Learn about particle -de (in/at) and -to (with)
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Jessi: You Are Going To Be Going in Japan Soon, Too! |
| Naomi: ナオミです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Naomi-sensei, do you want to bring us up to speed on what’s going on? |
| Naomi: Today we are continuing working on verb sentences. |
| Peter: Yep. In the previous lesson, we covered the masu-form and we are going to introduce you to two new particles, which are |
| Naomi: で (de) |
| Peter: And |
| Naomi: と (to) |
| Peter: で (de) can be translated as “in” or “at,” and と (to) can be translated as “with” in English. Now in the previous lesson, Shu and Kim Mi Yeon talked about music. Mi Yeon said she liked…? |
| Naomi: アールアンドビー。ミヨンさんはアールアンドビーを聞きます。(Āru ando bī. Mi Yon-san wa āru ando bī o kikimasu.) |
| Peter: Mi Yeon listens to R&B music. Now there just so happens to be an R&B music event tonight. So Shu is asking Kim if she is free tonight. Sounds like a date. |
| Naomi: And he is saying, 今日の夜、暇ですか。(Kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| Peter: Are you free tonight? So Shu is also talking to |
| Naomi: Fuyuka and Minami. |
| Peter: So it’s a conversation among the four colleagues. So what kind of Japanese are we using? |
| Naomi: Polite Japanese. |
| Peter: Okay, conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: They are probably at the office. |
| Peter: All right. With that said, let’s take a look at today’s lesson. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : 今日の 夜、暇ですか。(Kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| キム ミヨン (Kimu Mi yon) : ごめんなさい。今日の夜は だめです。東さんと 銀座で 映画をみます。(Gomen nasai. Kyō no yoru wa dame desu. Higashi-san to Ginza de eiga o mimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。東と。銀座で。映画を。へぇー。いいですね。・・・あ、冬果さん、今日の夜、暇ですか。(Hē. Higashi to. Ginza de. Eiga o. Hē. Ii desu ne.... A, Fuyuka-san, kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今夜？暇じゃないです。ファブリツィオと サルサを します。(Kon’ya? Hima ja nai desu. Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。ファブリツィオと。サルサを。へぇー。いいですね。あ、南・・・。(Hē. Faburitsio to. Sarusa o. Hē. Ii desu ne. A, Minami....) |
| 南 夏見 (Minami Natsumi) : 私は 忙しいです。うちで ビリーズ ブートキャンプを します。(Watashi wa isogashii desu. Uchi de Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
| もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : 今日の 夜、暇ですか。(Kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| キム ミヨン (Kimu Mi Yon) : ごめんなさい。今日の 夜は だめです。東さんと 銀座で 映画をみます。(Gomen nasai. Kyō no yoru wa dame desu. Higashi-san to Ginza de eiga o mimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。東と。銀座で。映画を。へぇー。いいですね。・・・あ、冬果さん、今日の夜、暇ですか。(Hē. Higashi to. Ginza de. Eiga o. Hē. Ii desu ne.... A, Fuyuka-san, kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今夜？暇じゃないです。ファブリツィオと サルサを します。(Kon’ya? Hima ja nai desu. Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。ファブリツィオと。サルサを。へぇー。いいですね。あ、南・・・。(Hē. Faburitsio to. Sarusa o. Hē. Ii desu ne. A, Minami....) |
| 南 夏見 (Minami Natsumi) : 私は 忙しいです。うちで ビリーズ ブートキャンプを します。(Watashi wa isogashii desu. Uchi de Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
| 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : 今日の 夜、暇ですか。(Kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| SHU NISHIMOTO: Are you free tonight? |
| キム ミヨン (Kimu Mi yon) : ごめんなさい。今日の夜は だめです。東さんと 銀座で 映画をみます。(Gomen nasai. Kyō no yoru wa dame desu. Higashi-san to Ginza de eiga o mimasu.) |
| MI YEON KIM: I'm sorry. Tonight is not good. I'm going to see a movie with Higashi tonight. |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。東と。銀座で。映画を。へぇー。いいですね。・・・あ、冬果さん、今日の夜、暇ですか。(Hē. Higashi to. Ginza de. Eiga o. Hē. Ii desu ne.... A, Fuyuka-san, kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| SHU NISHIMOTO: Oh wow. With Higashi. In Ginza. A Movie. Wow...good for you! Oh hey, Fuyuka. Are you free tonight? |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今夜？暇じゃないです。ファブリツィオと サルサを します。(Kon’ya? Hima ja nai desu. Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| FUYUKA KITAGAWA: Tonight? No, I'm not free. I'm salsa dancing with Fabrizio. |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。ファブリツィオと。サルサを。へぇー。いいですね。あ、南・・・。(Hē. Faburitsio to. Sarusa o. Hē. Ii desu ne. A, Minami....) |
