Learn about the usage of -o miawaseru/toriyameru and -to iu in Japanese
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Tomoyuki: ใใใซใกใฏใใขใฆใญใงใใ |
| Jessi: Jessi here. Upper Beginner Season 1, Lesson 20, Be Careful During Train Emergency Stops in Japan. |
| Tomoyuki: ใใใซใกใฏใ็ใใใใใใฐใฃใฆๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: ไปๅใฎใขใใฆใณในใฏใใฉใใชใขใใฆใณในใงใใ๏ผ What kind of announcement are we going to hear in this lesson? |
| Tomoyuki: ้ป่ปใฎไธญใฎใขใใฆใณในใงใใ |
| Jessi: We'll hear an announcement on a train. |
| Tomoyuki: ็นใซใใใฉใใซใใใฃใใจใใฎใขใใฆใณในใงใใ |
| Jessi: It's an announcement letting the passengers know about a problem that has occurred. |
| Tomoyuki: ใฉใใชใใฉใใซใใใฃใใฎใงใใใใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: Please listen to the dialogue and find out what is happening. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Announce1: ๆฌกใฏๆจชๆตใๆจชโฆโฆ |
| (PiPiPi) |
| Announce2: ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใ |
| ๆญขใพใ้ใๆบใใพใใฎใงใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| Yuna: ใใฃใจใฃใจใ |
| Conductor: ๅๆญขไฟกๅทใงใใๅๅ ใ่ชฟในใฆใใใพใใ |
| ใใผใใใ ไปใไบบใ็ท่ทฏใๆญฉใใฆใใใจใใ้ฃ็ตกใๅ ฅใใพใใใ |
| ใใฎใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| ็นฐใ่ฟใใพใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใใฐใใใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใใ |
| Yuna: ใใผใใใผใใซ้ ๅปใใกใใโฆโฆใใใคใใซใกใผใซใใชใใฃใกใใ |
| ๏ฝข้ป่ปใๆญขใพใฃใกใใฃใใใใๅฐใ้ ๅปใใใ้ง ๅใฎในใฟใใงๅพ ใฃใฆใฆ๏ฝฃ |
| Jessi: Now listen to the dialogue once without sound effects. |
| Announce1: ๆฌกใฏๆจชๆตใๆจชโฆโฆ |
| Announce2: ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใ |
| ๆญขใพใ้ใๆบใใพใใฎใงใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| Yuna: ใใฃใจใฃใจใ |
| Conductor: ๅๆญขไฟกๅทใงใใๅๅ ใ่ชฟในใฆใใใพใใ |
| ใใผใใใ ไปใไบบใ็ท่ทฏใๆญฉใใฆใใใจใใ้ฃ็ตกใๅ ฅใใพใใใ |
| ใใฎใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| ็นฐใ่ฟใใพใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใใฐใใใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใใ |
| Yuna: ใใผใใใผใใซ้ ๅปใใกใใโฆโฆใใใคใใซใกใผใซใใชใใฃใกใใ |
| ๏ฝข้ป่ปใๆญขใพใฃใกใใฃใใใใๅฐใ้ ๅปใใใ้ง ๅใฎในใฟใใงๅพ ใฃใฆใฆ๏ฝฃ |
| Jessi: Now listen to the dialogue with the English translation. |
| Announce1: ๆฌกใฏๆจชๆตใๆจชโฆโฆ |
| Jessi: Next is Yokohama, Yoko... |
| Announce2: ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: We are making an emergency stop. |
| Announce2: ๆญขใพใ้ใๆบใใพใใฎใงใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: On stopping, the train will rock, so please take care. |
| Announce2: ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: We are making an emergency stop. Please take care. |
| Yuna: ใใฃใจใฃใจใ |
| Jessi: Whoa. |
| Conductor: ๅๆญขไฟกๅทใงใใๅๅ ใ่ชฟในใฆใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: There is a stop signal... We are investigating the cause. |
| Conductor: ใใผใใใ ไปใไบบใ็ท่ทฏใๆญฉใใฆใใใจใใ้ฃ็ตกใๅ ฅใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: Uh, we have just received a communication that a person is walking on the tracks. |
| Conductor: ใใฎใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Due to this, this train's operation will be temporarily suspended. |
| Conductor: ็นฐใ่ฟใใพใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใใฐใใใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: We repeat. We are stopping the operation of this train for a while. |
| Yuna: ใใผใใใผใใซ้ ๅปใใกใใโฆโฆใใใคใใซใกใผใซใใชใใฃใกใใ |
| Jessi: Huh? I'm gonna be late for my date... I have to mail Daichi. |
| Yuna: ๏ฝข้ป่ปใๆญขใพใฃใกใใฃใใใใๅฐใ้ ๅปใใ๏ฝฃ |
| Jessi: "The train's stopped, so I'll be a little bit late." |
| Yuna: ใ้ง ๅใฎในใฟใใงๅพ ใฃใฆใฆใ |
| Jessi: โWait for me at the Starbucks in front of the station.โ |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Jessi: ็ท่ทฏใฎไธใใไบบใๆญฉใใฆใใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Tomoyuki: ใฏใ(็ฌ) |
| Jessi: So a person is walking on a railway tracks?(็ฌ) |
| Tomoyuki: (็ฌ)ใฏใใใจใใฉใใใใใงใใใญใผใๆฌๅฝใซๅฐใใพใใIt sometimes happens. |
