Learn about particle -de (by), -e and -ni, masu form of verbs
Now Playing: Lesson Audio
Get a breakdown of the dialogue and translations instantly with the Premium line-by-line Audio. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.
| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: Where is Your Japanese Taking You and How Will You Get there? |
| Naomi: ナオミです。 |
| Peter: Peter here. Naomi Sensei, what are we talking about today? |
| Naomi: We are working on verbs and particles again. |
| Peter: Now, today we are going to introduce you to a new particle and we are going to review an old particle, one that appeared in the last lesson but we are going to use it in a different way. You will find out that some particles can be used in more than one context. Last lesson, 冬果 told 秋 that she was going salsa dancing with Fibritzio. |
| Naomi: Oh! ファブリツィオとサルサをします。 |
| Peter: Today’s story is about that night. So let’s find out whether they had fun or not. Fibritzio and Fuyuka are talking which means |
| Naomi: Polite Japanese is used. |
| Peter: As they are colleagues and they are talking at |
| Naomi: Salsa bar probably in Roppongi |
| Peter: All right. So let’s find out what’s going on here. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ファブリツィオ: サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？ |
| ファブリツィオ: 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。 |
| 北川 冬果: 今から？電車で 行きますか。 |
| ファブリツィオ: はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。 |
| もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。 |
| ファブリツィオ: サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？ |
| ファブリツィオ: 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。 |
| 北川 冬果: 今から？電車で 行きますか。 |
| ファブリツィオ: はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。 |
| 次は、英語が入ります。 |
| ファブリツィオ: サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。 |
| FABRIZIO: Salsa is fun, isn't it? Oh, it's already 12 o'clock. Are you taking a train back home, Fuyuka? |
| 北川 冬果: うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？ |
| FUYUKA KITAGAWA: Well. I'm taking a taxi. How about you, Fabrizio? |
| ファブリツィオ: 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。 |
| FABRIZIO: I'm going to my friend's bar. |
| 北川 冬果: 今から？電車で 行きますか。 |
| FUYUKA KITAGAWA: From now? Are you going there by train? |
| ファブリツィオ: はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。FABRIZIO: Yes. From now. I'm going there by subway. Do you want to come, Fuyuka? |
| 北川 冬果: いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。 |
| FUYUJKA KITAGAWA:No, no, no. I'm going home. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi Sensei, what do you think about today’s conversation? |
| Naomi: ファブリツィオさん、元気ですね。 |
| Peter: そうですね。 He is really energetic. |
| Naomi: What time is it now? |
| Peter: It’s already 12. |
| Naomi: 12時？もう12時？ |
| Peter: もう12時。 And yeah we want to take a look at that already is in Japanese? |
| Naomi: もう |
| Peter: もう and then we have the time. もう12時 |
| Naomi: He said 今から友達のバーに行きます。 |
| Peter: So I am going to a Friend’s bar now. Yeah what day is it? 今日は何曜日ですか？ |
| Naomi: I don’t know. Maybe 金曜日？ I hope it’s not 月曜日 |
| Peter: どうでしょう。ファブリツィオさんやりますね。 He… |
| Naomi: そうですね。 |
| Peter: Umm Okay let’s take a look at today’s vocab. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: First we have |
| Naomi: 楽しい |
| Peter: Enjoyable. |
| Naomi: (slow)たのしい (natural speed)楽しい |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable の and falling on the last syllable い. |
| Naomi: 楽しい |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 電車 |
| Peter: Train. |
| Naomi: (slow)でんしゃ (natural speed)電車 |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable and staying high or falling on the second syllable and staying low. |
| Naomi: 電車 or 電車 |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Naomi: 帰ります |
| Peter: To go back home, to return. |
