Learn how to offer a strong suggestion or give advice
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner Series - Season 5, Lesson 5. You should do what this person says in Japanese. Now, in this lesson you will learn some useful phrases for asking and giving advice or suggestions. |
| Naomi: Right, such as 〜た方がいいです (-ta hō ga ii desu). |
| Peter: Should. |
| Naomi: And 〜ない方がいいです (-nai hō ga ii desu). |
| Peter: Should not. Now, this conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: 病院 (byōin) |
| Peter: A hospital. The conversation is between? |
| Naomi: お医者さんと下山新さん (o-isha-san to Shimoyama Shin-san) |
| Peter: A doctor and Shin Shimoyama. |
| Naomi: 下山さんは体調がよくないです。(Shimoyama-san wa taichō ga yokunai desu.) |
| Peter: Shin is not feeling well. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: What is the formality level of this conversation? |
| Naomi: ていねい (teinei) |
| Peter: Formal. Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (病院) (byōin) |
| 医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…) |
| 医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです！(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!) |
| 医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.) |
| : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.) |
| 医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| : 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…) |
| 医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです！(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!) |
| 医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.) |
| : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.) |
| 医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| : 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| It's possibly influenza. |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| You should take a few days off work. |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…) |
| But I have to go on a business trip next week... |
| 医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.) |
| That's probably going to be impossible. |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです！(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!) |
| It's a very important task! |
| 医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.) |
| Hmm. Well then, please take this medicine morning, afternoon, and evening, three times a day, after eating. |
| 医者 (isha) : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.) |
| And you cannot take any baths. |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.) |
| Am I allowed to take showers? |
| 医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| It's better not to take any showers. |
| 医者 (isha) : 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.) |
| Please go home immediately and sleep. |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.) |
| All right. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: インフルエンザ・・・こわいですね。(Infuruenza… kowai desu ne.) |
| Peter: こわいですね。(Kowai desu ne.) It’s pretty scary. |
| Naomi: Hm. |
| Peter: 今年何でしたっけ。(Kotoshi nan deshita kke?) This year, what was it? |
| Naomi: Ah! the new one, 新型インフルエンザ (shingata infuruenza). |
| Peter: The new type of flu. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Right. |
| Peter: And in English we call that, the swine flu. |
| Naomi: Ahh! |
| Peter: So it's a very big difference between the two words in their respective languages. |
| Naomi: Right, but we used to call it 豚インフルエンザ (buta infuruenza). But from a certain point they changed the name. |
| Peter: And then we have? |
| Naomi: 新型インフルエンザ。日本は１１月から３月くらいはインフルエンザのシーズンなんですね。(Shingata infuruenza. Nihon wa jū ichi-gatsu kara san-gatsu kurai wa infuruenza no shīzun nan desu ne.) |
| Peter: So in Japan, the flu goes around from November to March. So if you're planning to visit Japan during that season, be careful. |
| Naomi: そう！気をつけてくださいね。マスクを忘れずに。(Sō! Ki o tsukete kudasai ne. Masuku o wasurezu ni.) |
| Peter: Don’t forget your surgical mask . |
| Naomi: ピーターさんは最近インフルエンザになりましたか。(Pītā-san wa saikin infuruenza ni narimashita ka.) |
| Peter: 言わないでください！(Iwanaide kudasai!) Like, don’t jinx me. 今年なっていません。(Kotoshi natte imasen.) So I haven't gotten the flu this year, knock on wood. |
| Naomi: あ～、そうですか。じゃ、気をつけてください！みなさんも、インフルエンザに気をつけてください。(Ā, sō desu ka. Ja, ki o tsukete kudasai! Mina-san mo, infuruenza ni ki o tsukete kudasai.) |
| Peter: So please be careful of the flu. Okay Naomi-sensei, let's take a look at the vocabulary of this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| First word: |
| 出張 (shucchō) [natural native speed] |
| business trip |
