Learn about forming the negative of i-adjectives
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sakura: さくらです。(Sakura desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Sakura-san, what are we talking about today? Can you give us some background about the story? |
| Sakura: It’s a story about a husband and his wife and it’s wife’s birthday. |
| Peter: Very important day. Now how can we say birthday in Japanese? |
| Sakura: 誕生日 (tanjōbi) |
| Peter: Okay, we are going to cover this in today’s vocab and we will break it down and explain it in detail there. So for now, just pay attention to see if you can pick up the word in the conversation. Now what’s interesting about today’s conversation is the politeness level. Now Sakura-san, we always talk about the politeness level. In between, husband and wife, what kind of Japanese is usually used? |
| Sakura: Very informal. |
| Peter: Very informal Japanese. Stuff you usually don’t find in textbooks. |
| Sakura: No... |
| Peter: In today’s conversation, the husband is actually using very polite Japanese. Why is he doing this? |
| Sakura: Because he is going to be very nice on her birthday. |
| Peter: Yeah, so let’s find out what happens in today’s conversation. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 夫 (otto) : 誕生日おめでとうございます。(Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : おはよう！ありがとう。今何時？(Ohayō! Arigatō. Ima nan-ji?) |
| 夫 (otto) : ９時４５分でございます。かなり遅いですよ。(Ku-ji yon-jū go-fun de gozaimasu. Kanari osoi desu yo.) |
| 朝ご飯は１０時からですよ。私が作りますよ。(Asagohan wa jū-ji kara desu yo. Watashi ga tsukurimasu yo.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : 朝ご飯を作るの？どういう風の吹き回し？(Asagohan o tsukuru no? Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| 夫 (otto) : 更に、午後の１時に私たちは歌舞伎を見ます。(Sara ni, gogo no ichi-ji ni watashi-tachi wa Kabuki o mimasu.) |
| そして、夜７時においしいフランス料理を食べます。今日はお忙しいですよ。(Soshite, yoru shichi-ji ni oishii Furansu ryōri o tabemasu. Kyō wa o-isogashii desu yo.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : うれしい！今日は優しいね。(Ureshii! Kyō wa yasashii ne.) |
| もう一度お願いします。ゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 夫 (otto) : 誕生日おめでとうございます。(Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : おはよう！ありがとう。今何時？(Ohayō! Arigatō. Ima nan-ji?) |
| 夫 (otto) : ９時４５分でございます。かなり遅いですよ。(Ku-ji yon-jū go-fun de gozaimasu. Kanari osoi desu yo.) |
| 朝ご飯は１０時からですよ。私が作りますよ。(Asagohan wa jū-ji kara desu yo. Watashi ga tsukurimasu yo.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : 朝ご飯を作るの？どういう風の吹き回し？(Asagohan o tsukuru no? Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| 夫 (otto) : 更に、午後の１時に私たちは歌舞伎を見ます。(Sara ni, gogo no ichi-ji ni watashi-tachi wa Kabuki o mimasu.) |
| そして、夜７時においしいフランス料理を食べます。今日はお忙しいですよ。(Soshite, yoru shichi-ji ni oishii Furansu ryōri o tabemasu. Kyō wa o-isogashii desu yo.) |
| 妻 (tsuma) : うれしい！今日は優しいね。(Ureshii! Kyō wa yasashii ne.) |
| 次は英語が入ります。(Tsugi wa Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 夫 (otto) : 誕生日おめでとうございます。(Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| HUSBAND: Happy Birthday! |
| 妻 (tsuma) : おはよう！ありがとう。今何時？(Ohayō! Arigatō. Ima nan-ji?) |
| WIFE: Morning! Thanks. What time is it? |
| 夫 (otto) : ９時４５分でございます。かなり遅いですよ。(Ku-ji yon-jū go-fun de gozaimasu. Kanari osoi desu yo.) |
| HUSBAND: Nine forty-five. Pretty late, you know. |
| 夫 (otto) : 朝ご飯は１０時からですよ。私が作りますよ。(Asagohan wa jū-ji kara desu yo. Watashi ga tsukurimasu yo.) |
| HUSBAND: Breakfast starts at ten AM. I'm cooking. |
| 妻 (tsuma) : 朝ご飯を作るの？どういう風の吹き回し？(Asagohan o tsukuru no? Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| WIFE: You're making breakfast? What's gotten into you? |
| 夫 (otto) : 更に、午後の１時に私たちは歌舞伎を見ます。(Sara ni, gogo no ichi-ji ni watashi-tachi wa Kabuki o mimasu.) |
| HUSBAND: Also, at one we'll watch Kabuki. |
| 夫 (otto) : そして、夜７時においしいフランス料理を食べます。今日はお忙しいですよ。(Soshite, yoru shichi-ji ni oishii Furansu ryōri o tabemasu. Kyō wa o-isogashii desu yo.) |
| HUSBAND: And then at seven tonight, we'll eat some delicious French cuisine. Today's going to be a busy day. |
| 妻 (tsuma) : うれしい！今日は優しいね。(Ureshii! Kyō wa yasashii ne.) |