| Naomi: (slow)かえります (natural speed)帰ります |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable and falling on the last syllable. Next |
| Naomi: バー |
| Peter: Bar. |
| Naomi: (slow)ばー (natural speed)バー |
| Peter: Falling on the second syllable. |
| Naomi: バー |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: 行きます |
| Peter: To go. |
| Naomi: (slow)いきます (natural speed)行きます |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable き and falling on the last syllable す. |
| Naomi: 行きます |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 |
| Peter: Subway. |
| Naomi: (slow)ちかてつ (natural speed)地下鉄 |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable か and staying high. |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 来ます |
| Peter: To come in the nonpast polite. |
| Naomi: (slow)きます (natural speed)来ます |
| Peter: Rising on the middle syllable and falling on the last. |
| Naomi: 来ます |
| Peter: Next |
| Naomi: うち |
| Peter: Home, house. |
| Naomi: (slow)うち (natural speed)うち |
| Peter: Rising. |
| Naomi: うち |
| Peter: Okay Naomi Sensei, let’s take a look at some of the words that appeared in today’s dialogue. First we have |
| Naomi: 電車 |
| Peter: Train. Now here the first kanji means |
| Naomi: Electric. |
| Peter: And the second means |
| Naomi: Car |
| Peter: So electric car. |
| Naomi: Do you remember? Electric talk is 電話 |
| Peter: That’s right. |
| Naomi: Telephone. |
| Peter: Let’s also take a look at another word that has to do with trains. How about the word for subway? This is made up of three kanji characters. What do we have? |
| Naomi: 地下鉄 |
| Peter: The first character means? |
| Naomi: Earth. |
| Peter: Second character means? |
| Naomi: Under |
| Peter: And third character means? |
| Naomi: Steel. |
| Peter: So steel under earth. Steel under the ground, the subway. So quite logical. Can we use one of these words in an example sentence? |
| Naomi: 地下鉄は便利です。 |
| Peter: The subway is convenient especially in Tokyo. |
| Naomi: 東京の地下鉄は便利です。 |
| Peter: That’s right. |
| Naomi: Yeah since you are from New York, how about ニューヨークの地下鉄は便利ですか？ |
| Peter: そうですね。 |
| Naomi: なんですか、それは？ |
| Peter: Because I am from New York, I have to say yes. |
| Naomi: What is that? Haha… |
| Peter: But I must submit, the Tokyo subway is very convenient, very easy to navigate although there are many different companies. So just a little tricky there but very easy to ride and very, very foreigner friendly. |
| Naomi: ああ、そうですか。地下鉄は簡単です。 |
| Peter: Subway is quite easy, easy to navigate that is. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: SOkay let’s take a look at today’s grammar point. So today we are going to have a closer look at the direction particle A which is used with |
| Naomi: 行きます、来ます and 帰ります |
| Peter: So verbs where you are going somewhere. Now A marks the place or goal towards which the action moves. When A is used as the particle, it’s pronounced A although it’s written へ the hiragana syllable へ and it’s placed before the verbs. Now this particle precedes the verbs to go, to come and to return. Let’s go back to where this appeared in the conversation. Naomi Sensei, can you repeat that sentence? |
| Naomi: 私はうちへ帰ります。 |
| Peter: I am going home. What do we have first? |
| Naomi: 私 |
| Peter: I followed by |
| Naomi: は |
| Peter: Topic marking particle followed by |
| Naomi: うち |
| Peter: Home. |
| Naomi: へ |
| Peter: To |
| Naomi: 帰ります |
| Peter: Return. So I home to return. I will return home and of course this sentence is in the non past polite. 帰ります is the nonpast polite version of 帰る to return. So Naomi Sensei, how we say to home? |
| Naomi: うちへ |
| Peter: How about to the station? |
| Naomi: 駅へ |
| Peter: How about to the bar? |
| Naomi: バーへ |
| Peter: So topic followed by |
| Naomi: は |
| Peter: Topic marking particle followed by |
| Naomi: Place |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Naomi: へ |
| Peter: Direction marking particle and then |
