Learn how to offer a strong suggestion or give advice
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです！ |
| Peter: Peter here! Beginner Series - Season 5, Lesson 5. You should do what this person says in Japanese. Now, in this lesson you will learn some useful phrases for asking and giving advice or suggestions. |
| Naomi: Right! such as -たほうがいいです |
| Peter: Should. |
| Naomi: And -ないほうがいいです |
| Peter: Should not. Now, this conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: 病院 |
| Peter: A hospital. The conversation is between? |
| Naomi: お医者さんと下山新さん |
| Peter: A doctor and Shin Shimoyama. |
| Naomi: 下山さんは体調がよくないです。 |
| Peter: Shin is not feeling well. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: What is the formality level of this conversation? |
| Naomi: ていねい |
| Peter: Formal. Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (病院) |
| 医者: インフルエンザかもしれませんね。 |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。 |
| 下山 新: 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。 |
| 医者: 無理かもしれませんね。 |
| 下山 新: とても 大事な 仕事なんです！ |
| 医者: うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。 |
| : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。 |
| 下山 新: シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。 |
| 医者: シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。 |
| : 早く 帰って ねてください。 |
| 下山 新: わかりました。 |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくり、お願いします。 |
| 医者: インフルエンザかもしれませんね。 |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。 |
| 下山 新: 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。 |
| 医者: 無理かもしれませんね。 |
| 下山 新: とても 大事な 仕事なんです！ |
| 医者: うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。 |
| : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。 |
| 下山 新: シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。 |
| 医者: シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。 |
| : 早く 帰って ねてください。 |
| 下山 新: わかりました。 |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。 |
| 医者: インフルエンザかもしれませんね。 |
| Lady: It's possibly influenza. |
| : しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。 |
| Lady: You should take a few days off work. |
| 下山 新: 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。 |
| Lady: But I have to go on a business trip next week... |
| 医者: 無理かもしれませんね。 |
| Lady: That's probably going to be impossible. |
| 下山 新: とても 大事な 仕事なんです！ |
| Lady: It's a very important task! |
| 医者: うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。 |
| Lady: Hmm. Well then, please take this medicine morning, afternoon, and evening, three times a day, after eating. |
| 医者: それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。 |
| Lady: And you cannot take any baths. |
| 下山 新: シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。 |
| Lady: Am I allowed to take showers? |
| 医者: シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。 |
| Lady: It's better not to take any showers. |
| 医者: 早く 帰って ねてください。 |
| Lady: Please go home immediately and sleep. |
| 下山 新: わかりました。 |
| Lady: All right. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: インフルエンザ・・・こわいですね。 |
| Peter: こわいですね。It’s pretty scary. |
| Naomi: Hm. |
| Peter: 今年何でしたっけ。 This year, what was it? |
| Naomi: Ah! the new one. 新型インフルエンザ |
| Peter: The new type of flu. |
| Naomi: そうです、 right. |
| Peter: And in English we call that, the swine flu. |
| Naomi: Ahh~! |
| Peter: So its a very big difference between the two words in their respective languages. |
| Naomi: Right, but we used to call it 豚インフルエンザ. But from a certain point they changed the name. |
| Peter: And then we have? |
| Naomi: 新型インフルエンザ. 日本は１１月から３月くらいはインフルエンザのシーズンなんですね。 |
| Peter: So in Japan, the flu goes around from November to March. So if you're planning to visit Japan during that season, be careful. |
| Naomi: そう！気をつけてくださいね。マスクを忘れずに。 |
| Peter: Don’t forget your surgical mask . |
| Naomi: ピーターさんは最近インフルエンザになりましたか？ |