| Jessi: ใงใใ็ท่ทฏใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใฏใใกใงใใใญ๏ผ Obviously you're not supposed to be on the railway tracks... |
| Tomoyuki: (็ฌ)ใใกใใใใกใงใใ็ตถๅฏพใซใใกใงใใ |
| Jessi: ใฏใใ |
| Tomoyuki: ๅฑใชใใงใใใๆใพใใพใใฎใงใ |
| Jessi: It's dangerous and you'll be arrested if you if you go onto the railway tracks. |
| But...what if you drop something on the tracks? |
| Tomoyuki: ใฏใใใใฎใจใใฏใ้ง ๅกใใใซ่จใฃใฆใๅใฃใฆใใใฃใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: In that case, you should let a station attendant know, and have him/her get it for you. |
| ๅใใใพใใใใจใใใงใในใฟใใฏ โStarbucksโ ใงใใญใ |
| Tomoyuki: ใฏใใ |
| Jessi: โในใฟใโ is the abbreviation of sutฤbakkusu, or Starbucks (Coffee shop). |
| Tomoyuki: ใใใงใใญใๆฅๆฌไบบใซใฏ่ฑ่ชใฎๅๅใฏ้ฃใใใฎใงใใใ็ญใใใพใใญใ |
| Jessi: Umm.English names can be difficult for Japanese people, so they often get shortened. Ah, I know another one. โใใใฏโ for McDonald's |
| Tomoyuki: ใฏใใๆฑไบฌใฎไบบใฏใใใใฏใใจๅผใณใพใใญใYeah, people in Tokyo calls McDonald's โใใใฏโ. |
| I used to live in Kyoto, people there call McDonald's โใใฏใโ. |
| Jessi: ใใฏใ๏ผ ใธใ๏ผ So the nickname changes depending on the area. Interesting! |
| Okay, on to the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is |
| Tomoyuki: ๅๆญข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: suspension, stop, halt |
| Tomoyuki: ๅๆญข [slowly - broken down by syllable]ใๅๆญข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: ็ทๆฅ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: urgent, pressing, emergency |
| Tomoyuki: ็ทๆฅ [slowly - broken down by syllable]ใ็ทๆฅ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: ไธๆ(ใใกใ) [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: for a while, temporarily, for the time being |
| Tomoyuki: ไธๆ [slowly - broken down by syllable]ใไธๆ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: Next word is |
| Tomoyuki: ่ฆๅใใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: postpone, suspend, stop temporarily; V2 |
| Tomoyuki: ่ฆๅใใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable]ใ่ฆๅใใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The last word is |
| Tomoyuki: ๅใใใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to cancel, to call off |
| Tomoyuki: ๅใใใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable]ใๅใใใใ [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jessi: Let's take a closer look at the usage of some words and phrases from this lesson. |
| ๆๅใฎ่จ่ใฏ๏ผWhat's the first word we're looking at? |
| Tomoyuki: ๅๆญข |
| Jessi: It's a noun that means "stop". |
| Tomoyuki: ๆญขใพใใใจใๆญขใใใใจใงใใญใIf you add ใใใ or ใใ, it will become a verb. |
| Jessi: Right. ๅๆญขใใใ or ๅๆญขใใ means "to stop" |
| In this lesson's dialogue, there are two compound words that contain "teishi" right? |
| Tomoyuki: Right. ็ทๆฅๅๆญข |
| Jessi: ็ทๆฅ means "emergency" So...็ทๆฅๅๆญข means "emergency halt or emergency stop". |
| Tomoyuki: And we have โๅๆญขไฟกๅทโ. |
| Jessi: ไฟกๅท means "signal", so....ๅๆญขไฟกๅท means "stop signal" |
| Tomoyuki: Right.ใใใใฏใคใบใใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: Let's recap with a quiz. Listeners, how do you say "emergency stop"? |
| Tomoyuki: Here are some hints. Emergency is ็ทๆฅ, and Stop is ๅๆญข. So... |
| Jessi: (wait for 5 sec) Tomoyuki, the answer is? |
| Tomoyuki: ็ทๆฅๅๆญข |
| Jessi: ็ทๆฅๅๆญข, emergency stop. OK. Next one. Listeners, say "stop signal". |
| Tomoyuki: Here's a hint. Signal is โไฟกๅทโ. |
| Jessi: (wait for 5 sec) Alright, and the answer is? |
| Tomoyuki: ๅๆญขไฟกๅท |
| Jessi: Ok, great! Now let's move on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: The focus of this lesson is listening to an announcement on a train. |
| In this grammar section, you'll learn how to inform people that something is going to be postponed or called off in a formal situation. |
| Tomoyuki: Right. You'll learn two sentence structures using โ่ฆๅใใใพใโ and โๅใใใใพใโ. |
