrase is a humble expression that’s used in official occasions where you should speak very politely, or when you’re talking to someone who is very honorable.
Example:
Q: 名前は何ですか。
Namae wa nan desu ka.
“What is your name?”
A: 私の名前はかおりです。
Watashi no namae wa Kaori desu.
“My name is Kaori.”

Q: あなたの名前は何ですか。(What is your name?)
A: はじめまして、私はゆりです。(Nice to meet you. I’m Yuri.)
2. Where are you from?
Question:
- Japanese: (あなたの)出身はどこですか。
- Reading: (Anata no) shusshin wa doko desu ka.
- English: “Where are you from?”
This is one of the most popular Japanese questions that foreigners may be asked. あなたの出身はどこですか。literally translates as “Where is your hometown?”
The possessive case あなたの (anata no), meaning “your,” can be omitted in casual situations. In order to ask more politely, use the word どちら (dochira) instead of どこ (doko).
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: (私は)___出身です。
- Reading: (Watashi wa) ___ shusshin desu.
- English: “(I) am from (my origin is) ___.”
This is a typical way to answer the question.
The word 出身 (shusshin) refers to a person’s origin, such as his or her hometown, city, or country. If you’re a foreigner in Japan, you can put your country name in the blank.
The subject 私は (Watashi wa), or “I,” can be omitted in casual situations.
(2)
- Japanese: (私は)___から来ました。
- Reading: (Watashi wa) ___ kara kimashita.
- English: “(I) come from ___.”
This is another common way to answer, and once again, the subject can be omitted in casual situations.
Example:
Q: あなたの出身はどこですか。
Anata no shusshin wa doko desu ka.
“Where are you from?”
A: 私は東京出身です。
Watashi wa Tōkyō shusshin desu.
“I’m from Tokyo.”

3. Do you speak Japanese?
These basic questions and answers in Japanese will be extremely helpful for you while in Japan.
Question:
(1)
- Japanese: (あなたは) ___を話しますか。
- Reading: (Anata wa) ___ o hanashimasu ka.
- English: “Do you speak ___?”
The subject あなたは (Anata wa), meaning “you,” can be omitted in casual situations.
(2)
- Japanese: (あなたは) ___を話せますか。
- Reading: (Anata wa) o hanasemasu ka.
- English: “Can you speak ___?”
This question sounds similar to the one above, but it indicates “speaking ability” by changing 話します (hanashimasu) into 話せます (hanasemasu).
The subject can be omitted in casual situations.
Language Vocabulary
In Japanese, the name of a language is expressed with the word 語 (-go), meaning “language,” attached after the name of a language or country.
English | Japanese | Reading |
English | 英語 | Eigo |
Japanese | 日本語 | Nihon-go |
French | フランス語 | Furansu-go |
Italian | イタリア語 | Itaria-go |
German | ドイツ語 | Doitsu-go |
Spanish | スペイン語 | Supein-go |
Russian | ロシア語 | Roshia-go |
Chinese | 中国語 | Chūgoku-go |
Korean | 韓国語 | Kankoku-go |
Thai | タイ語 | Tai-go |
Vietnamese | ベトナム語 | Betonamu-go |
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: 私は___を話します。
- Reading: Watashi wa ___ o hanashimasu.
- English: “I speak ___.”
(2)
- Japanese: 私は___を話せます。
- Reading: Watashi wa ___ o hanasemasu.
- English: “I can speak ___.”
(3)
- Japanese: 私は___を話せません。
- Reading: Watashi wa ___ o hanasemasen.
- English: “I can’t speak ___.”
This is a negative form you can use to say that you can’t speak the language.
Example:
Q: あなたは日本語を話しますか。
Anata wa Nihon-go o hanashimasu ka.
“Do you speak Japanese?”
A: はい、私は少し日本語を話します。
Hai, watashi wa sukoshi Nihon-go o hanashimasu.
“Yes, I speak Japanese a little.”

Q: 日本語を話せますか。(Can you speak Japanese?)
A: 私は日本語を話せます。(I can speak Japanese.)
4. How long have you been studying Japanese?
Question:
- Japanese: どのくらい___を勉強していますか。
- Reading: Dono kurai ___ o benkyō shite imasu ka.
- English: “How long have you been studying ___?”
どのくらい (Dono kurai) literally translates as “to what extent,” but in this case, it refers to “how long.”
If you come from abroad and speak a bit of Japanese while in Japan, Japanese people will be very curious and ask you this question.
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: ___か月です。
- Reading: ___-kagetsu desu.
- English: “For ___ month(s).”
If you’ve been learning Japanese for a few months, you can use this phrase to answer. Put the number of months in the blank.
___-kagetsu desu literally means “It’s ___ month(s).”
There’s no difference in expression for singular and plural in Japanese. So whether you’ve been learning for one month or several, the phrase remains the same.
(2)
- Japanese: ___年です。
- Reading: ___-nen desu.
- English: “For ___ year(s).”
Use this phrase if you’ve been studying for one or more years.
___-nen desu literally means “It’s ___ year(s).”
Example:
Q: どのくらい日本語を勉強していますか。
Dono kurai Nihon-go o benkyō shite imasu ka.
“How long have you been studying Japanese?”
A: 1年5か月です。
Ichi-nen go-kagetsu desu.
“For a year and five months.”
5. Have you been to [location]?
Question:
- Japanese: ___に行ったことがありますか。
- Reading: ___ ni itta koto ga arimasu ka.
- English: “Have you been to ___?”
-ことがあります (-koto ga arimasu) is an expression meaning “to have done (something),” and it’s used after the past tense form of a verb. In this case, that would be 行った (itta), meaning “went.” It’s translated as “Have you been to ___?”
You can put the name of any place in the blank.
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: はい、行ったことがあります。
- Reading: Hai, itta koto ga arimasu.
- English: “Yes, I have been.”
(2)
- Japanese: いいえ、行ったことがありません。
- Reading: Iie, itta koto ga arimasen.
- English: “No, I have never been.”
This is a negative sentence for answering “no.”
Example:
Q: 皇居に行ったことがありますか。
Kōkyo ni itta koto ga arimasu ka.
“Have you been to the Imperial Palace?”
A: いいえ、行ったことがありません。
Iie, itta koto ga arimasen.
“No, I have never been.”

Q: 皇居に行ったことがありますか。 (Have you been to the Imperial Palace?)
A: はい、行ったことがあります。 (Yes, I have been.)
6. How is ___?
Question:
- Japanese: ___ はどうですか。
- Reading: ___ wa dō desu ka.
- English: “How is ___?”
This is a common phrase to ask about the condition, situation, or status of something.
What Can You Ask About?
- ➢ 調子はどうですか。 (Chōshi wa dō desu ka.) – “How is the condition?”
調子 means “condition,” and in this case, it means “How are you doing?” or “How is it going?”
- ➢ 勉強はどうですか。 (Benkyō wa dō desu ka.) – “How is studying?”
- ➢ 仕事の進み具合はどうですか。(Shigoto no susumiguai wa dō desu ka.) – “How is the progress of work?”
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: 良いです。
- Reading: Ii desu.
- English: “It’s good.”
うまく行っています (umaku itte imasu), meaning “It’s going good,” is another common expression you can use to say that something’s going well.
(2)
- Japanese: まあまあです。
- Reading: Mā-mā desu.
- English: “So-so.”
This phrase is very common, and it’s used to say that something is relatively good.
(3)
- Japanese: あまり良くないです。
- Reading: Amari yokunai desu.
- English: “It’s not so good.”
You can use this phrase when things aren’t going very well. Japanese people tend to avoid straightforward words like “bad,” even if something is bad; they prefer to use euphemistic expressions.
Example:
Q: 体調はどうですか。
Taichō wa dō desu ka.
“How is your body condition?” / “How are you feeling?”
A: まあまあです。
Mā-mā desu.
“So-so.”