| SHU NISHIMOTO: Wow, With Fabrizio. Salsa dancing. Sounds good. Oh, Minami... |
| 南 夏見 (Minami Natsumi) : 私は 忙しいです。うちで ビリーズ ブートキャンプを します。(Watashi wa isogashii desu. Uchi de Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
| MINAMI NATSUMI: I'm busy. I'm gonna do Billy's Boot Camp at home. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei, what do you think about today’s conversation? |
| Naomi: 皆さん忙しいですね。(Mina-san isogashii desu ne.) |
| Peter: So everyone is kind of busy tonight. 本当ですか。(Hontō desu ka.) Do you really think everyone is busy? What about Minami, she said, what did she say? |
| Naomi: ビリーズブートキャンプをします。(Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: So of course who is this guy again? He is still famous in Japan, Billy’s BootCamp workout. |
| Naomi: Billy Blanks? |
| Peter: Yep. |
| Naomi: アメリカ人ですね。(Amerika-jin desu ne.) |
| Peter: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) He is American. And I believe he was popular about 5 years ago in the states but now recently he is still even popular in Japan. |
| Naomi: Yeah, actually he came to visit Japan a couple of months ago. |
| Peter: え、ナオミ先生はまさか、やりますか。(E, Naomi-sensei wa masaka, yarimasu ka.) |
| Naomi: えっと (etto), I have the DVD but I haven’t done it yet. |
| Peter: やりますね。(Yarimasu ne.) |
| Naomi: But I haven’t done it but I heard Sakura, Sachiko, Kishimoto-san and Mickey are doing it. |
| Peter: Airing all of the japanesepod101.com laundry today. ありがとうございます (Arigatō gozaimasu.) |
| Naomi: I don’t know about Natsuko. We should ask Natsuko if she is doing. |
| Peter: Billy’s Boot camp. All right, well we are working on that. Let’s take a look at today’s vocab. |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: First word. |
| Naomi: 銀座 (Ginza) |
| Peter: Ginza, shopping district in Tokyo. |
| Naomi: (slow) ぎんざ (Ginza) (natural speed) 銀座 (Ginza) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable ん (n) and staying high. |
| Naomi: 銀座 (Ginza) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 映画 (eiga) |
| Peter: Movie. |
| Naomi: (slow) えいが (eiga) (natural speed) 映画 (eiga) |
| Peter: Two pronunciations. Naomi-sensei gave us rising intonation. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Rising on the second syllable い (i) and staying high. |
| Naomi: But the another pronunciation is 映画 (eiga). |
| Peter: Falling on the second syllable い (i) and staying low. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) (slow) えいが (eiga) (natural speed) 映画 (eiga) |
| Peter: Next. |
| Naomi: 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: Tonight. |
| Naomi: (slow) こんや (kon’ya) (natural speed) 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: Falling on the second syllable ん (n) and staying low. |
| Naomi: 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Naomi: サルサ (sarusa) |
| Peter: Salsa as in the dancing. |
| Naomi: (slow) さるさ (sarusa) (natural speed) サルサ (sarusa) |
| Peter: Falling on the second syllable ル (ru) and staying low. |
| Naomi: サルサ (sarusa) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Home, house. |
| Naomi: (slow) うち (uchi) (natural speed) うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Naomi: します (shimasu) |
| Peter: Polite non-past form of the verb する (suru), meaning to do. |
| Naomi: (slow) します (shimasu) (natural speed) します (shimasu) |
| Peter: Okay Naomi-sensei, let’s take a look at some of the words we’ve covered today. What is the first word on our list? |