| 出張 (shucchō) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 出張 (shucchō) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 回 (kai) [natural native speed] |
| counter for an occurrence |
| 回 (kai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 回 (kai) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| お風呂 (o-furo) [natural native speed] |
| bath |
| お風呂 (o-furo) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| お風呂 (o-furo) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| シャワー (shawā) [natural native speed] |
| shower |
| シャワー (shawā) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| シャワー (shawā) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 浴びる (abiru) [natural native speed] |
| to shower, to bathe |
| 浴びる (abiru) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 浴びる (abiru) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Ok. Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.Naomi-sensei, What's the first word that we are going to look at? |
| Naomi: お風呂 (o-furo) |
| Peter: Bath. Now, actually, 風呂 (furo) is bath and the 'o' in the front of it is the honorific prefix 'o'. |
| Naomi: Right. You can either say 風呂 (furo) or お風呂 (o-furo). |
| Peter: How do you say “to take a bath”? |
| Naomi: お風呂に入る。(O-furo ni hairu.) に (ni) marks the direction or destination and 入る (hairu) means to enter. |
| Peter: So literally, it's “to enter a bath”. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 |
| Peter: What's the next word? |
| Naomi: シャワー (shawā) |
| Peter: shower. How do you say “to take a shower”? |
| Naomi: シャワーを浴びる。(Shawā o abiru.) を (o) is an object marker and 浴びる (abiru) is “to shower”, “to bathe”, “to receive” or “to get”. |
| Peter: Now, you don't say お風呂を浴びる (o-furo o abiru) or シャワーに入る (shawā ni hairu). |
| Naomi: Hmm, Well... it doesn't sound natural to me. |
| Peter: In English, we use the same verb “to take” for bath and shower, but in Japanese, “To bathe” is |
| Naomi: お風呂に入る。(O-furo ni hairu.) |
| Peter: And to take a shower is |
| Naomi: シャワーを浴びる。 ピーターさんはシャワーとお風呂とどちらが好きですか。(Shawā o abiru. Pītā-san wa shawā to o-furo to dochira ga suki desu ka.) |
| Peter: So which do I prefer, taking a shower or taking a bath? そうですね…。(Sō desu ne…) |
| Naomi: You don't like either? |
| Peter: 面白いな。(Omoshiroi na.) That was good! Well, uh… やっぱり時間があれば、お風呂の方が好きですね。(Yappari jikan ga areba, o-furo no hō ga suki desu ne.) |
| Naomi: うん、なるほどね。(Un, naruhodo ne.) |
| Peter: Like if I have time, I like a bath better. A couple of quick things about the process in Japan, a very interesting question, well, I am an American and usually in the US, we shower, everything is a shower - very quick shower. But in Japan, お風呂に入る (o-furo ni hairu), it's kind of like you are going to take a shower too. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: Because, before you enter the bath or bath water, you shower your body. The Japanese have a one unit bathroom and they have a shower handle you bathe your body, and then you go into the water. So it's a trick question, if you say お風呂に入る (o-furo ni hairu), it's a kind of like you are doing both. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) You’re right. |
| Peter: Okay, now, back to the shower. Now this is just me… 夏は、一日二回シャワーをあびます。(Natsu wa, ichi-nichi ni-kai shawā o abimasu.) |
| Naomi: Ah... |
| Peter: So in the summer time, I shower twice. |
| Naomi: 一日二回。(Ichi-nichi ni-kai.) That's our next phrase. |
| Peter: Now you can express how often something happens by the phrase, time duration, number plus ＋回 (kai). |
| Naomi: 回 (kai) is a counter for time. For example, 一回 (ikkai) |
| Peter: Once. |
| Naomi: 二回 (ni-kai) |
| Peter: Twice. |
| Naomi: 三回 (san-kai) |
| Peter: Three times. Okay? Now, for example, if you want to say once a day, say the time duration first… in this case “a day,” |
| Naomi: いちにち (ichi-nichi) |
| Peter: And number plus 回 (kai) |
| Naomi: いっかい。一日一回 (ikkai. Ichi-nichi ikkai) |
| Peter: Once a day. |
| Naomi: 一日二回 (ichi-nichi ni-kai) |
| Peter: Twice a day. |
| Naomi: 一日三回 (ichi-nichi san-kai) |
| Peter: Three times a day. Now, how do you say once a week, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: A week is 一週間 (isshū-kan), so... 一週間に一回 (isshū-kan ni ikkai) |
| Peter: Once a week. |
| Naomi: 一週間に二回 (isshū-kan ni ni-kai) |
| Peter: Twice a week. |
| Naomi: 一週間に三回 (isshū-kan ni san-kai) |
| Peter: Three times a week. |
| Naomi: So, Peter-san…ピーターさんはよくアメリカに帰りますか。(Pītā-san wa yoku Amerika ni kaerimasu ka.) Do you often go back to the States? |
| Peter: そうですね。うん、最近あまり帰らないですね。(Sō desu ne. Un, saikin amari kaeranai desu ne.) So these days I don't really go back. でも年に一回帰りますよ。(Demo nen ni ikkai kaerimasu yo.) |