Q: 勉強はどうですか。 (How is studying?)
A: うまく行っています。(It’s going good.)
7. Do you like [country’s] food?
Question:
- Japanese: ___ 料理は好きですか。
- Reading: ___ ryōri wa suki desu ka.
- English: “Do you like ___ food?”
To express a country’s food, put the name of the country in the blank and add 料理 (ryōri) after it. 料理 (ryōri) means “cuisine” or “cooking.”
Cuisine Vocabulary:
English | Japanese | Reading |
Japanese food | 日本料理 | Nihon ryōri |
Chinese food | 中華料理 | Chūka ryōri |
Korean food | 韓国料理 | Kankoku ryōri |
French food | フランス料理 | Furansu ryōri |
Italian food | イタリア料理 | Itaria ryōri |
Spanish food | スペイン料理 | Supein ryōri |
Indian food | インド料理 | Indo ryōri |
Thai food | タイ料理 | Tai ryōri |
Answer:
(1)
- Japanese: はい、好きです。
- Reading: Hai, suki desu.
- English: “Yes, I like it.”
(2)
- Japanese: まあまあ好きです。
- Reading: Mā-mā suki desu.
- English: “I somewhat like it.”
This phrase is a very common way to say that you relatively like something.
(3)
- Japanese: いいえ、好きではありません。
- Reading: Iie, suki de wa arimasen.
- English: “No, I don’t like it.”
This is a simple phrase to answer that you don’t like something. However, some Japanese people tend to use more euphemistic expressions to avoid saying “no.”
In such cases, you can also say ___料理は苦手です (___ ryōri wa nigate desu), which means “I’m not good with ___.”
Example:
Q: フランス料理は好きですか。
Furansu ryōri wa suki desu ka.
“Do you like French food?”
A: はい、好きです。
Hai, suki desu.
“Yes, I like it.”
8. What are you doing?
Question:
- Japanese: 何をしていますか。
- Reading: Nani o shite imasu ka.
- English: “What (are you) doing?”
There’s also a shorter version you can say: 何してますか。(Nani shite masu ka.) It’s still polite, but it sounds more casual.
This Japanese expression doesn’t have a particular subject. Therefore, if you add a subject, such as 彼女は (kanojo wa) meaning “she” or 彼は (kare wa) meaning “he,” to the beginning of the sentence, it becomes “What is she / he doing?”
Answer:
Answers can vary, but here are some general answers to the question.
(1)
- Japanese: ___ をしています。
- Reading: ___ o shite imasu.
- English: “(I’m) doing ___.”
To answer the question, put a suitable noun in the blank. Some Japanese nouns belong to a group that allows the noun to turn into a verb when attached with the verb する (suru), meaning “do.“ For example:
演技する (engi suru) = 演技 (engi), meaning “acting” + する (suru), meaning “do” —–> “to act”
This phrase works well with this kind of noun.
This Japanese expression doesn’t have a particular subject, so if you add a subject, such as 彼女は (kanojo wa) meaning “she” or 彼は (kare wa) meaning “he,” to the beginning of the sentence, it becomes: “She / he is doing ___.”
How to Use:
- ➢ 仕事をしています。(Shigoto o shite imasu.) – “I’m doing work.” = “I’m working.”
➢ 勉強をしています。(Benkyō o shite imasu.) – “I’m doing study.” = “I’m studying.”
➢ 食事をしています。(Shokuji o shite imasu.) – “I’m doing meal.” = “I’m having a meal.”
(2)
- Japanese: ___ています。
- Reading: ___-te imasu.
- English: “(I’m) ___ing.”
This is another common phrase for telling someone what you’re doing. You can put any Japanese verb in the blank. The verb must be conjugated in a form that -ている(-te iru) can follow.
How to Use:
- ➢ 見ています。(Mite imasu.) – “I’m watching/looking.”
➢ 歩いています。(Aruite imasu.) – “I’m walking.”
➢ 食べています。(Tabete imasu.) – “I’m eating.”
Example:
Q: 何をしていますか。
Nani o shite imasu ka.
“What are you doing?”
A: 映画を見ています。
Eiga o mite imasu.
“I’m watching a movie.”

Q:何をしていますか。 (What are you doing?)
A: 本を読んでいます。 (I’m reading a book.)
9. What’s wrong?
Question:
- Japanese: どうしましたか。
- Reading: Dō shimashita ka.
- English: “What’s wrong?” / “What’s the matter?”
A similar phrase is どうかしましたか。(Dō ka shimashita ka.) which means the same thing.
Answer:
Answers can vary, but here are some examples.
(1)
- Japanese: 何でもないです。
- Reading: Nan demo nai desu.
- English: “It’s nothing.” / “There’s nothing wrong.”
何でもない (Nan demo nai) means “nothing.”
(2)
- Japanese: 疲れています。
- Reading: Tsukarete imasu.
- English: “I’m tired.”
(3)
- Japanese: 気分が悪いです。
- Reading: Kibun ga warui desu.
- English: “I don’t feel good.”
This literally translates as “feeling is bad,” but in this case, it means “I don’t feel good/well.”
Example:
Q: どうしましたか。 顔色が悪いですよ。
Dō shimashita ka. Kaoiro ga warui desu yo.
“What’s wrong? You look pale.”
A: 少し疲れています。
Sukoshi tsukarete imasu.
“I’m a bit tired.”
10. How much is this?
Question:
- Japanese: これはいくらですか。
- Reading: Kore wa ikura desu ka.
- English: “How much is this?”
This is a must-know phrase if you plan on shopping during your trip to Japan.
Answer:
- Japanese: これは___円です。
- Reading: Kore wa ___-en desu.
- English: “It’s ¥___.”
The Japanese currency is 円, which is actually pronounced as えん (en). The currency symbol is ¥.
Example:
Q: この本はいくらですか。
Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.
Kono hon wa ikura desu ka.
A: この本は1000円です。
Kono hon wa sen-en desu.
“This book is ¥1000.”
For more useful shopping phrases with audio, please check out this lesson on 15 Shopping Phrases: Exchanges, Refunds, and Complaints!
11. How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
In this article, we introduced the ten most useful Japanese question & answer patterns. After learning these, you’ll have strong survival Japanese communication skills!
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language, you’ll find even more helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. We provide a variety of free lessons that will help you improve your Japanese language skills.
Here are some more lessons with audio about the basics of Japanese:
For beginners, our lesson on the Top 25 Must-Know Phrases is a must-read!
And there’s so much more! Learn faster and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!
Before you go, let us know in the comments if there are any Japanese questions and answers you still want to know! We’d be glad to help, and look forward to hearing from you!

The 10 Most Useful Japanese Sentence Patterns

Learning a new language is fun, but it requires a lot of effort—studying the complicated grammar rules and memorizing thousands of words. But we have a tip for you! The fastest and easiest way to learn Japanese is to just focus on the most useful and common Japanese sentence patterns and start speaking them!
The most frequently used Japanese sentence patterns are useful for survival communication and day-to-day interactions. When you know the essential sentence patterns in Japanese, you can arrange and create more sentences to express yourself and have conversations.
In this article, we’ll introduce the ten most useful Japanese sentence patterns, which cover the most basic statements and questions. Boost your Japanese conversation skills here at JapanesePod101.com!

- A is B – AはBです
- Asking Simple Questions: Is A B? AはBですか。
- I Want (to)… …が欲しいです/…たいです
- I Need (to)… …が必要です/…(する)必要があります
- I like … …が好きです
- Please (do) … ….(して)ください
- May I / Can I (Do) …? ….(しても)いいですか。/a>
- What is …? ….は何ですか?
- When is …? ….はいつですか?
- Where is …? ….はどこですか?
- Conclusion: How JapanesePod101.com Can Help You Learn More Japanese

With the top 10 Japanese sentence patterns, you can easily have simple conversations!
1. A is B – AはBです
“A is B“ = A (wa) B (desu) or A は B です
This is the simplest Japanese sentence construction for describing something. A is usually a noun and B can be a noun or an adjective.
です (desu) is the basic predicate that represents politeness; it’s placed at the end of a Japanese sentence.
The Japanese sentence structure is SOV (Subject + Object + Verb), while English has an SVO structure (Subject + Verb + Object).
Examples:
- 私は学生です。(Watashi wa gakusei desu.) — “I am a student.”
- 彼は私の友達です。(Kare wa watashi no tomodachi desu.) — “He is my friend.”
- このご飯は美味しいです。(Kono gohan wa oishii desu.) — “This meal is delicious.”
- あのレストランは海鮮料理で有名です。(Ano resutoran wa kaisen ryōri de yūmei desu.) — “That restaurant is famous for seafood.”
- 今年の夏は去年より暑いです。 (Kotoshi no natsu wa kyonen yori atsui desu.) — “This summer is hotter than the one last year.”
For more about Japanese nouns and adjectives, please check out our pages on the 50 Most Common Nouns and 50 Most Common Adjectives.

2. Asking Simple Questions: Is A B? AはBですか。
“Is A B ?“ = A (wa) B (desu ka) or A は B ですか。
Here’s the most common question sentence pattern in Japanese.
To make a Japanese interrogative sentence, simply add the question marker か (ka) to the end of an affirmative sentence and pronounce it with a rising intonation.
Examples:
- あなたは学生ですか。(Anata wa gakusei desu ka.) — “Are you a student?”
- 彼らはあなたの友達ですか。(Kare-ra wa anata no tomodachi desu ka.) — “Are they your friends?”
- その本は難しいですか。(Sono hon wa muzukashii desu ka.) — “Is that book difficult?”
- 今日の天気は雨のち曇りですか。(Kyō no tenki wa ame nochi kumori desu ka.) — “Is the weather today cloudy after rain?”
- 駅の隣のビルは銀行ですか。(Eki no tonari no biru wa ginkō desu ka.) — “Is the building next to the station a bank?”