| WIFE: Oh, I'm so happy! You're so nice today! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Sakura-san, what did you think? |
| Sakura: Umm, nice husband. |
| Peter: Well, it seems like he is nice today but what about the other days in the year? |
| Sakura: Umm… Wife was very surprised. |
| Peter: Yeah. So we can tell this isn’t a usual or a common thing. |
| Sakura: そうね。(Sō ne.) |
| Peter: Okay, we have so much to cover in today’s lesson. So let’s start with the vocab. Sakura-san, first word please. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sakura: 誕生日 (tanjōbi) |
| Peter: Birthday. |
| Sakura: (slow) たんじょうび (tanjōbi) (natural speed) 誕生日 (tanjōbi) |
| Peter: So let’s take a look at this word. It’s made up of three characters. Sakura-san, what do the first two mean? |
| Sakura: To be born. |
| Peter: And the third one? |
| Sakura: Day. |
| Peter: To be born day. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Birthday. Okay, Sakura-san, when is your birthday? |
| Sakura: January 8. |
| Peter: Really? |
| Sakura: Yes. 何で？(Nande?) |
| Peter: You have been doing the show for 2 years and I haven’t said it to you once. |
| Sakura: Ohhh, well it’s past now. ピーターさんは？(Pītā-san wa?) |
| Peter: October 30th. |
| Sakura: Ah… It’s hard to remember. まだまだだね。(Madamada da ne.) Long way to go. |
| Peter: In English, we have this expression. Happy belated birthday. So happy late birthday. |
| Sakura: ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: 誕生日おめでとうございます。(Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| Sakura: ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: This is what you say to someone for their birthday. What if you are late like I am? Do we say anything? I am just a few months late. Do we say anything? |
| Sakura: 遅くなりましたけど、お誕生日おめでとうございます。(Osoku narimashita kedo, o-tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Now two things about this. You said お誕生日 (o-tanjōbi). |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Now what’s going on here? |
| Sakura: I am making it formal. |
| Peter: Making it extra polite. |
| Sakura: Yes, extra polite. |
| Peter: And can you break down the first expression? |
| Sakura: 遅くなりましたが (osoku narimashita ga) |
| Peter: And just give it to us syllable by syllable. |
| Sakura: (slow) おそくなりましたが (osoku narimashita ga) (natural speed) 遅くなりましたが (osoku narimashita ga) |
| Peter: Now the grammar behind this expression is beyond the scope of this lesson but if you just remember the phrase, you should be okay. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: It’s become late but happy birthday. So happy belated birthday. Sorry I am late but happy birthday. Okay, this is followed by? |
| Sakura: おめでとうございます。(Omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Congratulations. This phrase is used often when congratulating someone. So here we have literally birthday congratulations and we translate this as happy birthday. Now for the wedding, congratulations on getting married, we would say? |
| Sakura: ご結婚おめでとうございます。(Go-kekkon omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: With the first part being wedding, wedding congratulations. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: So this expression おめでとうございます (omedetō gozaimasu) is used when congratulating someone. Next we have |
| Sakura: かなり (kanari) |
| Peter: Quite, pretty in adverb. |
| Sakura: (slow) かなり (kanari) (natural speed) かなり (kanari) |
| Peter: Now this is an adverb and it can be used to spice up your adjectives. In the dialogue we had |
| Sakura: かなり遅いですよ。(Kanari osoi desu yo.) |
| Peter: And this can be used with adjectives to increase the degree of what’s being described. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: For example in the dialogue, we had the next word. |
| Sakura: 遅い (osoi) |
| Peter: Late, slow. |
| Sakura: (slow) おそい (osoi) (natural speed) 遅い (osoi) |
| Peter: Then we put them together and we had |
| Sakura: かなり遅い (kanari osoi) |
