Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Jessi: Need Directions? Japanese Particles E, Ni, Kara, and Made Will Show You the Way!
Naomi: こんにちは。なおみです。(Kon’nichiwa. Naomi desu.)
Jessi: Jessi here.
Naomi: In the previous lesson, you learned two particles used in questions, which are か (ka) and の (no).
Jessi: Naomi-sensei, please tell us what we’ll be learning about in this lesson.
Naomi: 今日は (kyō wa) particles that indicate direction.
Jessi: The conversation is between…
Naomi: 男の子と駅員さんです。(Otokonoko to eki’in-san desu.)
Jessi: A boy and a station assistant.
Naomi: はい。(Hai.)
Jessi: Where does this conversation take place?
Naomi: 駅。(Eki.)
Jessi: At a station. It seems like the boy wants to go to the airport. 
Naomi: そうです。空港に行きたいです。(Sō desu. Kūkō ni ikitai desu.)
Jessi: All right. Let’s listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
ケンタ: すみません。これは空港へ行きますか。(Sumimasen. Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.)
駅員:いえ、行きません。2番線のホームに行ってください。(Ie, ikimasen. Ni-bansen no hōmu ni itte kudasai.)
: 次の電車は2番線から出ます。(Tsugi no densha wa ni-bansen kara demasu.)
ケンタ: ここから、空港まで何分かかりますか。(Koko kara, kūkō made nan-pun kakarimasu ka.)
駅員: 30分くらいです。・・・旅行?(San-juppun kurai desu… ryokō?)
ケンタ: いえ、飛行機を見に行きます。(Ie, hikōki o mi ni ikimasu.)
もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.)
ケンタ: すみません。これは空港へ行きますか。(Sumimasen. Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.)
駅員:いえ、行きません。2番線のホームに行ってください。(Ie, ikimasen. Ni-bansen no hōmu ni itte kudasai.)
: 次の電車は2番線から出ます。(Tsugi no densha wa ni-bansen kara demasu.)
ケンタ: ここから、空港まで何分かかりますか。(Koko kara, kūkō made nan-pun kakarimasu ka.)
駅員: 30分くらいです。・・・旅行?(San-juppun kurai desu… ryokō?)
ケンタ: いえ、飛行機を見に行きます。(Ie, hikōki o mi ni ikimasu.)
今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.)
ケンタ: すみません。これは空港へ行きますか。(Sumimasen. Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.)
Jessi: Excuse me; does this (train) go to the airport?
駅員:いえ、行きません。2番線のホームに行ってください。(Ie, ikimasen. Ni-bansen no hōmu ni itte kudasai.)
Jessi: No, it doesn't. Please go over to Platform two.
: 次の電車は2番線から出ます。(Tsugi no densha wa ni-bansen kara demasu.)
Jessi: The next train leaves from there.
ケンタ: ここから、空港まで何分かかりますか。(Koko kara, kūkō made nan-pun kakarimasu ka.)
Jessi: How long does it take to get to the airport from here?
駅員: 30分くらいです。・・・旅行?(San-juppun kurai desu… ryokō?)
Jessi: About thirty minutes. Are you going on a trip?
ケンタ: いえ、飛行機を見に行きます。(Ie, hikōki o mi ni ikimasu.)
Jessi: No, I'm going to go see the airplanes.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Jessi: So Kenta is going to the airport just to see the airplanes?
Naomi: うん、そうですね。 (Un, sō desu ne.) Right. ケンタは空港へ飛行機を見に行きます。(Kenta wa kūkō e hikōki o mi ni ikimasu.)
Jessi: But he doesn’t sound like a child. He sounds a lot more mature.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) But there’s nothing wrong with going to the airport just to see the airplanes.
Jessi: That’s true.
Naomi: Maybe he just really likes airplanes… or there’s some other reason!
Jessi: Ah, so maybe we’ll find out about that in a future lesson.
Naomi: そうそうそう。(Sō sō sō.)