Ashita wa hare desu ka. = “Is tomorrow sunny?”
3. I Want (to)… …が欲しいです/…たいです
“I want …“ = [noun] …が欲しい です (ga hoshii desu)
“I want to …“ = [verb] …たい です (-tai desu)
These are the simplest Japanese sentence patterns for expressing “want.”
These Japanese phrases differ depending on whether you want something [noun] or want to do something [verb], as indicated above.
Keep in mind that the subject can be omitted from a Japanese sentence when it’s clear from the context who the subject is.
Japanese verb conjugation is NOT affected by the person (I, you, he, she, we, they), number (singular/plural), or gender (female/male) of the subject.
Examples using a noun:
- (私は)水が欲しいです。([Watashi wa] mizu ga hoshii desu.) — “I want water.”
- (私は)新しい車が欲しいです。([Watashi wa] atarashii kuruma ga hoshii desu.) — “I want a new car.”
- 誕生日にダイヤの指輪が欲しいです。(Tanjōbi ni daiya no yubiwa ga hoshii desu.) — “I want a diamond ring for (my) birthday.”
Examples using a verb:
- (私は)今日は和食が食べたいです。([Watashi wa] kyō wa washoku ga tabetai desu.) — “I want to eat Japanese food today.”
- 来年は沖縄に行きたいです。(Rainen wa Okinawa ni ikitai desu.) — “I want to go to Okinawa next year.”
- 太ったので運動をしたいです。(Futotta node undō o shitai desu.) — “I want to do exercises because I got fat.”
For more information about Japanese verbs, please check out our Japanese Verbs and 50 Most Common Verbs pages.
4. I Need (to)… …が必要です/…(する)必要があります
“I need …“ = [noun] …が必要です (ga hitsuyō desu)
“I need to …“ = [verb] …(する)必要があります (hitsuyō ga arimasu)
These are the simplest Japanese sentence patterns for expressing “need.”
As you can see above, the Japanese sentence structure changes depending on whether you need something [noun] or need to do something [verb].
Examples using a noun:
- (私は)あなたが必要です。([Watashi wa] anata ga hitsuyō desu.) — “I need you.”
- その車は電気の充電が必要です。(Sono kuruma wa denki no jūden ga hitsuyō desu.) — “That car needs to charge with electricity.”
- この店での支払いはクレジットカードが必要です。(Kono mise de no shiharai wa kurejitto kādo ga hitsuyō desu.) — “You need a credit card to pay at this store.”
Examples using a verb:
- 週末に働く必要があります。(Shūmatsu ni hataraku hitsuyō ga arimasu.) — “I need to work on the weekend.”
- あなたは病院に行く必要があります。(Anata wa byōin ni iku hitsuyō ga arimasu.) — “You need to go to a hospital.”
- 学生は卒業試験に合格する必要があります。(Gakusei wa sotsugyō shiken ni gōkaku suru hitsuyō ga arimasu.) — “The students need to pass the graduation exam.”
Mood / Usage | Conjugation | Kanji |
Negative Form | tabenai | 食べない |
Attributive Form | taberu(toki) | 食べる(とき) |
Conditional Form | tabereba | 食べれば |
Imperative Form | tabero | 食べろ |
Volitional Form ( “Let’s-“) | tabeyō | 食べよう |
- Tense
Japanese verb conjugation by tense is actually very simple when compared to English and romance languages such as French, Spanish, and Italian.
There are just two main tenses for the Japanese verb forms: present and past tense. The form of the present tense is used for future and habitual action, and therefore there is no particular future tense.
The past tense always ends with た。 (–ta).
- Japanese verb conjugation (Present Tense):
私は今出かける。
Watashi wa ima dekakeru.
“I go out now.”
私は来週出かける。
Watashi wa raishū dekakeru.
Literal translation: “I go out next week,” or “I will go out next week.”
- Japanese verb conjugation (Past Tense):
私は出かけた。
Watashi wa dekaketa.
“I went out.”
- Level of Politeness
In Japanese conjugation, politeness level is another factor to consider. Verbs in the dictionary form are casual and informal, while verbs in the formal form end with ます (-masu), as do verbs in the ordinary polite form 丁寧語 (Teineigo).
In addition to verb conjugation, the Japanese language (especially verbs) has three types of 敬語 (keigo), or “honorific language,” which affect the Japanese conjugation forms. They also show different levels of respect:
丁寧語 (teineigo) — polite
尊敬語 (sonkeigo) — respectful
謙譲語 (kenjōgo) — humble / modest
They’re used to express social distance and intimacy, as well as disparity or similarity in rank. For more details on Japanese 敬語 (keigo), please visit Japanese Honorifics.
It’s necessary for adults to be able to use 敬語 (keigo) properly in formal situations in Japan. However, you can use at least the formal/polite form without being rude.
Here’s a Japanese conjugation table for 言う (iu), or “to say,” by politeness level.
Form | Reading | Kanji |
Dictionary / Informal | i-u | 言-う |
Formal / Teineigo / Polite | ii-masu | 言い-ます |
Sonkeigo / Respectful | ossharu | おっしゃる |
Kenjōgo / Humble | mōsu | 申す |

Appropriate use of 敬語 (keigo) is a must in the Japanese business world.
2. Japanese Verb Conjugation Groups
Japanese verbs always end with u or ru, and verbs are categorized into three groups:
Class 1: U-verb
Class 2 : Ru-verb
Class 3: Irregular verb
Japanese verbs consist of two parts: a verb base (“stem”) and a suffix.
A stem doesn’t change and a suffix conjugates according to the voice, mood, tense, and forms (casual vs. polite, and plain vs. negative).
1 – Class 1: U-verbs

U-verbs always end with –u. However, please note that this refers to the last vowel being u when it’s written in reading form. Therefore, U-verbs can end with Hiragana う(u), く (ku), す(su), つ(tsu), ぬ (nu), む (mu), and sometimes る (ru).
Examples of U-verbs
English | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
“listen” / “hear” | kiku | 聞く | きく |
“wait” | matsu | 待つ | まつ |
“write” | kaku | 書く | かく |
“go” | iku | 行く | いく |
2 – Class 2: Ru-Verbs
Ru-verbs always end with –ru which is Hiragana る. Some verbs that end with る (ru) are categorized as U-verbs, such as 取る (toru), meaning “take,” but they’re just a few exceptions that you’ll easily start to recognize.
Examples of Ru-verbs
English | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
“eat” | taberu | 食べる | 食べる |
“wake up” / “get up” | okiru | 起きる | おきる |
“sleep” | neru | 寝る | ねる |
“teach” | oshieru | 教える | おしえる |
3 – Class 3: Irregular Verbs
Surprise! There are only two irregular Japanese verbs, which are 来る (kuru), meaning “come,” and する (suru), meaning “do.”
Unlike U-verbs and Ru-verbs, the stem of the irregular verbs change according to the conjugation forms.
The Japanese verb する (suru), meaning “do,” is one of the most frequently used verbs. It’s also very handy because it can often turn a noun into a verb when it’s added after a noun. Here’s how Japanese irregular verb conjugation works for this word:
- 回転 (kaiten) + する (suru) = “to rotate” / “to spin around”
[“rotation” / “spin”] [“do”]
- 出席 (shusseki) + する (suru) = “to attend”
[“attendance”] [“do”]
- 謝罪 (shazai) + する (suru) = “to apologize”
[“apology”] [“do”]
For more Japanese verb vocabulary, please visit our article on The 100+ Most Common Japanese Verbs.

運動 (undō) “exercise” + する (suru) “to do” = Undō-suru (“to exercise”)
3. Conjugation Patterns
In the Japanese verb conjugation system, a suffix (which is often an auxiliary verb) plays an important role in conjugation, together with the main verb.
1 – Class 1: U-verb Conjugation
U-verbs conjugate as in this example:
- Dictionary form: はなす・話す (hanasu) “to talk” / “to speak”
- Verb stem: はな- (hana-)
The verb 話す (hanasu), which means “to talk” or “to speak,” has the stem はな (hana) and the suffix す (su).
In Japanese conjugation, suffixes conjugate and change like in the example below, according to the forms.
Form | Informal | Formal |
Present | はな-す hana-su | はな-します hana-shimasu |
Negative-present | はな-さない hana-sanai | はな-しません hana-shimasen |
Past | はな-した hana-shita | はな-しました hana-shimashita |
Negative-past | はな-さなかった hana-sanakatta | はな-しませんでした hana-shimasen deshita |
Volitional | はな-そう hana-sō | はな-しましょう hana-shimashō |
Passive | はな-される hana-sareru | はな-されます hana-saremasu |
Causative | はな-させる haha-saseru | はな-させます haha-sasemasu |
Conditional | はな-せば hana-seba | |
Imperative | はな-せ hana-se | はな-しなさい haha-shinasai |
Example Sentences
- 私は彼と話しませんでした。
Watashi wa kare to hana-shimasen deshita.
“I didn’t talk with him.” [past / formal / polite]
- 彼らと一緒に話そう。
Kare-ra to issho ni hana-sō.
“Let’s talk with them.” [volitional / informal]
- 本当のことを話せ!
Hontō no koto o hana-se!
“Tell the truth!” [imperative / informal]

2 – Class 2: Ru-verb Conjugation
Ru-verb conjugation is similar to U-verb conjugation, but slightly different. Please pay attention to the suffix after the stem.
- Dictionary form: たべる・食べる (taberu) “to eat”
- Verb stem: たべ- (tabe-)
The verb 食べる (taberu), meaning “to eat,” has the stem たべ (tabe) and the suffix る (ru).
The suffix conjugates and changes as follows:
Form | Informal | Formal |
Present | たべ-る tabe-ru | たべ-ます tabe-masu |
Negative-present | たべ-ない tabe-nai | たべ-ません tabe-masen |
Past | たべ-た tabe-ta | たべ-ました tabe-mashita |
Negative-past | たべ-なかった tabe-nakatta | たべ-ませんでした tabe-masen deshita |
Volitional | たべ-よう tabe-yō | たべ-ましょう tabe-mashō |
Passive | たべ-られる tabe-rareru | たべ-られます tabe-raremasu |
Causative | たべ-させる tabe-saseru | たべ-させます tabe-sasemasu |
Conditional | たべ-れば tabe-reba | |
Imperative | たべ-ろ tabe-ro | たべ-なさい tabe-nasai |
Example Sentences
- 彼女は肉を食べません。
Kanojo wa niku o tabe-masen.
“She does not eat meat.” [present / formal / polite]
- 私は子供達に野菜を食べさせます。
Watashi wa kodomo-tachi ni yasai o tabe-sasemasu.
“I make my children eat vegetables.” [causative / formal]
- これを食べれば良くなるよ!
Kore o tabe-reba yoku naru yo!
“If you eat this, you’ll get better!” [conditional]

