Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Jessi: Your Japanese speaking goals would be met no time with particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de).
Naomi: こんにちは、ナオミです。(Kon’nichiwa, Naomi desu.)
Jessi: Jessi here. All right, from Lesson 21 we’re reviewing the particles we learned in this series. Which particles did we review in the previous lesson?
Naomi: We reviewed the usage of は (wa), が (ga) and を (o).
Jessi: And what particles are we reviewing in this lesson? In this lesson, we will review the usage of particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). 
Naomi: And who is this conversation between?
Naomi: 先生と生徒の会話です。(Sensei to seito no kaiwa desu.) A teacher and a student. 佐藤けい子さんは先生。かおるさんは生徒です。(Satō Keiko-san wa sensei. Kaoru-san wa seito desu.) Keiko Sato is the teacher and Kaoru is the student.
Jessi: And where does this conversation take place?
Naomi: 学校の保健室。(Gakkō no hokenshitsu.)
Jessi: A nurse’s office at school. And it looks like Kaoru is not feeling well. So let’s listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
(保健室)(Hokenshitsu)
佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.)
かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.)
佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.)
: 今、一人で住んでいるの?(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?)
かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.)
: 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.)
佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、5時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.)
かおる:え?先生の家へ行くんですか?(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?)
佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.)
もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.)
(保健室)(Hokenshitsu)
佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.)
かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.)
佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.)
: 今、一人で住んでいるの?(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?)
かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.)
: 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.)
佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、5時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.)
かおる:え?先生の家へ行くんですか?(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?)
佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.)
今度は英語が入ります。Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.
(保健室)(Hokenshitsu)
Jessi(In the nurse's office)
佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.)
Jessi: It really took me by surprise! That's not good. You must eat something.
かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.)
Jessi: But, I want to be pretty. I want to be a model.
佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.)
Jessi: What are you talking about? You'll get sick!
: 今、一人で住んでいるの?(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?)
Jessi: Are you living by yourself now?
かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.)
Jessi: No, I live with my older brother.
: 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.)
Jessi: My parents live abroad because of their jobs.
佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、5時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.)
Jessi: I see. My job ends at five o'clock, so let's all eat dinner at my house.
かおる:え?先生の家へ行くんですか?(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?)
Jessi: Huh? You mean, I'll go to your house?
佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.)
Jessi: Come together with your brother.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Naomi: This story continues from Lesson 19. If you remember, in Lesson 19, Kaoru collapsed. She probably was carried to the nurse’s office.
Jessi: I see, and what ended up being her problem?
Naomi: 多分、ご飯を食べませんでしたね。(Tabun, gohan o tabemasen deshita ne.) It’s probably because she didn’t eat anything.
Jessi: Ah, because she was trying to lose weight.
Naomi: Because she wanted to be a model.
Jessi: That’s why she collapsed. And so then Keiko invited Kaoru for dinner.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Keiko was saying 一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) “Let's eat dinner at my house.”
Jessi: That was really nice of her!
Naomi: ねー!親切ですね。(Nē! Shinsetsu desu ne.)