| Naomi: 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: Tonight. We kind of covered this in our last one. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) In the last lesson, we learned 今日の夜 (kyō no yoru) |
| Peter: あ、そうでしたか。(A, sō deshita ka.) That’s right. すみませんでした。(Sumimasen deshita.) |
| Naomi: いえいえ。(Ie ie.) And I think 今夜 (kon’ya) and 今日の夜 (kyō no yoru) are same. |
| Peter: Yeah, tonight. |
| Naomi: Today’s night. |
| Peter: Today’s night. So same meaning and just two ways to get there. Two roads to the same destination. 今夜 (kon’ya) and 今日の夜 (kyō no yoru). |
| Naomi: It has a special reading, right? The first character is 今 (ima) which is now and second kanji is night, 夜 (yoru). |
| Peter: Now’s night, tonight and the pronunciation. Let’s just go over this one more time because sometimes the word can be a little tricky to pronounce. What is it again? |
| Naomi: (slow) こんや (kon’ya) (natural speed) 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: So very clear 今夜 (kon’ya). Also good afternoon or one of the most popular or probably the most well known Japanese greeting. It’s not こにちは (konichiwa), it’s こんにちは (kon’nichiwa). You really want to hit that “n”. |
| Naomi: そうですね。こにちわ、じゃなくてこんにちは。(Sō desu ne. Konichiwa, ja nakute kon’nichiwa.) |
| Peter: Takes a while for learners of Japanese to really get the hang of this word, こんにちは (kon’nichiwa). Next we have |
| Naomi: 今夜 (kon’ya) |
| Peter: Okay Naomi-sensei, can you give us the sample sentence, please? |
| Naomi: 今夜は寒いですね。(Kon’ya wa samui desu ne.) |
| Peter: It’s cold tonight, isn’t it? 秋の夜は寒いですね。(Aki no yoru wa samui desu ne.) |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: So autumn nights are cold. |
| Naomi: それから、秋の夜は長いですね。(Sorekara, aki no yoru wa nagai desu ne.) |
| Peter: That’s right. Autumn nights are long. あと、秋の夜は静かですね。(Ato, aki no yoru wa shizuka desu ne.) |
| Naomi: ああ、そうですね。(Ā, sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: Autumn nights are silent. All the bugs, もうおしまいですね (mō oshimai desu ne). All bugs are gone. So it’s very quiet. All right, next. |
| Naomi: します (shimasu) |
| Peter: The polite non-past of the verb する (suru), to do. |
| Naomi: And we usually put を (o) in front of it. |
| Peter: The object marker? |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) And say like パーティをします (pātī o shimasu). |
| Peter: Literally I do a party but of course we translate it as I have a party or I will have a party. Now in many cases, the verb します (shimasu) again the non-past polite of the verb する (suru) is used with or without particles. Sometimes the particles are dropped, sometimes there is nothing there. Just a noun followed by します (shimasu). Sometimes it’s preceded by を (o), the object marker and sometimes even preceded by に (ni) and this will be the case if you went out and somebody ordered something, you would probably hear them say what they want followed by にします (ni shimasu). ハンバーガーにします (hanbāgā ni shimasu), I will have a burger. |
| Naomi: でもまあ、今日は「をします」。じゃあ、テニスをします。(Demo mā, kyō wa “o shimasu”. Jā, tenisu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I play tennis or I will play tennis. |
| Naomi: デートをします。(Dēto o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I go on a date or I will go on a date. |
| Naomi: ショッピングをします。(Shoppingu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I will shop. Okay, let’s take a look at today’s grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Now as we said, we’d cover two particles and today, the two particles are |
| Naomi: と (to) |
| Peter: And |
| Naomi: で (de) |
| Peter: Let’s take a look at the first particle と (to). Now と (to) is a particle which can be translated as with or together or even and. This particle follows nouns and shows an action that is done together with someone else. Let’s go back to where this appeared in the conversation. Can you repeat that sentence? |