| Naomi: あ～、そうですか。(Ā, sō desu ka.) Once a year. |
| Peter: Okay, on to the focus point of this lesson.. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll learn useful phrases for asking and giving advice. You will also learn how to say that you have to do something. |
| Naomi: The first phrase we're going to cover is ～た方がいい (-ta hō ga ii). |
| Peter: “Should”. Can we hear the sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure. しばらく、会社を休んだ方がいいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.) |
| Peter: You should take a few days off work. |
| Now 〜方がいい (-hō gaii) is a phrase that attaches to the informal past form (the ta-form) of a verb and expresses a strong suggestion. It's equivalent to “should do”. Naomi-sensei, to make this phrase polite, we simply add です (desu) to the end of it, right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. |
| Peter: Let's illustrate it with some examples. How do you say to exercise? |
| Naomi: 運動する (undō suru) |
| Peter: The corresponding ta form or informal past form is? |
| Naomi: 運動した (undō shita) |
| Peter: We add 方がいい (hō ga ii). So we have... |
| Naomi: 運動した方がいい (undō shita hō ga ii) |
| Peter: You should exercise. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) If you want to say “You shouldn't”, attach 方がいい (hō ga ii) to the nai form of a verb. |
| Peter: So, the nai form or informal negative form of 運動する (undō suru) to exercise is... |
| Naomi: 運動しない (undō shinai) |
| Peter: And add 方がいい (hō ga ii). So “you shouldn't exercise” is… |
| Naomi: 運動しない方がいい (undō shinai hō ga ii) |
| Peter: To sum it up, [ta-form of a verb] plus 方がいい (hō ga ii) is “should”. |
| [Nai-form of a verb] plus 方がいい (hō ga ii) is “shouldn't”. |
| Naomi: The next phrase we're looking at is 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai). |
| Peter: Can you read the sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure. 出張に行かなくてはいけない。(Shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai.) |
| Peter: I have to go on a business trip. |
| Naomi: 出張 (shucchō) is? |
| Peter: Business trip. |
| Naomi: So 出張に行く (shucchō ni iku) is? |
| Peter: To go on a business trip. And 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) is |
| Peter: have to. The first part, なくては (nakute wa), means “If you don't do...” and the latter half, いけない (ikenai), means “you can't go.” |
| Naomi: うん。(Un.) |
| Peter: So this phrase 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) literally means “If you don't do..., you can't go”, or “You can't go without doing ...” and it expresses a sense of duty or obligation. It corresponds to the auxiliary verb “must” or “have to” in English. |
| Naomi: The formation is a bit complicated so we recommend that you read the lesson notes. |
| Peter: Now let us briefly explain the formation here though. First, you need to change the verb into the nai form. For example, 行く (iku) is to go. Naomi-sensei, the nai-form is.. |
| Naomi: 行かない (ikanai) |
| Peter: Second, omit the final ない (nai) |
| Naomi: 行かない (ikanai) becomes いか (ika) |
| Peter: To that attach なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai). So we get |
| Naomi: いか なくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai) so 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai) |
| Here's a sample sentence. 日曜日、会社に行かなくてはいけない。(Nichi-yōbi, kaisha ni ikanakute wa ikenai.) |
| Peter: I have to go to work this Sunday. |
| Naomi: If you want to say “I have to get up early”… To get up is 起きる (okiru). |
| Peter: Have to get up is… |
| Naomi: 起きなくてはいけない (okinakute wa ikenai) |
| Peter: Early is 早く (hayaku), so… |
| Naomi: 早く起きなくてはいけない (hayaku okinakute wa ikenai) |
| Peter: I have to get up early. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: ちゃ (cha) is used in a casual situation, right? |
| Naomi: あ～、そうですね！(Ā, sō desu ne.) Good point. Like 早く起きなくちゃ (hayaku okinakucha.) Such and such てはいけない (te wa ikenai) is replaced with ちゃ (cha). This is a colloquial expression though. |
| 会社に行かなくちゃ (kaisha ni ikanakucha) or 早く起きなくちゃ (hayaku okinakucha) |
| Peter: The whole なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai) is like “have to” and ちゃ (cha), the contracted version is something like “gotta”. |
| Naomi: あ～、そうね。(Ā, sō ne.) Exactly. 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai) is like “I have to go” and 行かなくちゃ (ikanakucha) is like “I've gotta go” |
| Peter: I think that's a great way to sum it up. Okay, that's all we have for this lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また！(Ja, mata!) |
| Peter: See you next lesson. |
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