| Naomi: 行きます |
| Peter: Or |
| Naomi: 帰ります |
| Peter: Or |
| Naomi: 来ます |
| Peter: And this is the basic pattern. Next we have. Let’s take a look at the particle で. In the last lesson, we learned that this can be used to mark the location where an action takes place. Now today in this lesson, we are going to introduce another usage. Here the particle で is used to mark a tool used to accomplish something and in this conversation, the two speakers are asking each other, by what tool, by what means they will return home and the means or the tools in the sentence are marked with で. Okay let’s take a look at what we had in the conversation. |
| Naomi: タクシーで行きます。 |
| Peter: By taxi I will go. I will go by taxi. |
| Naomi: 電車で行きます。 |
| Peter: I will go by train. |
| Naomi: 地下鉄で行きます。 |
| Peter: I will go by subway. Let’s go back to where this appeared in the conversation and just repeat it one more time. We had |
| Naomi: タクシーで帰ります。 |
| Peter: I will return by taxi. So here the speaker is speaking. So the subject is actually inferred. So we just leave out that part 私は. Then we have |
| Naomi: タクシー |
| Peter: Taxi. |
| Naomi: で |
| Peter: Here the means, the taxi is used to accomplish something. So taxi is a means, so we mark it with で followed by |
| Naomi: 帰ります |
Outro |
| Peter: Okay, That’s going to do for today. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。 |
| DIALOGUE |
| ファブリツィオ: サルサは とても 楽しいですね。あ、もう十二時ですね。冬果さんは、電車で 帰りますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: うーん。タクシーで 帰ります。ファブリツィオは？ |
| ファブリツィオ: 私は 友達の バーへ 行きます。 |
| 北川 冬果: 今から？電車で 行きますか。 |
| ファブリツィオ: はい。今から。地下鉄で 行きます。冬果さんも、来ますか。 |
| 北川 冬果: いえいえいえいえ。私は うちへ 帰ります。 |
Get complete breakdowns, review with quizzes and download printable practice sheets! Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.
97 Comments
HideMina-san, Fabrizio is quite the party animal, huh? I can't wait until next week to hear all about his crazy party! Woo-hoo!
こんにちは Angela,
Thank you so much for your positive message! 😇❤️️
Feel free to contact us if you have any questions.
We wish you good luck with your language studies.
Kind regards,
レヴェンテ (Levente)
Team JapanesePod101.com
Just an appreciation post!! I never thought I'd be able to actually absorb Nihon-go and this course has put me over the moon to impress my boyfriends family in Japan! Thank you :)
Hi Kayla,
Thank you for the question😄
今から in this usage is often translated as "now".
Thank you for studying with us!
Sincerely,
Erica
Team JapanesePod101.com
The translation of 今から, "from now", doesn't really make sense in English (at least to me). Is it supposed to mean "right now"?
Hi Gerald,
Thank you for your comment and I'm sorry for this late reply.
Firstly, you can think this phrase as "[something] に ちょうどいい", meaning "good for [something.]"
Then, 友達とお酒を飲む is a verbal phrase and it doesn't suit for the [something.]
However, if you add の after the phrase, it turns into a noun equivalent (this の is called a 'nominalizer').
So you can say お酒を飲むのにちょうどいい.
Let us know if you have any further question:)
Sincerely,
Miho
Team JapanesePod101.com
I have a question regarding the lesson notes with one of the sample sentences:
近所のバーは友達とお酒を飲むのにちょうどいい場所だ。
Kinjo no bā wa tomodachi to o-sake o nomu no ni chōdo ii basho da.
I am trying to deconstruct this sentence and i was wondering why the no particle is followed by ni in "nomu no ni chōdo"
Hanさん
Thank you so much for your comment😄
They are interchangeable, so you can use either one of them👍
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
Konnichiwa,
for the sentence pattern "location + e/ni + ikimasu" when do you use e and when to use ni?
liyanaさん
Thank you so much for your comment😄
Yes, that's correct 👍
Please let us know if you have any questions :)
Sincerely
Ryoma
Team JapanesePod101.com
hi, if i want to say i'm going home by train, do i say watashi wa densha de uchi he kaerimasu? is that correct?