Lesson focus

Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn some particles that indicate direction. They’re the equivalent to "to" in English. Naomi-sensei, what’s the first particle we’ll be looking at?
Naomi: We’ll be looking at the particle へ (e).
Jessi: The particle へ (e) marks the direction or destination of some movement. It also marks the recipient of an action. Let us show you some examples. The word for “to go” is
Naomi: 行く (iku)
Jessi: So “to go to Mexico” would be?
Naomi: メキシコへ行く。(Mekishiko e iku.)
Jessi: Notice how the destination, Mexico is marked by particle へ (e). メキシコへ (Mekishiko e) to Mexico. So, ‘to the airport’ would be?
Naomi: Airport in Japanese is 空港 (kūkō) so 空港へ (kūkō e).
Jessi: How do you say then “go to the airport”?
Naomi: 空港へ行く(kūkō e iku). Be careful, because “e” is written using the Hiragana へ (he) but the pronunciation is え (e).
Jessi: Right. When the hiragana symbol for へ (he) is part of a word, it’s pronounced へ [he]. But when it’s used as a particle, it’s pronounced [e]. So you just have to remember this. 
Naomi: はい。(Hai.)
Jessi: OK, on to the next particle.
Naomi: The next particle is に (ni). The particle へ (e) we just covered can be often replaced with に (ni)
Jessi: The particle に (ni) also indicates movement toward a place. When used in this way, the particle に (ni) can replace へ (e).
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) So you can say 空港に行く (kūkō ni iku) instead of 空港へ行く (kūkō e iku).
Jessi: And the meaning is the same, right?
Naomi: はい、そうですね。 同じです。(Hai, sō desu ne. Onaji desu.) However, there are some instances where the particle へ (e) cannot be used in place of に (ni).
Jessi: That’s right - when に (ni) indicates the purpose of the movement, the particle へ (e) cannot be used instead.
Naomi: そうなんですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. For example 買い物に行く。(Kaimono ni iku.)
Jessi: To go shopping. 買い物 (kaimono), shopping, is not a place but a purpose, so this に (ni) can not be replaced with へ (e).
Naomi: Another example is スノーボードに行く。(Sunōbōdo ni iku.)
Jessi: To go snowboarding. So スノーボード (sunōbōdo), snowboarding, is the purpose. So [purpose] plus に行く (ni iku) is “to go somewhere to do something.”
Naomi: “To go to a movie” is 映画にいく (eiga ni iku), and “to go to see a movie” is 映画をみにいく (eiga o mi ni iku).
Jessi: Right. When you want to talk about your purpose for going somewhere using a verb, use the –ます (masu) stem of that verb and attach the particle に (ni).
So…”To go to see” would be…?
Naomi: 見に行く (mi ni iku). み (mi) is the –ます (masu) stem of the verb 見る (miru), to see. So, み に いく (mi ni iku). “To go to see.”
Jessi: And if you want to add the object for the verb, mark it with the particle を (o).
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Right. 映画を見に行く (eiga o mi ni iku) “to go see a movie”, ミュージカルを見に行く (myūjikaru o mi ni iku) “to go see a musical”, 歌舞伎を見に行く(kabuki o mi ni iku) “to go see Kabuki”, and this lesson dialogue, 飛行機を見に行く (hikōki o mi ni iku) “to go watch airplanes.”
Jessi: So to express the purpose of going with a verb, take the –ます (masu) stem of that verb and add にいく (ni iku). Let’s try it with some other verbs now.
Naomi: OK. How about 食べる (taberu), to eat?
Jessi: Sounds good. The –ます (masu) stem of 食べる (taberu) is?
Naomi: 食べ (tabe)
Jessi: And then attach the particle に (ni) to show that it’s your purpose.
Naomi: 食べに行く。(Tabe ni iku.) “To go to eat.” So….すしを食べに行く (sushi o tabe ni iku) ”to go to eat sushi”; 昼ごはんを食べに行く (hirugohan o tabe ni iku) “to go to eat lunch.”
Jessi: OK. So to recap what we’ve just covered, the particles へ (e) and に (ni) are interchangeable when used to express destination or direction. But, when に (ni) indicates the purpose of the action, へ (e) can not replace に (ni).
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.)
Jessi: And the last particle… well, actually particles we’re covering in this lesson are…
Naomi: から (kara) and まで (made).
Jessi: “From” and “to”, respectively.
Both から (kara) and まで (made) are used after a noun. から (kara) marks the starting point, such as a place or time. And まで (made) marks the limitation or extent. They are often used together. Naomi-sensei, how do you say “from A”?
Naomi: Aから (A kara)
Jessi: Notice how the particle comes after the noun. The word order is opposite from English.
Now, how do you say “To Z”?
Naomi: Zまで (Z made)
Jessi: Let’s put them together “From A to Z” is?
Naomi: AからZ まで。(A kara Z made.)
Jessi: From here to the airport?
Naomi: ここから空港まで。(Koko kara kūkō made.)
Jessi: From Monday to Thursday?
Naomi: Monday is 月曜日 (getsu-yōbi) and Thursday is 木曜日 (moku-yōbi) so…月曜日から木曜日まで (getsu-yōbi kara moku-yōbi made).
Jessi: And how about one more? From children to adults?
Naomi: Children is 子供 (kodomo) and adults is 大人 (otona) so….子供から大人まで (kodomo kara otona made).
Jessi: In this lesson you learned particles that indicate direction. へ (e), に (ni), から (kara) and まで (made).
So let’s recap the lesson with a quiz.
Which of the following particles is used to indicate direction and the purpose of movement?
Naomi: 1.へ (e) 2.に (ni) 3.から (kara) 4.まで (made)
Jessi: And the answer is?
Naomi: 2. に (ni) as in 飛行機を見に行く (hikōki o mi ni iku) “to go to watch airplanes.”
Jessi: Choice 1. へ (e) can indicate direction or destination, but not purpose.
Choice 3. から (kara) indicates the starting point and Choice 4. まで (made) indicates the limitation or extent. And that just about does it for this lesson.
Naomi: はい、それじゃまた!(Hai, soreja mata!)
Jessi: See you next time!
DIALOGUE
ケンタ: すみません。これは空港へ行きますか。(Sumimasen. Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.)
駅員:いえ、行きません。2番線のホームに行ってください。(Ie, ikimasen. Ni-bansen no hōmu ni itte kudasai.)
: 次の電車は2番線から出ます。(Tsugi no densha wa ni-bansen kara demasu.)
ケンタ: ここから、空港まで何分かかりますか。(Koko kara, kūkō made nan-pun kakarimasu ka.)
駅員: 30分くらいです。・・・旅行?(San-juppun kurai desu… ryokō?)
ケンタ: いえ、飛行機を見に行きます。(Ie, hikōki o mi ni ikimasu.)

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