Watashi wa niku o tabe-masen. = “I don’t eat meat.”
4. Conjugation Patterns for Irregular Verbs
Contrary to U-verbs and Ru-verbs, the two irregular verbs 来る (kuru), meaning “come,” and する (suru), meaning “do,” conjugate even the stems. These two irregular verbs are frequently used, so let’s simply memorize them!
1. 来る
- Dictionary form: くる・来る (kuru) “to come”
- Verb stem: く (ku-) / こ (ko-) / き (ki-)
Form | Informal | Formal |
Present | く-る ku-ru | き-ます ki-masu |
Negative-present | こ-ない ko-nai | き-ません ki-masen |
Past | き-た ki-ta | き-ました ki-mashita |
Negative-past | こ-なかった ko-nakatta | き-ませんでした ki-masen deshita |
Volitional | こ-よう ko-yō | き-ましょう ki-mashō |
Passive | こ-られる ko-rareru | こ-られます ko-raremasu |
Causative | こ-させる ko-saseru | こ-させます ko-sasemasu |
Conditional | く-れば ku-reba | |
Imperative | こ-い ko-i | き-なさい ki-nasai |
Example Sentences
- 彼女は昨日学校に来なかった。
Kanojo wa kinō gakkō ni ko-nakatta.
“She did not come to school yesterday.” [past / informal]
- こちらへ来れば安全です。
Kochira e ku-reba anzen desu.
“You will be safe if you come here.” [conditional]
- 今すぐここへ来なさい!
Ima sugu koko e ki-nasai!
“Come here right now!” [imperative / formal / polite]
2. する
- Dictionary form: する (suru) “to do”
- Verb stem: す (su-) / し (shi-) / さ (sa-)
Form | Informal | Formal |
Present | す-る su-ru | し-ます shi-masu |
Negative-present | し-ない shi-nai | し-ません shi-masen |
Past | し-た shi-ta | し-ました shi-mashita |
Negative-past | し-なかった shi-nakatta | し-ませんでした shi-masen deshita |
Volitional | し-よう shi-yō | し-ましょう shi-mashō |
Passive | さ-れる sa-reru | さ-れます sa-remasu |
Causative | さ-せる sa-seru | さ-せます sa-semasu |
Conditional | す-れば su-reba | |
Imperative | し-ろ shi-ro | し-なさい shi-nasai |
Example Sentences
- 彼はそんなことしません。
Kare wa sonna koto shi-masen.
“He does not do such things.” [present / formal / polite]
- 一緒に勉強しよう。
Issho ni benkyō shi-yō.
“Let’s study together.” [volitional / informal]
* benkyō + suru (studying + do = to study)
- 早くしなさい!
Hayaku shi-nasai!
“Do it quickly!” [imperative / formal / polite]
5. Let’s Practice!
Now it’s time for a Japanese conjugation quiz to practice!
Try to conjugate each verb in the ( ), following the instructions, and write your answer in the blank. Even if you don’t know, try to guess and check the answers below!
- Write the verb in the past tense and informal form:
Watashi wa kinō ringo o (taberu) ______ .
(“I ate an apple yesterday.”)
- Write the verb in the volitional and formal form:
Watashi-tachi to issho ni (hanasu) ______ .
(“Let’s talk with us.”)
- Write the verb in the negative-present and formal form:
Kyō wa shiken no hi desu ga, dare mo (kuru) ______ .
(“Although today is the exam day, nobody comes.”)
- Write the verb in the imperative and formal form:
Kanojo ni (shazai suru) ______!
(“Apologize to her!”)
- Write the verb in the volitional and formal/polite form:
Issho ni (iku) ______.
(“Let’s go together.”)

Sushi o tabeyō! = “Let’s eat Sushi!”
Let’s check the answers!
- The past tense and informal form of taberu is tabemashita.
It’s the conjugation pattern of Class 2: Ru-verbs.
Watashi wa kinō ringo o tabemashita.
(“I ate an apple yesterday.”)
- The volitional and formal form of hanasu is hanashimashō.
It’s the conjugation pattern of Class 1: U-verbs.
Watashi-tachi to issho ni hanashimashō.
(“Let’s talk with us.”)
- The negative-present and formal form of kuru is kimasen.
It’s the conjugation pattern of the Class 3 irregular verb 来る (kuru), meaning “to come.”
Kyō wa shiken no hi desu ga, dare mo kimasen.
(“Although today is the exam day, nobody comes.”)
- The imperative and formal form of shazai suru is shazai shinasai.
It’s the conjugation pattern of the Class 3 irregular verb する (suru), meaning “to do.”
* shazai (“apology”) + suru (“to do”) = “to apologize”
Kanojo ni shazai shinasai!
(“Apologize to her!”)
- The volitional and formal/polite form of iku is ikimashō.
It’s the conjugation pattern of Class 1: U-verbs.
Issho ni ikimashō.
(“Let’s go together.”)
6. Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
In this article, we introduced you to Japanese verbs conjugation. Japanese verb conjugation has unique rules, but it’s simpler than you think. For example, you don’t have to worry about conjugating for person or number.
Once you master the conjugation patterns, you’ll be able to increase your verb vocabulary much easier!
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language and other useful Japanese phrases by situation, you’ll find a lot more helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. We provide a variety of free lessons for you to help improve your Japanese language skills. To start, here’s some more information about the basics of Japanese with audio:
To learn more about Japanese verbs and other grammar-related topics, check out Basic Kanji for Verbs and The 50 Most Common Japanese Verbs You’ll Find in Textbooks. How to Improve Your Speaking Skills and Must-Know Adverbs and Phrases for Connecting Thoughts are also useful if you want to brush up on your Japanese conversation skills.
And there’s so much more! Be a faster learner and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!
Before you go, let us know in the comments if there are any Japanese verbs you still want to know! We’d be glad to help, and look forward to hearing from you!

The 100+ Most Common Japanese Verbs

How many Japanese verbs do you know? When you know the 100 most common Japanese verbs and understand basic Japanese verb conjugation, you can express and understand Japanese much better!
Verbs are one of the most important parts of speech, and it’s said that verbs are the second most frequently used words (26%, next to nouns at 42%) among all other categories of words in daily Japanese conversations.
It’s always a bit tiring to learn grammatical rules, such as the conjugation patterns of verbs. However, it’s easier than you think! Once you have the rules down and become used to using them, all you have to do is apply those rules to new Japanese verbs you learn.
Japanese verb conjugation has unique rules from those in English. But don’t worry! Some features are simpler—there’s no verb conjugation based on the speaker, such as singular vs. plural, gender, or the category of that person grammatically, called 人称 (ninshō). This means that in English, verbs change based on who’s speaking:
- I am
- She is
- You are
- I go
- He goes
However, Japanese verbs remain the same regardless of who the speaker is.
In this article, we’ll introduce the top 100 Japanese verbs for beginners, which are most frequently used. We’ll also give you some tips about Japanese verb conjugation, though we’ll have a more in-depth article on this topic later on. Let’s master Japanese verbs here at JapanesePod101!

- Verb Groups: Different Types of Japanese Verbs
- Action Verbs: Physical
- Action Verbs: Mental
- Other Verbs
- Japanese Auxiliary Verbs: 助動詞 (Jodōshi)
- Verb Usage: How Japanese Verbs Work
- Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
1. Verb Groups: Different Types of Japanese Verbs

Japanese verbs always end with u or ru, and verbs are categorized into three groups:
- Class 1: U-verb
- Class 2: Ru-verb
- Class 3: Irregular verb
As the conjugation system itself is very simple, memorizing the patterns and rules will help you learn how to use Japanese verbs properly.
Japanese verbs consist of two parts: a verb base (“stem”) and a suffix. A stem doesn’t change, and a suffix conjugates according to the forms. These forms include casual vs. polite and plain vs. negative.
Class 1: U-Verbs
書く (kaku):write | Casual | Polite |
Stem | kak | |
Basic Form | 書-く kak-u | 書-きます kak-imasu |
Negative Form | 書-かない kak-anai | 書-きません kak-imasen |
The verb 書く (kaku), meaning “write,” has the stem kak and the suffix u. As you can see from the Japanese verbs chart above, the suffix conjugates and changes according to the forms.
However, you have to keep in mind that if a verb ends with u, it means that the last vowel is u. Therefore, u-verbs can end with Hiragana:
- う(u)
- く (ku)
- す(su)
- つ (tsu)
- ぬ (nu)
- む (mu)
- る (ru)

U-verb Examples
English | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
meet | au | 会う | あう |
learn | manabu | 学ぶ | まなぶ |
push | osu | 押す | おす |
pull | hiku | 引く | ひく |
Class 2: Ru-Verbs
出る (deru) :come out | Casual | Polite |
Stem | de | |
Basic Form | 出-る de-ru | 出-ます de-masu |
Negative Form | 出-ない de-nai | 出-ません de-masen |
The verb 出る (deru), meaning “come out,” has the stem de and the suffix ru. The suffix conjugates and changes as it did above. It’s similar to u-verbs, but slightly different.
Ru-verb Examples
English | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
teach | oshieru | 教える | おしえる |
exist (living things) | iru | いる | いる |
sleep | neru | 寝る | ねる |
answer | kotaeru | 答える | こたえる |
Class 3: Irregular Verbs
Don’t worry too much! There are only two Japanese irregular verbs.
The stems of the verbs change according to the conjugating forms. There are only two verbs, so let’s memorize them!
- 来る (kuru):come
来る (kuru) :come | Casual | Polite |
Stem | ku / ko / ki | |
Basic Form | 来-る く-る ku-ru | 来-ます き-ます ki-masu |
Negative Form | 来-ない こ-ない ko-nai | 来-ません き-ません ki-masen |
- する (suru):do
する (suru) :do | Casual | Polite |
Stem | su / shi | |
Basic Form | す-る su-ru | し-ます shi-masu |
Negative Form | し-ない shi-nai | し-ません shi-masen |
The Japanese verb する (suru), meaning “do,” is a very handy word which can often turn a noun into a verb when it’s added next to the noun.
For example:
- 勉強 (benkyō) + する (suru) = to study
studying (do)
- 参加 (sanka) + する (suru) = to participate
participation (do)
- 感謝 (kansha) + する (suru) = to thank/appreciate
appreciation/gratitude (do)
Now that you have a better idea of how to conjugate different types of verbs, let’s move on to our Japanese verbs list!