| In the dialogue, the announcement saidโฆโใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใโ. |
| Jessi: "This train's operation will be temporarily suspended." |
| Tomoyuki: ใใฎใ่ฆๅใใใพใใใใใใคใณใใงใใญใThe dictionary form of โ่ฆๅใใใพใโ is โ่ฆๅใใใโ. |
| Jessi: OK. Let's explain the verb โ่ฆๅใใใโ. |
| The verb โ่ฆๅใใใโ originally means "to look each other" or "to exchange looks," but it also means "to refrain from doing something". |
| Tomoyuki: ใฏใใใ่ฆๅใใใใใฏใไธญๆญขใใใ(Jessi: to cancel) ใใๆญขใใใ(Jessi: to call off)ใจๅใๆๅณใงใใใงใใๅฐใindirect ใช่จใๆนใงใใญใโ่ฆๅใใใโ is a roundabout way to say "to call off". |
| Jessi: Since โ่ฆๅใใใโ sounds more indirect than "ไธญๆญขใใ" or "ใใใ", it sounds formal, and is preferred in formal speech like announcements. |
| Tomoyuki: The sentence structure is [Something] ใ่ฆๅใใใ. |
| Jessi: This means "We will cancel or stop something." |
| Let's show you with some examples. Tomoyuki, how do you say "marriage" |
| Tomoyuki: ็ตๅฉ |
| Jessi: To that, attach ใ ่ฆๅใใใ |
| Tomoyuki: ็ตๅฉใ่ฆๅใใใใ |
| Jessi: "To call off the marriage" |
| Let's do one more, how do you say "trip" or "travel"? |
| Tomoyuki: ๆ ่ก |
| Jessi: How do you say "to cancel the trip"? |
| Tomoyuki: ๆ ่กใ่ฆๅใใใใ |
| Here's a sample sentence. ๅฐ้ใใใฃใใฎใงใๆ ่กใ่ฆๅใใใใ |
| Jessi: "We canceled our trip since there was an earthquake." Listeners, listen and repeat after Tomoyuki. "We canceled our trip since there was an earthquake." |
| Tomoyuki: ๅฐ้ใใใฃใใฎใงใๆ ่กใ่ฆๅใใใใ |
| Jessi: (wait for 5 sec) Great. Tomoyuki, can we hear the sentence from the dialogue again? |
| Tomoyuki: ใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Let's break this sentence down. |
| Tomoyuki: ใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ(Jessi: This train ๏ผ particle โใฏโ) ้่ปขใ (Jessi: driving or service ๏ผparticle โใโ๏ผไธๆ(ใใกใ)(Jessi: for a while, temporarily) ่ฆๅใใใพใ (Jessi: cancel or stop) |
| Jessi: Can we hear the whole sentence again? |
| Tomoyuki: ใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Literally, "As for this train, for a while, service is canceled." In more natural English, "This train's operation will be temporarily suspended." |
| Tomoyuki: ใ่ฆๅใใใพใใใฎไปฃใใใซใๅใใใใใใงใใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: Right. The verb โๅใใใใโ meaning "to cancel what has been planned" is also used in announcements. |
| Tomoyuki: In the dialogue, they saidโฆโใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใใฐใใใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใโ. |
| Jessi: So this also means " "This train's operation will be temporarily suspended." |
| Tomoyuki: ใ้่ปขใ่ฆๅใใใพใใใจใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใใใฏใๆๅณใฏๅใใงใใ |
| Jessi: So the meanings for both โ้่ปขใ่ฆๅใใใพใโ and โ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใโ are exactly the same. Alright, now let's listen to the announcement part again and see how much you understand now. |
| Announce1: ๆฌกใฏๆจชๆตใๆจชโฆโฆ |
| Announce2: ๏ผใใใ๏ผ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใ |
| ๆญขใพใ้ใๆบใใพใใฎใงใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| ็ทๆฅๅๆญขใใใพใใใๆณจๆใใ ใใใ |
| Conductor: ๅๆญขไฟกๅทใงใใๅๅ ใ่ชฟในใฆใใใพใใ |
| ใใผใใใ ไปใไบบใ็ท่ทฏใๆญฉใใฆใใใจใใ้ฃ็ตกใๅ ฅใใพใใใ |
| ใใฎใใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏ้่ปขใไธๆ(ใใกใ)่ฆๅใใใพใใ |
| ็นฐใ่ฟใใพใใใใฎ้ป่ปใฏใใฐใใใ้่ปขใๅใใใใพใใ |
| Tomoyuki: ใใใใ็ทๆฅใฎใขใใฆใณในใฏ่ฑ่ชใซใฏ่จณใใใพใใใฎใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใๅใใใชใใจไธๅฎใงใใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใThese kinds of announcements explaining emergency situation are not translated into English. So that's why we recommended studying the language used in them - if you understand what's being said, you'll feel much more secure, and know what to do! |
| All right, well that about wraps up this lesson. |
Outro |
| Tomoyuki: ใงใฏใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Thanks for listening! See you next time. |
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