| Peter: Quite late, pretty late referring to the fact that his wife is still in bed. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Sakura-san, do you sleep late? |
| Sakura: Yes. ピーターさんは？(Pītā-san wa?) |
| Peter: Next vocab word. |
| Sakura: Okay. 朝ご飯 (asagohan) |
| Peter: Breakfast. |
| Sakura: (slow) あさごはん (asagohan) (natural speed) 朝ご飯 (asagohan) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Sakura: 風 (kaze) |
| Peter: Wind. |
| Sakura: (slow) かぜ (kaze) (natural speed) 風 (kaze) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Sakura: 吹き回し (fukimawashi) |
| Peter: Turnaround, spun around. |
| Sakura: (slow) ふきまわし (fukimawashi) (natural speed) 吹き回し (fukimawashi) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Sakura: 更に (sara ni) |
| Peter: In addition. |
| Sakura: (slow) さらに (sarani) (natural speed) 更に (sara ni) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Sakura: 午後 (gogo) |
| Peter: Afternoon. |
| Sakura: (slow) ごご (gogo) (natural speed) 午後 (gogo) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Sakura: 歌舞伎 (Kabuki) |
| Peter: Kabuki. |
| Sakura: (slow) かぶき (Kabuki) (natural speed) 歌舞伎 (Kabuki) |
| Peter: And we are rushing through because we have to take a look at the dialogue. Next we have |
| Sakura: 見る (miru) |
| Peter: To look. |
| Sakura: (slow) みる (miru) (natural speed) 見る (miru) |
| Peter: Class II verb or 一段 (ichi-dan) as is known in Japanese. Next we have |
| Sakura: そして (soshite) |
| Peter: And then. |
| Sakura: (slow) そして (soshite) (natural speed) そして (soshite) |
| Peter: Finally. |
| Sakura: フランス料理 (Furansu ryōri) |
| Peter: French cuisine. |
| Sakura: (slow) ふらんすりょうり (Furansu ryōri) (natural speed) フランス料理 (Furansu ryōri) |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Okay Sakura-san, let’s take a look at this conversation. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Very interesting conversation. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Okay, first we have. |
| Sakura: 誕生日おめでとうございます。(Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Happy birthday. Again literally we have birthday congratulations. Happy birthday, followed by |
| Sakura: おはよう！(Ohayō!) |
| Peter: Now usually we have morning and this is very informal. Now if I was to see my teacher or a co-worker or my boss, what would I say Sakura-san? |
| Sakura: おはようございます。(Ohayō gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: We would need the ございます (gozaimasu) but here as husband and wife, おはよう (ohayō) very casual. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Morning, followed by |
| Sakura: ありがとう。(Arigatō.) |
| Peter: Thank you because she just was wished happy birthday. |
| Sakura: Yeah. |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Sakura: 今何時？(Ima nan-ji?) |
| Peter: Literally now what time? Now again, informal Japanese. So everything is dropped. |
| Sakura: Right. |
| Peter: Now in the textbook, how would you find this question? |
| Sakura: 今何時ですか。(Ima nan-ji desu ka.) |
| Peter: Or |
| Sakura: 今は何時ですか。(Ima wa nan-ji desu ka.) |
| Peter: Here the は (wa) gets dropped and the です (desu) plus the か (ka), the question marking particle, all drops. 今何時？(Ima nan-ji?) Okay, very casual Japanese. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: All right, and this is followed by |
| Sakura: 9時45分でございます。(Ku-ji yon-jū go-fun de gozaimasu.) |
| Peter: Okay, first we have the time 9:45 which is, one more time. |
| Sakura: 9時45分 (ku-ji yon-jū go-fun) |
| Peter: This is followed by |
| Sakura: ございます (gozaimasu) |
| Peter: Which is extremely polite. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Like this is more polite than polite Japanese if that made any sense. No but there are different levels of politeness in Japanese. Now the polite Japanese would be です (desu). |
| Sakura: です (desu) |
| Peter: But here we have ございます (gozaimasu) and this is actually used when you are a customer at a restaurant, something to show that the people serving you are being extremely polite. So there is a purpose for this. Sakura-san, what’s the purpose of the husband using ございます (gozaimasu)? |
