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Advanced Japanese Lesson:お足(o-ashi)

今、あなたの財布にはいくらお金が入っていますか?

給料やこづかいをもらって財布に入れておいたはずなのに、いつの間に遣ったのか気づくと残りのお金が少なくなっていた…こんな経験を誰もが味わったことがあるのではないでしょうか?

お金はまるで生き物のように、足でも生えていて勝手に出て行ってしまうようです。

今から約500年前、日本ではお金のことを「おあし(お足)」と呼ぶようになりました。室町時代、天皇や皇族に仕える女房(読み方は「にょうぼう」、召使いの意味。現在の「妻」を意味する「女房」とは異なる)が、直接そのものを指すことばを避け、上品に言い換えたり省略したりして使っていたことばの中に、この「おあし」があります。

他には、水のことを「おひや」と言ったり、豆腐のことを「おかべ」と表わしたりしていた、とのこと。それらの用語は食物や衣服、日常品に及び、「優雅なことば」「上流階級のことば」として一般の女性の間にも流行し、一部は男性にまで広がりを見せたそうです。

「足が出る」という慣用句は、「予算や収入に比べて支出の方が多くて赤字になる」という意味ですが、これはおあし(お金)が決められている枠を出てしまうから使われるようになった表現ですね。

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How much money is there in your wallet right now?

You get your salary or your pocket money and you were sure you put it in your wallet… but suddenly you notice: there’s only a little of it left! Surely everyone’s had this kind of experience?

Money is like a living thing that grows legs and runs away by itself!

In Japan about five hundred years ago, money came to be called お足 (おあし, or ‘legs’). In the Muromachi period, there were so-called 女房(にょうぼう), or “court ladies” who served the Emperor and the Imperial Family. The word means “servant” or “menial worker”. It is read as “nyoubou” but it’s different from 女房 which is the equivalent of the modern-day word 妻 (つま) to mean “wife”. This お足 is in the group of words which were used as a way of avoiding referring directly to a thing in order to express something more elegantly or say something in more succinct terms.

Apart from these, we can see that water was called お冷 (おひや, literally cold)while tofu was referred to as おかべ (literally the wall).

These terms, used to refer to food and clothing as well as other such daily necessities seem to have become fashionable amongst ordinary women as ‘elegant words’ or ‘words used by the upper classes’, some even beginning to be used by men.

The idiom 足が出る (literally legs going out) means one’s expenditure is greater than one’s budget or income, and therefore one goes into the red. This came from the expression meaning that ‘legs’, or money, walks outside the borders or limits one has set for it.