| Peter: 言わないでください！ Like, Don’t jinx me. 今年なっていません。 So I haven't gotten the flu this year, knock on wood. |
| Naomi: あ～そうですか。じゃ、気をつけてください！みなさんも、インフルエンザに気をつけてください。 |
| Peter: So please be careful of the flu. Okay Naomi-sensei, let's take a look at the vocabulary of this lesson. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| First word: |
| 出張 [natural native speed] |
| business trip |
| 出張 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 出張 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 回 [natural native speed] |
| counter for an occurrence |
| 回 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 回 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| お風呂 [natural native speed] |
| bath |
| お風呂 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| お風呂 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| シャワー [natural native speed] |
| shower |
| シャワー [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| シャワー [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 浴びる [natural native speed] |
| to shower, to bathe |
| 浴びる [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 浴びる [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Ok. Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi-sensei, What's the first word that we are going to look at? |
| Naomi: お風呂 |
| Peter: Bath. Now, actually, ふろ is bath and the 'o' in the front of it is the honorific prefix 'o'. |
| Naomi: Right. You can either say 風呂 or お風呂. |
| Peter: How do you say “to take a bath”? |
| Naomi: お風呂に入る。に marks the direction or destination and 入る means to enter. |
| Peter: So literally, it's “to enter a bath”. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 |
| Peter: What's the next word? |
| Naomi: シャワー |
| Peter: shower. How do you say “to take a shower”? |
| Naomi: シャワーを浴びる ... を is an object marker and 浴びる is “to shower”, “to bathe”, “to receive” or “to get”. |
| Peter: Now, you don't say お風呂を浴びる or シャワーに入る。 |
| Naomi: Hmm, Well... it doesn't sound natural to me. |
| Peter: In English, we use the same verb “to take” for bath and shower, but in Japanese, “To bathe” is |
| Naomi: お風呂に入る |
| Peter: And to take a shower is |
| Naomi: シャワーを浴びる。 ピーターさんはシャワーとお風呂とどちらが好きですか。 |
| Peter: So which do I prefer, taking a shower or taking a bath? そうですね… |
| Naomi: You don't like either? |
| Peter: 面白いな…that was good! Well, uh, やっぱり時間があれば、お風呂の方が好きですね。 |
| Naomi: Mm、なるほどね。 |
| Peter: Like if I have time, I like a bath better. A couple of quick things about the process in Japan, a very interesting question, well, I am an American and usually in the US, we shower, everything is a shower - very quick shower. But in Japan, お風呂に入る… it's kind of like you are going to take a shower too. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: Because, before you enter the bath or bath water, you shower your body. The Japanese have a one unit bathroom and they have a shower handle you bathe your body, and then you go into the water. So its a trick question, if you say お風呂に入る, its a kind of like you are doing both. |
| Naomi: そうですね。You’re right. |
| Peter: Okay, now, back to the shower. Now this is just me… 夏は、一日二回シャワーをあびます。 |
| Naomi: Ah... |
| Peter: So in the summer time, I shower twice. |
| Naomi: 一日二回...That's our next phrase. |
| Peter: Now you can express how often something happens by the phrase, time duration, number plus ＋回. |
| Naomi: 回 is a counter for time. For example 一回 |
| Peter: Once |
| Naomi: 二回 |
| Peter: Twice |
| Naomi: 三回 |
| Peter: Three times. Okay? Now, for example, if you want to say once a day, say the time duration first ...in this case “a day” |
| Naomi: いちにち |
| Peter: And number plus回 |
| Naomi: いっかい。一日一回 |
| Peter: Once a day. |
| Naomi: 一日二回 |
| Peter: Twice a day |
| Naomi: 一日三回 |
| Peter: Three times a day. Now, how do you say once a week, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: A week is 一週間 So... 一週間に一回 |