| Naomi: 私はファブリツィオとサルサをします。(Watashi wa Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| Peter: Now let’s take a look at the components of this sentence. |
| Naomi: 私 (watashi) |
| Peter: I, followed by |
| Naomi: は (wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. |
| Naomi: ファブリツィオ (Faburitsio) |
| Peter: Fabrizio. |
| Naomi: と (to) |
| Peter: Here we have the particle と (to) and と (to) in this context meaning with. So I Fabrizio with, followed by |
| Naomi: サルサ (sarusa) |
| Peter: Salsa dancing. |
| Naomi: を (o) |
| Peter: Object marking particle. |
| Naomi: します (shimasu) |
| Peter: Will do. I Fabrizio with salsa dancing will do. I will salsa dance with Fabrizio. So how do you say with Peter? |
| Naomi: ピーターさんと (Pītā-san to) |
| Peter: How do you say with Higashi? |
| Naomi: 東さんと (Higashi-san to) |
| Peter: Okay, so can we have another example? |
| Naomi: 私は東さんとカラオケをします。(Watashi wa Higashi-san to karaoke o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I will karaoke with Higashi. |
| Naomi: ファブリツィオさんは冬果さんとダンスをします。(Faburitsio-san wa Fuyuka-san to dansu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: Fabrizio will dance with Fuyuka. The next particle we will take a look at is で (de). Now で (de) is a particle which indicates a location of an action and it is equivalent to in or at in English. So the place precedes で (de). Let’s go back to the conversation where this appeared. ナオミ先生、お願いします。(Naomi-sensei, onegai shimasu.) |
| Naomi: 私はうちでビリーズブートキャンプをします。(Watashi wa uchi de Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I am going to do Billy’s boot camp at home. Now let’s take a look at the components of this sentence. First we have |
| Naomi: 私 (watashi) |
| Peter: I, followed by |
| Naomi: は (wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. Then we have |
| Naomi: うち (uchi) |
| Peter: Home, followed by |
| Naomi: で (de) |
| Peter: This is where the action is taking place. At the home. So she is exercising to Billy’s boot camp at home. Next we have |
| Naomi: ビリーズブートキャンプ (Birīzu Būto Kyanpu) |
| Peter: Billy’s boot camp, followed by |
| Naomi: を (o) |
| Peter: Object marking particle and last |
| Naomi: します (shimasu) |
| Peter: Will do. |
| Naomi: 東京でデートをします。(Tōkyō de dēto o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I am going to go on a date in Tokyo. |
| Naomi: 駅でデートをします。(Eki de dēto o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I am going to go on a date at the station. So this で (de) marks when an action takes place. Let’s have one more final example. |
| Naomi: ジムでテニスをします。(Jimu de tenisu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I will play tennis at the gym. So, location, ジム (jimu) gym, で (de), ジムで (jimu de), at the gym. 駅で (eki de), at the station. Now Naomi-sensei, one last thing before we go. Can we use と (to) and で (de) together in one sentence? |
| Naomi: 秋さんとジムでテニスをします。(Shū-san to jimu de tenisu o shimasu.) |
| Peter: I will play tennis at the gym with Shu. |
Outro |
| Peter: All right, that is going to do for today. |
| Naomi: じゃあ、また。(Jā, mata.) |
| DIALOGUE |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : 今日の 夜、暇ですか。(Kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| キム ミヨン (Kimu Mi yon) : ごめんなさい。今日の夜は だめです。東さんと 銀座で 映画をみます。(Gomen nasai. Kyō no yoru wa dame desu. Higashi-san to Ginza de eiga o mimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。東と。銀座で。映画を。へぇー。いいですね。・・・あ、冬果さん、今日の夜、暇ですか。(Hē. Higashi to. Ginza de. Eiga o. Hē. Ii desu ne.... A, Fuyuka-san, kyō no yoru, hima desu ka.) |
| 北川 冬果 (Kitagawa Fuyuka) : 今夜？暇じゃないです。ファブリツィオと サルサを します。(Kon’ya? Hima ja nai desu. Faburitsio to sarusa o shimasu.) |
| 西本 秋 (Nishimoto Shū) : へぇー。ファブリツィオと。サルサを。へぇー。いいですね。あ、南・・・。(Hē. Faburitsio to. Sarusa o. Hē. Ii desu ne. A, Minami....) |
| 南 夏見 (Minami Natsumi) : 私は 忙しいです。うちで ビリーズ ブートキャンプを します。(Watashi wa isogashii desu. Uchi de Birīzu Būto Kyanpu o shimasu.) |
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