| Sakura: Well he is showing that he is going to be very nice today. |
| Peter: Very nice today. Now ございます (gozaimasu) is actually the polite Japanese for the verb |
| Sakura: です (desu) |
| Peter: So it is just another layer of politeness for the copula です (desu). |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: All right, then we have |
| Sakura: かなり遅いですよ。(Kanari osoi desu yo.) |
| Peter: Okay, first part we have |
| Sakura: かなり (kanari) |
| Peter: Quite, followed by |
| Sakura: 遅い (osoi) |
| Peter: Late. Quite late, followed by |
| Sakura: です (desu) |
| Peter: It’s and last we have |
| Sakura: よ (yo) |
| Peter: So quite late it is. It’s quite late plus the よ (yo), the particle at the end is adding emphasis here. It’s pretty late, followed by |
| Sakura: 朝ご飯は10時からですよ。(Asagohan wa jū-ji kara desu yo.) |
| Peter: Breakfast is from 10. Okay, but let’s take a look at how the Japanese are structured. First we have |
| Sakura: 朝ご飯 (asagohan) |
| Peter: Breakfast, marked by the topic marking particle |
| Sakura: は (wa) |
| Peter: Followed by |
| Sakura: 10時から (jū-ji kara) |
| Peter: 10 from breakfast 10 from is. |
| Sakura: ですよ (desu yo) |
| Peter: Is |
| Sakura: Right. |
| Peter: But again we translate this to “Breakfast is from 10.” And she follows this with |
| Sakura: 私が作ります。(Watashi ga tsukurimasu.) |
| Peter: I will make it. Okay, in Japanese, there is past and non-past. Here 作ります (tsukurimasu) is the polite non-past. So I will make it. |
| Sakura: Right. |
| Peter: 私 (watashi) marked by が (ga), the subject marker, 私が作ります (watashi ga tsukurimasu). I will make it. So Sakura-san, judging by this next reaction, how often does he make breakfast? |
| Sakura: Never. |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Sakura: 朝ご飯を作るの？(Asagohan o tsukuru no?) |
| Peter: Now we gave you the polite Japanese, 私が作ります (watashi ga tsukurimasu). Here is the informal. One more time, Sakura-san. |
| Sakura: 朝ご飯を作るの？(Asagohan o tsukuri no?) |
| Peter: Breakfast, 朝ご飯 (asagohan), marked by the object marker を (o), 朝ご飯を作るの？ (asagohan o tsukuru no?), here we have the verb to make. In its dictionary form followed by の (no) which is often used in informal Japanese when asking questions. |
| Sakura: Right. |
| Peter: So literally “breakfast will make.” The subject is left out here but it can be inferred from the previous sentence. He said that he was going to make it. So here she is repeating that. You are going to make it? You are going to make breakfast? |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: But we can drop that out because we know that the subject is him. So literally we have “breakfast make,” but it should be translated as, you are making breakfast? |
| Sakura: Right. |
| Peter: All right, and then next we have an expression that Sakura-san wanted to put in. I said this is newbie, it could be a little difficult. |
| Sakura: Maybe we can just remember it as a phrase. |
| Peter: Exactly. Actually I wanted to put it in because this is even studying material for me. A great expression. Sakura-san, here we go. |
| Sakura: どういう風の吹き回し？(Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| Peter: Okay, first part どういう (dō iu), what kind. This is a phrase that’s very common in spoken Japanese. |
| Sakura:Yes. |
| Peter: どういう事 (dō iu koto), what kind of thing? What happened? What do you mean, what are you talking about, followed by |
| Sakura: 風 (kaze) |
| Peter: Wind. What kind of wind, followed by |
| Sakura: の (no) |
| Peter: Possessive. What kind of winds |
| Sakura: 吹き回し (fukimawashi) |
| Peter: Came blowing in. What kind of winds blew in? This is translated as what’s gotten into you? Now you could think of it as the wind blowing into you or you being swept up by the wind and they are changing you. You could remember this as a phrase if someone is acting out of character… |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: This is the time you use it. |
| Sakura: どういう風の吹き回し？(Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| Peter: So if I was nice to Sakura-san, she could say |