2. Action Verbs: Physical
To start, here are the most common Japanese verbs of motion.
English | Japanese Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
see / look / watch | miru | 見る | みる |
hear / listen | kiku | 聞く | きく |
say | iu | 言う | いう |
walk | aruku | 歩く | あるく |
run | hashiru | 走る | はしる |
eat | taberu | 食べる | たべる |
drink | nomu | 飲む | のむ |
take | toru | 取る | とる |
use | tsukau | 使う | つかう |
move | ugoku | 動く | うごく |
hold / grab | tsukamu | 掴む | つかむ |
sit | suwaru | 座る | すわる |
stand | tatsu | 立つ | たつ |
wear | kiru | 着る | きる |
take off (clothes/shoes) | nugu | 脱ぐ | ぬぐ |
work | hataraku | 働く | はたらく |
wake up | okiru | 起きる | おきる |
go | iku | 行く | いく |
come | kuru | 来る | くる |
bend | mageru | 曲げる | まげる |
search | sagasu | 探す | さがす |
read | yomu | 読む | よむ |
play | asobu | 遊ぶ | あそぶ |
get on (vehicle) | noru | 乗る | のる |
get off (vehicle) | oriru | 降りる | おりる |
start | hajimeru | 始める | はじめる |
finish | oeru | 終える | おえる |
open | akeru | 開ける | あける |
close | shimeru | 閉める | しめる |
stop | tomeru | 止める | とめる |
put | oku | 置く | おく |
wait | matsu | 待つ | まつ |
rest | yasumu | 休む | やすむ |
learn | manabu | 学ぶ | まなぶ |
give | ataeru | 与える | あたえる |
visit | otozureru | 訪れる | おとずれる |
leave | saru | 去る | さる |
depart | shuppatsu suru | 出発する | しゅっぱつする |
arrive | tōchaku suru | 到着する | とうちゃくする |
sell | uru | 売る | うる |
buy | kau | 買う | かう |
live | ikiru | 生きる | いきる |
die | shinu | 死ぬ | しぬ |

3. Action Verbs: Mental
These everyday Japanese verbs are essential for expressing actions that aren’t physical or immediately tangible. Take a look!
know | Japanese Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
know | shiru | 知る | しる |
think | kangaeru | 考える | かんがえる |
imagine | sōzō suru | 想像する | そうぞうする |
feel | kanjiru | 感じる | かんじる |
like | konomu | 好む | このむ |
dislike | kirau | 嫌う | きらう |
love | aisuru | 愛する | あいする |
hate | nikumu | 憎む | にくむ |
believe | shinjiru | 信じる | しんじる |
expect | kitai suru | 期待する | きたいする |
understand | rikai suru | 理解する | りかいする |
remember | omoidasu | 思い出す | おもいだす |
agree | dōi suru | 同意する | どういする |
laugh | warau | 笑う | わらう |
cry | naku | 泣く | なく |
get angry | okoru | 怒る | おこる |
feel sad | kanashimu | 悲しむ | かなしむ |
wish / hope | negau | 願う | ねがう |
get surprised | odoroku | 驚く | おどろく |
forget | wasureru | 忘れる | わすれる |
satisfy | manzoku suru | 満足する | まんぞくする |
doubt | utagau | 疑う | うたがう |
decide | kimeru | 決める | きめる |
notice | kizuku | 気づく | きづく |
To check your pronunciation of Japanese verbs with audio, see our page about the 25 Most Commonly Used Verbs.
4. Other Verbs

You’re almost done! There are just a few more Japanese language verbs you should know.
English | Japanese Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
appear | arawareru | 現れる | あらわれる |
remain | kieru | 消える | きえる |
remain | nokoru | 残る | のこる |
return | kaeru | 帰る | かえる |
check | kakunin suru | 確認する | かくにんする |
increase | fueru | 増える | ふえる |
decrease | heru | 減る | へる |
carry | hakobu | 運ぶ | はこぶ |
get dry | kawaku | 乾く | かわく |
get wet | nureru | 濡れる | ぬれる |
wash | arau | 洗う | あらう |
get dirty | yogoreru | 汚れる | よごれる |
indicate | shimesu | 示す | しめす |
enjoy | tanoshimu | 楽しむ | たのしむ |
fall | ochiru | 落ちる | おちる |
win | katsu | 勝つ | かつ |
lose | makeru | 負ける | まける |
break | kowasu | 壊す | こわす |
fix | naosu | 直す | なおす |
cross | wataru | 渡る | わたる |
change | kawaru | 変わる | かわる |
send | okuru | 送る | おくる |
receive | uketoru | 受け取る | うけとる |

5. Japanese Auxiliary Verbs: 助動詞 (Jodōshi)
The Japanese 助動詞 (Jodōshi), which translates as “auxiliary verb,” is a functional type of word with some variations. By adding an auxiliary verb, the meaning of the preceding word will be modified.
For example:
- 感じる (kanjiru) : “feel” + させる (saseru) [causative verb]
= 感じさせる (kanjisaseru) : “make (you) feel”
- 食べる (taberu) : “eat” + られる (rareru) [ability]
= 食べられる (taberareru) : edible
Here are some of the Japanese auxiliary verbs:
Japanese Reading | Hiragana | Usage / Meaning / Example |
---|---|---|
(sa)seru | (ら)れる | Causation 食べさせる tabesaseru to make (one) eat |
(ra) reru | (ら)れる | Passive / Ability, etc. 食べられる taberareru edible / being eaten |
nai / nu / n | (よ)う | Negation 食べない tabenai (I do) not eat |
yō | (よ)う | Volition 食べよう tabeyō I will eat / Let’s eat |
tai / tagaru | たい / たがる | Desire 食べたい tabetai I want to eat |
yō da | ようだ | Similarity 食べるようだ taberu yō da it looks like (she/he) eats |
sō da | そうだ | Hearsay 食べるそうだ taberu sō da they say that (she/he) eats |
rashii | らしい | Hearsay / Behavior 食べるらしい taberu rashii they say that (she/he) may eat |
da / desu・masu | だ / です・ます | Predication / Politeness (copula) 食べます tabemasu (I) eat |

6. Verb Usage: How Japanese Verbs Work
Japanese language verb conjugation patterns differ for u-verbs, ru-verbs, and irregular verbs.
Because many frequently used Japanese words are in this category, let’s take a look at an example for u-verbs.
The conjugation pattern for the verb 書く (kaku), meaning “write,” is as follows:
Conjugation | Kanji | Usage / Meaning |
---|---|---|
kakAnai | 書かない | Negative Form |
kakImasu | 書きます | Polite Form |
kaIta | 書いた | Ta- Form |
kakU | 書く | Dictionary Form |
kakU toki | 書くとき | Attributive Form |
kakEba | 書けば | Conditional Form |
kakE | 書け | Imperative Form |
kakO | 書こう | Suggestion Form (“Let’s-“) |
For more detail on the grammar of Japanese verbs and other conjugation patterns, please visit Verb Conjugation.
We also have other articles you may like to check out: Top 100 Japanese Adjectives, Top 100 Japanese Nouns, and Japanese Pronouns.
7. Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese

In this article, we introduced the most common Japanese verbs and explained the basics of Japanese verb conjugation. Once you know the conjugation patterns, you’ll be able to more quickly expand your Japanese verbs vocabulary and take better command of the language.
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language and other useful Japanese phrases for a variety of situations, you’ll find a lot of helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. We provide an array of free lessons for you to improve your Japanese language skills. To get you started, here’s some more information on Japanese basics with audio:
To learn how to converse with others in Japanese, check out Top 15 Questions You Should Know for Conversations and Top 10 Conversational Phrases. If you want to learn Japanese kanji, you’ll also enjoy Basic Kanji for Verbs and Basic Kanji for Adjectives.
And there’s so much more! Learn faster and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!
Before you go, let us know in the comments if there are any Japanese verbs you still want to know! We’d be glad to help, and look forward to hearing from you!

Your Ultimate Guide to Japanese Pronouns

Pronouns are used to substitute nouns, such as people or things, in a sentence. Using pronouns allows you to avoid repetitive usage of a particular word in a sentence, which would sound awkward. Japanese pronouns are very different from those in English because Japanese pronouns can be omitted from a sentence when they’re implied through the context.
Unlike in English, there are many different variations of Japanese personal pronouns that translate as “I/me” and “you,” although only a few are commonly used. This expression of Japanese pronouns comes from Japanese culture, which puts importance on respect, seniority, and social order.
Each Japanese pronoun variation denotes the different characteristics of the speaker. These include gender, age, social status, level of respect, and their relationship with the person they’re speaking to.
Ready to learn Japanese pronouns? In this Japanese pronoun guide, we introduce Japanese pronouns that will boost your language skills, and teach you how to use them. JapanesePod101 makes it simple and easy to understand!