Lesson focus

Jessi: In this lesson, you'll review the particles へ (e), に (ni) and で (de). You'll also learn a new construction and [adjective or noun + なる (naru)] and more ways to use the particle で (de).
Naomi: That’s right. Why don’t we start with the easiest one, へ (e).
Jessi: Good idea. The particle へ (e) indicates a direction or goal, and it can be replaced with the particle に (ni). Can we hear some sample sentences?
Naomi: OK. これは空港へ行きますか。(Kore wa kūkō e ikimasu ka.)
Jessi: “Does this go to the airport?”
Naomi: Of course, you can also say これは空港に行きますか。(Kore wa kūkō ni ikimasu ka.)
Jessi: Right. Be careful, へ (e) can be replaced by に (ni), but に (ni) cannot always replaced by へ (e).
Naomi: うーん。(Ūn.) に (ni) has broader usage.
Jessi: Right. に (ni) is used not only for direction or goals, but also location, time, time duration, movement, purpose and so on. It’s used in a lot of ways!
Naomi: ね、たくさんありますね。(Ne, takusan arimasu ne.)
Jessi: はい。(Hai.) Can we hear how に (ni) is used to show a purpose?
Naomi: Sure. 買い物に行く。(Kaimono ni iku.) “To go shopping.”
Jessi: This usage was covered in Lesson 5. How about an example of に (ni) indicating time?
Naomi: This was covered in Lesson 6. 六月に日本へ行きます。(Roku-gatsu ni Nihon e ikimasu.) “I'm going to Japan in June.”
Jessi: に (ni) is also used to talk about the frequency something takes place.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.)
Jessi: So how would you say “once a week”?
Naomi: OK. “Once” is 一度 (ichi-do), “one week” is 一週間 (isshūkan). So… 一週間に一度 (isshūkan ni ichi-do).
Jessi: How about “twice a day”?
Naomi: “Twice” is 二度 (ni-do) and “a day” is 一日 (ichi-nichi). So… 一日に二度 (ichi-nichi ni ni-do).
Jessi: So, Naomi-sensei, let me try asking you a question. How often do you go get a haircut?
Naomi: うーんとね… 三ヶ月に一度ですね。(Ūn to ne… san-kagetsu ni ichi-do desu ne.)
Jessi: Once every three months?
Naomi: はい。(Hai.) Right.
Jessi: In Lesson 7 we learned that に (ni) also marks the location where a person or thing exists.
Naomi: そうですね。赤坂にオフィスがあります。(Sō desu ne. Akasaka ni ofisu ga arimasu.)
Jessi: “Our office is located in Akasaka.” or “There’s an office in Akasaka”… depending on the context.
Naomi: And you can also mark the place you live and the company you work for with に (ni).
Jessi: For example?
Naomi: 私は千葉に住んでいます。(Watashi wa Chiba ni sunde imasu.) “I live in Chiba.” Innovative Language Learningに勤めています。(Innovative Language Learning ni tsutomete imasu.) “I work for Innovative Language Learning.”
Jessi: And now, we’re going to introduce you to a new usage of に (ni).
When に (ni) comes before the verb なる (naru) "to become", it indicates the result of a change.
Naomi: Right. In the dialogue, Kaoru said…
きれいになりたい (kirei ni naritai) “I want to be pretty” and モデルになりたい (moderu ni naritai) “I want to be a model.”
Jessi: So [such and such] になる (ni naru) is “to become [such and such]".
Naomi: Right.
Jessi: And now on to to the last particle で (de).
で (de) marks locations, the means of doing something, materials something is made from, a reason for something, and so on.
Naomi: たくさんありますね! (Takusan arimasu ne!) There’s a lot! We learned this in Lesson 7, 15 and 18.
In the dialogue, Kaoru said, 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.) “My parents live abroad because of their jobs.” This で (de) as in 仕事で (shigoto de) expresses a reason or a cause. 仕事で (shigoto de) is “due to work” or “because of work”.
Jessi: Right, and then Keiko said 家でご飯を食べましょう。(Uchi de gohan o tabemashō.) “Let's eat dinner at my house.” This で (de) as in 家で (ie de) indicates where the action of eating dinner takes place.
Naomi: There are some other new usages that were introduced in the dialogue.
Jessi: Right, like で (de) being used to indicate the condition of an action.
Naomi 一人 (hitori) is “one person.” 一人で (hitori de) is “by oneself.”
So if you say 一人で住む (hitori de sumu), it means “to live by oneself”, 一人で行く (hitori de iku) means “to go by oneself.”
Jessi: So in the dialogue, Keiko said …
Naomi: 今、一人で住んでいるの?(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?) “Are you living by yourself now?”
Jessi: Here 一人で (hitori de) “by oneself” is the condition of the action 住む (sumu) “to live.”
Naomi: Kaoru answered いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.)
Jessi: “No, I live with my older brother.” 二人で住んでいます (futari de sunde imasu) basically means “there are two of us living together”, if you’re talking about yourself.
And one more new usage of で (de) appeared in the dialogue. Keiko said… 仕事、五時で終わる (shigoto, go-ji de owaru) “my job ends at 5.” So this で (de) marks the time that something finishes.
Naomi: You can also say 五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru).
Jessi: And this means the same thing - “My job ends at 5.” So then what’s the difference between 五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru) and 五時で終わる (go-ji de owaru)?
Naomi: Well… the difference is very subtle.
五時に終わる (go-ji ni owaru) is a general statement. 五時で終わる (go-ji de owaru) emphasizes the fact that your work continues up until 5. But they are basically saying the same thing.
Jessi: In this lesson you reviewed how to use へ (e), に (ni) and で (de).
Now let’s recap this lesson with a quiz.
I’m going to read an English sentence. Your job is to choose the best Japanese translation from the choices provided. Are you ready? Here’s the sentence.
“It will become quiet.”
Naomi: 1. しずかへなる (shizuka e naru)
2. しずかになる (shizuka ni naru)
3. しずかでなる (shizuka de naru)
Jessi: All right, and the answer is?
Naomi: 2. しずかになる (shizuka ni naru)
Jessi: [Na-adjective/ noun] plus になる (ni naru) means “to become [that adjective or noun]” You need the particle に (ni) between the adjective or noun and the verb なる (naru).
Let’s do one more quiz question.
Jessi: How do you say… “I go shopping by myself”?
Naomi: 1. 一人へ買い物に行きます。(Hitori e kaimono ni ikimasu.)
2. 一人に買い物に行きます。(Hitori ni kaimono ni ikimasu.)
3. 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.)
Jessi: And what’s the answer?
Naomi: 3. 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.)
Jessi: So we use で (de) here to talk about the condition. 一人で (hitori de) means by oneself or alone and 買い物に行きます (kaimono ni ikimasu) is to go shopping. So altogether “I go shopping by myself.”
Naomi: 一人で買い物に行きます。(Hitori de kaimono ni ikimasu.)
Jessi: All right, well, that’s all for this lesson.
Naomi: それじゃあまた。(Sorejā mata.)
Jessi: See you next time.
DIALOGUE
(保健室)(Hokenshitsu)
佐藤けい子:びっくりしたわよ。だめよ。ご飯を食べなさい。(Bikkuri shita wa yo. Dame yo. Gohan o tabenasai.)
かおる:でも、きれいになりたいんです。モデルになりたいんです。(Demo, kirei ni naritai n desu. Moderu ni naritai n desu.)
佐藤けい子:何をいっているの。病気になるわよ。(Nani o itte iru no. Byōki ni naru wa yo.)
: 今、一人で住んでいるの?(Ima, hitori de sunde iru no?)
かおる:いえ、兄と二人で住んでいます。(Ie, ani to futari de sunde imasu.)
: 両親は仕事で海外に住んでいます。(Ryōshin wa shigoto de kaigai ni sunde imasu.)
佐藤けい子:わかった。仕事、5時で終わるから、一緒に家でご飯を食べましょう。(Wakatta. Shigoto, go-ji de owaru kara, issho ni uchi de gohan o tabemashō.)
かおる:え?先生の家へ行くんですか?(E? Sensei no uchi e iku n desu ka?)
佐藤けい子:お兄さんと二人で来て。(O-nii-san to futari de kite.)

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