| Peter: Once a week |
| Naomi: 一週間に二回 |
| Peter: Twice a week |
| Naomi: 一週間に三回 |
| Peter: three times a week |
| Naomi: So, Peter-san…ピーターさんはよくアメリカに帰りますか？ Do you often go back to the States? |
| Peter: そうですね。Hmm. 最近あまり帰らないですね。So these days I don't really go back. でも年に一回帰りますよ。 |
| Naomi: あ～そうですか。Once a year. |
| Peter: Okay, on to the focus point of this lesson.. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll learn useful phrases for asking and giving advice. You will also learn how to say that you have to do something. |
| Naomi: The first phrase we're going to cover is ～たほうがいい . |
| Peter: “Should”. Can we hear the sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure, しばらく、会社を休んだ方がいいですね。 |
| Peter: “You should take a few days off work.” |
| Now ほうがいい is a phrase that attaches to the informal past form (the “ta” form) of a verb and expresses a strong suggestion. It's equivalent to “should do”. Naomi-sensei, to make this phrase polite, we simply add です to the end of it., right? |
| Naomi: そうですね。Right. |
| Peter: Let's illustrate it with some examples. How do you say “To exercise”? |
| Naomi: 運動する |
| Peter: The corresponding ta form or informal past form is? |
| Naomi: 運動した |
| Peter: We add ほうがいい. So we have... |
| Naomi: 運動したほうがいい |
| Peter: ”You should exercise.” |
| Naomi: そうですね。 If you want to say “You shouldn't”, attach ほうがいい to the nai form of a verb. |
| Peter: So, the nai form or informal negative form of 運動する to exercise is... |
| Naomi: 運動しない |
| Peter: And add ほうがいい. So “you shouldn't exercise” is.. |
| Naomi: 運動しない方がいい |
| Peter: To sum it up, [ ta form of a verb ] plus ほうがいい is “should”. |
| [Nai form of a verb] plus ほうがいい is “shouldn't”. |
| Naomi: The next phrase we're looking at is なくてはいけない |
| Peter: Can you read the sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure. 出張に行かなくてはいけない。 |
| Peter: I have to go on a business trip |
| Naomi: 出張 is? |
| Peter: Business trip. |
| Naomi: So 出張に行く is? |
| Peter: “to go on a business trip” |
| Peter: And なくてはいけない is |
| Peter: “have to...” The first part, なくては, means “If you don't do...” and the latter half, いけない, means “you can't go.” |
| Naomi. うん。 |
| Peter: So this phrase なくてはいけない literally means “If you don't do..., you can't go”, or “You can't go without doing ...” and it expresses a sense of duty or obligation. It corresponds to the auxiliary verb “must” or “have to” in English. |
| Naomi: The formation is a bit complicated so we recommend that you read the lesson notes. |
| Peter: Now let us briefly explain the formation here though. First, you need to change the verb into the nai form. For example, 行く is to go. Naomi-sensei, the nai form is.. |
| Naomi: 行かない |
| Peter: Second, omit the final nai |
| Naomi: 行かない becomes “いか” |
| Peter: To that attach なくてはいけない. So we get |
| Naomi: いか なくてはいけない so いかなくてはいけない。 |
| Here's a sample sentence.日曜日、会社に行かなくてはいけない。 |
| Peter: I have to go to work this Sunday. |
| Naomi: If you want to say “I have to get up early”… To get up is 起きる |
| Peter: Have to get up is.. |
| Naomi: 起き なくてはいけない. |
| Peter: Early is はやく So |
| Naomi: 早く起きなくてはいけない |
| Peter: I have to get up early. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: ちゃ is used in a casual situation, right? |
| Naomi: あ～そうですね！ Good point. Like 早く起きなくちゃ。 Such and such てはいけない is replaced with ちゃ. This is a colloquial expression though. |
| 会社に行かなくちゃ or はやくおきなくちゃ |
| Peter: The whole なくてはいけない. is like “Have to” and ちゃ, the contracted version is something like “gotta”. |
| Naomi: あ～そうね。Exactly. 行かなくてはいけない is like “I have to go” and 行かなくちゃ is like “I've gotta go” |
| Peter: I think that's a great way to sum it up. Okay, that's all we have for this lesson. |
| Naomi: じゃまた！ |
| Peter: See you next lesson. |
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