- Japanese Personal Pronouns
- Japanese Demonstrative Pronouns
- Japanese Interrogative Pronouns
- Japanese Indefinite Pronouns
- Examples
- Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
1. Japanese Personal Pronouns

Personal pronouns in Japanese are rich in expression, and there are dozens of first- and second-person pronouns. However, most of them aren’t commonly used so we’ll introduce frequently used Japanese personal pronouns here.
1. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Person Singular
1. How to Say “I”
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana | Level of Formality | Gender | Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
watakushi | 私 | わたくし | very formal | both | Very formal and polite personal pronoun often used in very official occasions. |
watashi | 私 | わたし | formal / informal | both | Used by both genders in formal occasions, such as at the workplace. This is the most commonly used word for “I,” but it’s often omitted in a sentence. In informal situations, this is typically used by women. |
atashi | ー | あたし | informal | female | This is the casual version of watashi and it’s used by younger females in conversations. However, it can sound a bit childish and unsophisticated. |
boku | 僕 | ぼく | informal | male | Used by males of all ages, but very often by kids and younger men. It gives an impression of humbleness. This can also be used as a second-person pronoun toward little boys (English equivalent: “kid”). |
ore | 俺 | おれ | very informal | male | Frequently used by men in informal settings, such as among family and friends. It sounds very masculine. This can be very rude when it’s used in formal occasions or in front of respectable/senior people. |
2. How to Say “You”
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana | Level of Formality | Gender | Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
anata | 貴方 | あなた | formal / informal | both | This is almost equivalent to the English word “you.” However, it’s not often used as the subject in a sentence, and it’s often omitted. It’s more common to use a person’s name with a Japanese honorific, such as 様 (sama) or さん (san), to express “you” in formal contexts. In addition, wives often call their husbands by this Japanese pronoun. When used this way, it’s comparable to the English words “dear” or “darling.” Kanji is rarely used. |
kimi | 君 | きみ | informal | both | Often used to call subordinates and peers in informal settings. It can also be affectionate and polite when used by a boyfriend/husband to call his girlfriend/wife. It’s impolite and inappropriate when used with respectable/senior people or strangers. The Kanji 君 can also be read as kun when it’s added next to a male’s name as a casual and affectionate honorific word. |
omae | お前 | おまえ | very informal | both / male | Often used by men. It expresses that the speaker has a superior status or age, and it’s very rude to use this toward senior people and in formal settings. It’s also used among close friends to call peers. In addition, husbands frequently call their wives by this pronoun, which is comparable to the female use of anata. |
anta | ー | あんた | very informal | both | It’s a short version of anata, but it sounds very impolite and implies a sense of contempt. It can also be used between people in a very close relationship. It’s very rude and inappropriate to use toward senior people and in formal settings. |
kisama | 貴様 | きさま | very rude and hostile | both | The historical origin of this word was very formal, but it’s used today as a very rude way to call another person. It has a sense of extreme hostility from the speaker. You’ll often hear this in 時代劇 (jidaigeki) (samurai warrior) drama shows. |

3. How to Say “He” and “She”
Does Japanese have gendered pronouns? Sort of. Here’s what we mean:
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana | Level of Formality |
---|---|---|---|
kare | 彼 | かれ | formal / informal |
kanojo | 彼女 | かのじょ | formal / informal |
The Japanese pronouns for the third person are above. However, they’re not used like they are in English.
Native Japanese people prefer to use the person’s name, or to describe them as あの人 (ano hito), meaning “that person,” which makes it unnecessary to indicate gender.
In informal settings, 彼 (kare) means “boyfriend” and 彼女 (kanojo) means “girlfriend.”
2. 1st, 2nd, 3rd Person Plural
In order to make Japanese personal pronouns plural, a suffix is added to them.
The suffix can be ~達 (-tachi ), ~方 (-gata), or ~ら (-ra), depending on which word comes in front.
Meaning | Suffix | Reading | Level of Formality |
---|---|---|---|
We | -tachi | watashi-tachi | neutral / formal |
You [plural] | -tachi | anata-tachi | neutral / formal |
You [plural] | -gata | anata-gata | formal |
They [he, plural] | -ra | kare-ra | neutral / formal |
They [she, plural] | -ra | kanojo-ra | neutral / formal |
The suffix 達 (-tachi) can be added to most of the nouns that refer to people and animals. For example, 動物達(dōbutsu-tachi) means “animals.”

3. Possessive Forms
To make Japanese possessive pronouns, add the suffix の (〜no) to the pronouns.
Meaning | Reading |
---|---|
mine | watashi no |
yours | anata no |
his | kare no |
hers | kanojo no |
ours | watashi-tachi no |
theirs | kare-ra no |
4. Reflective or Intensive Forms
To make Japanese reflexive pronouns or intensive forms, add the suffix 自身 (〜jishin) to the pronouns.
Meaning | Reading |
---|---|
myself | watashi jishin |
yourself | anata jishin |
himself | kare jishin |
herself | kanojo jishin |
ourselves | watashi-tachi jishin |
themselves | kare-ra jishin |
To hear how to pronounce Japanese pronouns, visit Most Useful Pronouns.
2. Japanese Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns in Japanese are typically written in Hiragana. Further, Japanese demonstrative pronouns are easy to remember as they’re categorized in groups depending on their degree of distance from the speaker or listener.
Words that:
- begin with こ (ko-) indicate something close to the speaker.
- begin with そ (so-) indicate some distance from the speaker or something close to the listener.
- begin with あ (a-) indicate far distance.
Meaning | Reading | Hiragana | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
this | kore | これ | near speaker |
it | sore | それ | near listener |
that | are | あれ | distant from both speaker and listener |
these | kore-ra | これら | near speaker |
those | sore-ra / are-ra | それら/ あれら | near listener / distant from both speaker and listener |
here | koko | ここ | near speaker |
there | soko | そこ | near listener |
over there | asoko | あそこ | distant from both speaker and listener |
3. Japanese Interrogative Pronouns
Similar to demonstrative pronouns, most of the Japanese interrogative pronouns begin with ど (do-) or だ (da-).
Meaning | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
what | nani | 何 | なに |
which | dono / dore | ー | どの/どれ |
who | dare | 誰 | だれ |
whom | dare ni | 誰に | 誰に |
whose | dare no | 誰の | だれの |
when | itsu | ー | いつ |
why | naze | ー | なぜ |
Keep in mind that “whose” is a possessive form of “who,” and the rules of the Japanese possessive forms also apply:
誰 (dare) meaning “who” + の (〜no) = 誰の (dare no) meaning “whose.”

4. Japanese Indefinite Pronouns
In the Japanese language, “everyone/everybody” and “anyone/anybody” are both translated as 誰でも (dare demo) in some contexts.
In a negative sentence using indefinite pronouns such as “no one/nobody,” “nowhere,” and “nothing,” a negative form is typically: も…ない (...mo…nai …).
Meaning | Reading | Kanji | Hiragana |
---|---|---|---|
everyone / everybody | minna / dare demo | 皆/誰でも | みんな/だれでも |
everywhere | doko demo / doko ni mo | ー | どこでも/どこにも |
everything | subete / zenbu | 全て/全部 | すべて/ぜんぶ |
someone / somebody | dare ka | 誰か | だれか |
somewhere | doko ka | ー | どこか |
something | nani ka | 何か | なにか |
no one / nobody | dare mo…nai | 誰も…ない | だれも…ない |
nowhere | doko ni mo…nai | ー | どこにも…ない |
nothing | nani mo…nai | 何も…ない | なにも…ない |
anyone / anybody | dare demo | 誰でも | だれでも |
anywhere | doko demo / doko ni mo | ー | どこでも/どこにも |
anything | nan demo | 何でも | なんでも |

5. Examples
Now that we’ve come to the end of this Japanese pronouns list, here are some example sentences using Japanese pronouns.
1. Personal Pronouns
- あなたと私は東京出身で、彼と彼女は大阪出身です。
Anata to watashi wa Tōkyō shusshin de, kare to kanojo wa Ōsaka shusshin desu.
You and I are from Tokyo, and he and she are from Osaka.
- 年上の人に向かって「お前」や「貴様」と呼ぶことはとても失礼です。
Toshiue no hito ni mukatte “omae” ya “kisama” to yobu koto wa totemo shitsurei desu.
It is very rude to call an elder person omae and kisama.
- 私達は明日、君の誕生日会へ行きます。
Watashi-tachi wa ashita, kimi no tanjōbi kai e ikimasu.
We will go to your birthday party tomorrow.
2. Demonstrative Pronouns
- それをここに持ってきてください。
Sore o koko ni motte kite kudasai.
Please bring it here.
- これらの本はあそこの棚へ戻してください。
Kore-ra no hon wa asoko no tana e modoshite kudasai.
Please put these books back on the shelf over there.
- 彼らはここからあなたの家へ出発しました。
Kare-ra wa koko kara anata no ie e shuppatsu shimashita.
They departed to your home from here.
3. Interrogative Pronouns
- 私はなぜあそこに行かなければならないか分かりません。
Watashi wa naze aoko ni ikanakereba naranai ka wakarimasen.
I don’t understand why I have to go there.
- 誰に向かって話しているのですか。
Dare ni mukatte hanashite iru no desu ka.
To whom are you talking?
- あそこのあの靴は誰のですか。
Asoko no ano kutsu wa dare no desu ka.
Whose shoes are those there?
4. Indefinite Pronouns
- 彼女はどこかに全てを置いてきました。
Kanojo wa doko ka ni subete o oite kimashita.
She left everything somewhere.
- 誰もあのような変な服を持っていないでしょう。
Dare mo ano yō na hen na fuku o motte inai deshō.
No one would have strange clothes like that.
- 誰かが彼にここで何でも食べていいと伝えました。
Dare ka ga kare ni koko de nan demo tabete ii to tsutaemashita.
Somebody told him that he could eat anything here.
To learn more useful Japanese vocabulary, check out our 100 Adjectives and 100 Nouns articles.
6. Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese

In this article, we introduced you to a variety of common pronouns in Japanese. By now, you should have an enhanced vocabulary and have a better idea of how to use Japanese pronouns. This is something that will definitely improve your overall Japanese language skills!
Did you learn something new from this article? Do you want to know more about Japanese grammar? Let us know in the comments section below!
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language and other useful Japanese phrases for any situation, you’ll find more helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. We provide a variety of free lessons to help you improve your Japanese language skills.
To get you started, here’s some more information about the basics of Japanese, with audio:
To learn how to converse in Japanese, check out Top 15 Questions You Should Know for Conversations and Top 10 Conversational Phrases. Basic Kanji for Verbs and Basic Kanji for Adjectives are also useful if you want to learn Japanese kanji.
And there’s so much more! Learn faster and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!

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“Where do you live?”
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“I live in Tokyo.”
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I want to open a bank account.
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Giving and Asking for Directions: “Right” in Japanese & More

Knowing how to ask for directions in Japanese is very helpful when it comes to getting around in Japan. In particular, finding the right address can be a bit confusing, because smaller streets in Japan aren’t named and addresses are expressed with the name of a small area and numbers.
Along with knowing how to ask directions in Japanese, understanding the directions you were told is even more important. This ensures that you can reach the destination with the information given. (You don’t want to mistake “right” in Japanese for left!)
But don’t worry! Japanese people are kind in general, and they’ll stop to listen and help you when you ask them for directions in Japanese.
Here’s some useful vocabulary and phrases for giving and asking for directions in Japanese. Master directions in Japanese at JapanesePod101.com and find your way to exciting destinations!

Table of Contents
- On the Map: Cardinal Directions in Japanese
- On the Road
- Giving Directions in Japanese Using Landmarks
- Must-Know Phrases for Asking for Directions in Japanese
- Must-Know Phrases for Giving Directions in Japanese
- Other Useful Phrases for Asking Directions with Map/Phone
- Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
1. On the Map: Cardinal Directions in Japanese

Let’s master the basic compass directions in Japanese for reading the map.
1- Basic Vocabulary
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana | English |
kita | 北 | きた | north |
minami | 南 | みなみ | south |
nishi | 西 | にし | west |
higashi | 東 | ひがし | east |
hokusei | 北西 | ほくせい | northwest |
hokutō | 北東 | ほくとう | northeast |
nantō | 南東 | なんとう | southeast |
nansei | 南西 | なんせい | southwest |
chizu | 地図 | ちず | map |
genzaichi | 現在地 | げんざいち | current location |
2- Examples
- 皇居は現在地から北東へ5kmの場所にあります。
Kōkyo wa genzaichi kara hokutō e go-kiromētoru no basho ni arimasu.
The Imperial Palace is located 5km northeast from the current location. - 日本の地理は、北の北海道、東の関東、西の関西、南の九州が特徴です。
Nihon no chiri wa, kita no Hokkaidō, higashi no Kantō, nishi no Kansai, minami no Kyūshū ga tokuchō desu.
The geography of Japan is characterized by Hokkaidō of the North, Kantō of the East, Kansai of the West, and Kyūshū of the south. - 横浜は、東京の南に位置しています。
Yokohama wa Tōkyō no minami ni ichi shite imasu.
Yokohama is located in the south of Tokyo.

2. On the Road
Knowing how to say directions in Japanese for the road, such as right and left in Japanese, is very useful. The vocabulary below is essential for giving and receiving driving directions in Japanese!1- Basic Vocabulary
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana | English |
mae | 前 | まえ | front |
ushiro | 後ろ | うしろ | back |
hidari | 左 | ひだり | left |
migi | 右 | みぎ | right |
tōi | 遠い | とおい | far |
chikai | 近い | ちかい | close |
koko | ー | ここ | here |
asoko | ー | あそこ | there |
massugu | ー | まっすぐ | straight |
tonari | 隣 | となり | next |
watatta | 渡った | わたった | across |
kōsaten | 交差点 | こうさてん | intersection |
kado o magaru | 角を曲がる | かどをまがる | turn the corner |
2- Examples
- 東京タワーは東京プリンスホテルの隣にあります。次の角を右に曲がって、まっすぐ進んでください。
Tōkyō Tawā wa Tōkyō Prince Hotel no tonari ni arimasu. Tsugi no kado o migi ni magatte, massugu susunde kudasai.
Tokyo Tower is located next to Tokyo Prince Hotel. Please turn right at the next corner and go straight. - 明治神宮は原宿駅から200mくらいの場所で、近いです。
Meiji Jingū wa Harajuku Eki kara ni-hyaku-mētoru kurai no basho de, chikai desu.
Meiji Jingū is located around 200m away from Harajuku Station and it is close. - 都庁のビルは、新宿中央公園から交差点を渡った場所にあります。
Tochō no biru wa, Shinjuku Chūō Kōen kara kōsaten o watatta basho ni arimasu.
The Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building is located across the intersection from Shinjuku Central Park. - あそこの交差点を左に曲がって道をまっすぐ行くと、前に駅が見えます。
Asoko no kōsaten o hidari ni magatte michi o massugu iku to, mae ni eki ga miemasu.
When you turn left at the intersection there, go straight on the street; you will see the station in front.

When you’re at an intersection or on a road, migi, meaning “right” in Japanese, and hidari, meaning “left” in Japanese, are essential words to use for giving/asking directions.
3. Giving Directions in Japanese Using Landmarks
A landmark is an object or feature of a landscape or city that’s easily seen and recognized from a distance. Know the basic vocabulary for landmarks will help you understand when you’re getting directions in Japanese.
1- In the City: Basic Vocabulary
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | English |
kūkō | 空港 | くうこう | airport |
chikatetsu no ek | 地下鉄の駅 | ちかてつのえき | subway station |
machi no chūshinchi | 街の中心地 | まちのちゅうしんち | center of the city |
kōen | 公園 | こうえん | park |
hoteru | ー | ホテル | hotel |
byōin | 病院 | びょういん | hospital |
ginkō | 銀行 | ぎんこう | bank |
Examples
- 地下鉄の駅は、この道をまっすぐ進むと、銀行の隣にあります。
Chikatetsu no eki wa, kono michi o massugu susumu to, ginkō no tonari ni arimasu.
The subway station is located next to the bank when you go straight on this road. - この街の中心地は駅の近くで、あそこの病院を右に曲がって500mくらいの場所にあります。
Kono machi no chūshinchi wa eki no chikaku de, asoko no byōin o migi ni magatte go-hyaku-mētoru kurai no basho ni arimasu.
The center of this city is located near the station, and it’s 500m away after you turn right at the hospital there. - この交差点を左に曲がると、地下鉄の駅があります。
Kono kōsaten o hidari ni magaru to, chikatetsu no eki ga arimasu.
When you turn left at this intersection, the subway station is there.
2- On the Road: Basic Vocabulary
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | English |
shingō | 信号 | しんごう | traffic light |
ōdanhodō | 横断歩道 | おうだんほどう | crosswalk |
kado | 角 | かど | corner |
tatemono / biru | 建物 / ビル | たてもの / ビル | building |
kōban / keisatsusho | 交番 / 警察署 | こうばん / けいさつしょ | police station |
eki | 駅 | えき | train station |
basutei | バス停 | バスてい | bus stop |
hashi | 橋 | はし | bridge |
A 交番 こうばん (kōban) is a small police station in a community, and is the smallest unit of the police structure in Japan. On the other hand, a 警察署 けいさつしょ (keisatsusho) is a large police station which is usually the headquarters of the police station in a city or area.
Examples
- 駅は、あの横断歩道を渡って右にある高い建物の後ろにあります。
Eki wa, ano ōdanhodō o watatte migi ni aru takai tatemono no ushiro ni arimasu.
The train station is located at the back of the tall building on the right after crossing that crosswalk. - この道をまっすぐ進むと、左に交番が見えます。交番の角を右に曲がるとバス停があります。
Kono michi o massugu susumu to, hidari ni kōban ga miemasu. Kōban no kado o migi ni magaru to basutei ga arimasu.
When you go straight on this street, you will see the police station on your left. There is the bus stop after you turn right at the corner of the police station. - あの橋を渡って見える大きい建物は横浜ホテルです。
Ano hashi o watatte mieru ōkii tatemono wa Yokohama Hotel desu.
The big building you see across that bridge is Yokohama Hotel.

3- In a Structure/Building: Basic Vocabulary
Reading | Kanji | Hiragana / Katakana | English |
iriguchi | 入口 | いりぐち | entrance |
deguchi | 出口 | でぐち | exit |
keshōshitsu / toire | 化粧室 / トイレ | けしょうしつ / トイレ | restroom |
kaidan | 階段 | 階段 | stairs |
erebētā | ー | エレベーター | elevator |
mon | 門 | もん | gate |
chūshajō | 駐車場 | ちゅうしゃじょう | parking lot |
Examples
- 地下鉄の駅の入口は、この階段を降りた右側にあります。
Chikatetsu no eki no iriguchi wa, kono kaidan o orita migigawa ni arimasu.
The entrance of the subway station is located at the right side after going down the stairs. - トイレはこのビルの3階にあります。あのエレベーターで3階に行けます。
Toire wa kono biru no san-kai ni arimasu. Ano erebētā de san-kai ni ikemasu.
There is a toilet on the third floor in this building. You can go to the third floor with that elevator. - あの駐車場の門の隣に出口があります。
Anochūshajō no mon no tonari ni deguchi ga arimasu.
There is an exit next to that gate in the parking lot.

4. Must-Know Phrases for Asking for Directions in Japanese

Here’s a list of useful phrases and examples for how to ask for directions in Japanese.
1- Polite Phrases to Begin Your Question
すみません (sumimasen) — Excuse me
すみません、この駅の入口はどこですか。Sumimasen, kono eki no iriguchi wa doko desu ka.
Excuse me, where is the entrance to this station?
ちょっといいですか。(Chotto ii desu ka.) — Can I talk to you? / May I ask a bit?
ちょっといいですか。渋谷駅はどこですか。Chotto ii desu ka. Shibuya Eki wa doko desu ka.
Can I talk to you a bit? Where is Shibuya station?
助けてもらえますか。(Tasukete moraemasu ka.) — Will you help me?
助けてもらえますか。空港までの行き方を教えてくれませんか。Tasukete moraemasu ka. Kūkō made no ikikata o oshiete kuremasen ka.
Will you help me? Can you show me the way to go to the airport?
2- Example Phrases Using “Where is…?”
…はどこですか。(… wa doko desu ka.) — Where is …?
- すみません、トイレはどこですか。
Sumimasen, toire wa doko desu ka.
Excuse me, where is the toilet? - ちょっといいですか。代々木公園はどこですか。
Chotto ii desu ka. Yoyogi Kōen wa doko desu ka.
Can I talk to you? Where is Yoyogi Park? - すみません、お台場はどこですか。
Sumimasen, Odaiba wa doko desu ka.
Excuse me, where is Odaiba?
3- Example Phrases Using “How do I get to…?”
…にはどうやって行けばいいですか。 (… ni wa dō yatte ikeba ii desu ka.) — How do I get to…?
- 浅草にはどうやって行けばいいですか。
Asakusa ni wa dō yatte ikeba ii desu ka.
How do I get to Asakusa? - 皇居方面の出口にはどうやって行けばいいですか。
Kōkyo hōmen no deguchi ni wa dō yatte ikeba ii desu ka.
How do I get to the exit toward the Imperial Palace?
4- Example Phrases Using “How far is …?” / “Is … far from here?”
…はどの位遠いですか。 (…wa dono kurai tōi desu ka.) — How far is …?
…はここから遠いですか。(…wa koko kara tōi desu ka.) — Is … far from here?
- 東京タワーはどの位遠いですか。
Tōkyō Tawā wa dono kurai tōi desu ka.
How far is Tokyo Tower? - 駅はここから遠いですか。
Eki wa koko kara tōi desu ka.
Is the train station far from here?
5- Example Courtesy Phrases to Thank People
ありがとうございます (arigatō gozaimasu) — Thank you.
- ありがとうございます、とても助かりました。
Arigatō gozaimasu, totemo tasukarimashita.
Thank you, it helped me a lot.
分かりました、ありがとうございます。(wakarimashita, arigatō gozaimasu.) — I see, thank you.
- 駅への行き方分かりました、ありがとうございます。
Eki e no ikikata wakarimashita, arigatō gozaimasu.
I see how to get to the station, thank you.
親切にありがとうございました (shinsetsu ni arigatō gozaimashita.) — Thank you for your kindness.
- 建物の入り口まで連れて来てくれて、親切にありがとうございました。
Tatemono no iriguchi made tsurete kite kurete, shinsetsu ni arigatō gozaimashita.
Thank you for your kindness by taking me to the entrance of the building.
For more about saying thank you in Japanese, check out Common Ways to Say Thank You.
To learn greetings in Japanese, visit Japanese Greetings.

5. Must-Know Phrases for Giving Directions in Japanese
Here’s a list of useful phrases and examples for giving directions in Japanese. You’ll also find taxi directions in Japanese that you can use as needed.1- go straight
Japanese: まっすぐ進みますReading: massugu susumi masu
- 地下鉄の駅へはこの道をまっすぐ進みます。
Chikatetsu no eki e wa kono michi o massugu susumimasu.
Go straight on this road to the subway station.
2- go back
Japanese: 戻りますReading: modorimasu
- 新宿駅へはこの道を、あの信号まで戻ります。
Shinjuku Eki e wa kono michi o, ano shingō made modorimasu.
Go back on this road until that traffic light to Shinjuku Station.
3- turn left/right
Japanese: 左 / 右へ曲がりますReading: hidari / migi e magarimasu
- あの信号を左へ曲がります。
Ano shingō o hidari e magarimasu.
Turn left at that traffic light.
4- turn left / right at corner / intersection
Japanese: 角 / 交差点を左 / 右へ曲がりますReading: kado / kōsaten o hidari / migi e magarimasu
- あの高いビルがある交差点を右へ曲がります。
Ano takai biru ga aru kōsaten o migi e magarimasu.
Turn right at the intersection where that tall building is.
5- on … floor
Japanese: …階Reading: …kai
- トイレは5階にあります。
Toire wa go-kai ni arimasu.
The toilet is on the fifth floor.
6- go upstairs / downstairs
Japanese: 階段を上がります / 下がりますReading: kaidan o agarimasu / sagarimasu
- トイレへはこの階段を上がります。
Toire e wa kono kaidan o agarimasu.
Go upstairs to the toilet.
7- (to a driver) keep going
Japanese: このまま行ってくださいReading: kono mama itte kudasai
- この道をこのまま行ってください。
Kono michi o kono mama itte kudasai.
Keep going on this road.
8- (to a driver) stop here
Japanese: ここで止まってくださいReading: koko de tomatte kudasai
- ホテルはここです。ここで止まってください。
Hoteru wa koko desu. Koko de tomatte kudasai.
The hotel is here. Please stop here.
9- (to a driver) hurry up
Japanese: 急いでくださいReading: isoide kudasai
- 時間があまりないので急いでください。
Jikan ga amari nai node isoide kudasai.
Please hurry up because there’s not much time.
10- (to a driver) slow down
Japanese: 速度を落としてくださいReading: sokudo o otoshite kudasai
- 急いでないので速度を落としてください。
Isoide nai node sokudo o otoshite kudasai.
Please slow down because I’m not in a hurry.
11- (to a driver) short-cut
Japanese: 近道Reading: chikamichi
- 駅への近道を知っていますか。
Eki e no chikamichi o shitte imasu ka.
Do you know the short-cut to the station?
12- You won’t miss it (you will see it immediately)
Japanese: すぐに分かりますReading: sugu ni wakarimasu
- 駅はあの銀行の裏です。すぐに分かりますよ。
Eki wa ano ginkō no ura desu. Sugu ni wakarimasu yo.
The station is behind that bank. You won’t miss it.
13- You will see xxx on the right / left side
Japanese: XXXは右 / 左に見えますReading: XXX wa migi / hidari ni miemasu
- この道をまっすぐ行くと、駅が左に見えます。
Kono michi o massugu iku to, eki ga hidari ni miemasu.
When you go straight on this road, you will see the station on the left side.

6. Other Useful Phrases for Asking Directions with Map/Phone

Even if you’re using your phone to search for directions, it’s often confusing and difficult to figure it out in a foreign country. Here’s a list of useful phrases for asking directions in Japanese using a map or phone.
1- Can you indicate … on this map?
Japanese: …をこの地図で示してください。Reading: …o kono chizu de shimeshite kudasai
- 西新宿2丁目の2をこの地図で示してください。
Nishi-Shinjuku ni-chō-me no ni o kono chizu de shimeshite kudasai.
Can you indicate 2-2 Nishi-Shinjuku, please?
2- Please type the name of XXX on my phone / Google Maps
Japanese: 私の電話 / グーグルマップにXXXの名前を打ってください。Reading: watashi no denwa / Gūguru Mappu ni XXX no namae o utte kudasai.
- グーグルマップに両国国技館の名前を打ってください。
Gūguru Mappu ni Ryōgoku Kokugikan (Kokugikan 国技館) no namae o utte kudasai.
Please type the name of the Ryōgoku Sumo Hall on Google Maps.
3- Can you find XXX on Google Maps, please?
Japanese: XXXをグーグルマップで探してくれませんか。Reading: XXX o Gūguru Mappu de sagashite kuremasen ka.
- この住所をグーグルマップで探してくれませんか。
Kono jūsho o Gūguru Mappu de sagashite kuremasen ka.
Can you find this address on Google Maps, please?

7. Conclusion: How JapanesePod101 Can Help You Learn More Japanese
In this article, we introduced the vocabulary and phrases for giving and asking directions in Japanese, including the basic cardinal directions for reading the map. When you ask Chikatetsu no eki wa doko desu ka. (“Where is the subway station?”), you should now be able to understand someone’s reply while giving directions in Japanese: Chikatetsu no eki e wa kono michi o massugu susumimasu. (“Go straight on this road to the subway station”).
I hope you enjoy getting around in Japan smoothly after learning directions in Japanese here!
Are there any phrases or direction vocabulary in Japanese you still want to know? Leave your comments and let us know; we look forward to hearing from you!
If you would like to learn more about the Japanese language and other useful Japanese phrases for various situations, you’ll find a lot more helpful content on JapanesePod101.com. We provide a variety of free lessons for you to improve your Japanese language skills. For example, here’s some more information about directions in Japanese with audio: Direction Words, Kanji for Direction and Position, and Position / Direction.
To learn how to make conversations in Japanese, check out Top 15 Questions You Should Know for Conversations and Top 10 Conversational Phrases. Survival Words & Phrases for Your Next Trip to Japan, Traveling, and Top 30 Travel Phrases You Should Know are also useful if plan on traveling to Japan.
There’s still so much more! Learn faster and enjoy studying Japanese at JapanesePod101.com!