| Sakura: ピーターさん、どういう風の吹き回し？(Pītā-san, dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
| Peter: How can I answer this, 北の風 (kita no kaze) or something like this or like a literal direction…? |
| Sakura: えー、何だろう。(Ē, nan darō.) |
| Peter: Like the north wind or… |
| Sakura: Maybe you can say いつもと同じだよ (itsumo to onaji da yo), I’m just the same. |
| Peter: Same as always. |
| Sakura: Yeah. |
| Peter: All right. More about this on the site. Just stop by japanesepod101.com. All right, Sakura-san, next we have |
| Sakura: 更に午後の１時に私たちは歌舞伎を見ます。(Sara ni gogo no ichi-ji ni watashi-tachi wa Kabuki o mimasu.) |
| Peter: First we have |
| Sakura: 更に (sara ni) |
| Peter: In addition, followed by |
| Sakura: 午後の (gogo no) |
| Peter: Afternoons. |
| Sakura: １時 (ichi-ji) |
| Peter: 1 o’ clock. |
| Sakura: に (ni) |
| Peter: Particle に (ni) here. Again with time, use the particle に (ni), followed by |
| Sakura: 私たち (watashi-tachi) |
| Peter: We. So up until now, we have afternoons, 1 o'clock, we. |
| Sakura: は (wa) |
| Peter: Topic marking particle. |
| Sakura: 歌舞伎を (Kabuki o) |
| Peter: Marking the object. |
| Sakura: 見ます (mimasu) |
| Peter: Will watch. “In addition, afternoons, 1 o’clock at, we will Kabuki watch” literally, but we translate this as in addition, the first part is actually the same. In addition, we will watch Kabuki at 1 o'clock in the afternoon. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: And then we skip to we 私たちは (watashi-tachi wa), then we skip to the verb at the end, we will watch and then come back to the object. Kabuki finishes it off with the time at the end. In the afternoon at 1 o’ clock. Then we have |
| Sakura: そして、夜７時においしいフランス料理を食べます。(Soshite, yoru shichi-ji ni oishii Furansu-ryōri o tabemasu.) |
| Peter: First we have |
| Sakura: そして (soshite) |
| Peter: And then |
| Sakura: 夜 (yoru) |
| Peter: Night. |
| Sakura: ７時 (shichi-ji) |
| Peter: 7 o’ clock. |
| Sakura: に (ni) |
| Peter: And again marking time, we mark it with the particle に (ni). |
| Sakura: おいしい (oishii) |
| Peter: Delicious. |
| Sakura: フランス料理 (Furansu ryōri) |
| Peter: French cuisine. |
| Sakura: を食べます (o tabemasu) |
| Peter: Will eat. Now again, notice here the subject is gone. Literally we have and then 7 at night. “7 o’clock, night 7 at delicious French cuisine will eat.” Where is the subject? Again it’s inferred. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: From the previous sentence, we will go to watch Kabuki, we will go to eat. So it doesn’t need to be repeated. It can be dropped just for comparison. Sakura-san, can you give us the proper sentence? |
| Sakura: そして、私たちは夜７時においしいフランス料理を食べます。(Soshite, watashi-tachi wa yoru shichi-ji ni oishii Furansu ryōri o tabemasu.) |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Sakura: 今日はお忙しいですよ。(Kyō wa o-isogashii desu yo.) |
| Peter: Today very busy. Now Sakura-san, again who is busy here? |
| Sakura: Wife. |
| Peter: Yes. Then the dialogue ends with the wife saying |
| Sakura: うれしい！(Ureshii!) |
| Peter: I am happy. Translated I am happy, but literally just happy. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: But I am happy is inferred. |
| Sakura: Umm, yeah. |
| Peter: Then we have |
| Sakura: 今日は優しいのね。(Kyō wa yasashii no ne.) |
| Peter: Today nice, right? 今日 (kyō) today, 優しい (yasashii) nice. Here ね (ne) is sentence ending particle and here it is acting as a tag question. Today nice, right? but who is nice, Sakura-san? |
| Sakura: Husband. |
| Peter: Yes, husband is inferred because of the nice actions he is doing. Okay, we covered so much today. Sakura-san, can we call this a newbie lesson? |
| Sakura: ちょっと難しい？(Chotto muzukashii?) |
| Peter: A little difficult but any questions, stop by japanesepod101.com, leave us a post. That’s what it’s for the interactiveness of it. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Leave us a post, we will get back to you. All right, that’s going to do for today. Don’t forget to stop by, pick up the PDF plus this expression. One more time Sakura-san, now what’s gotten into you? |
| Sakura: どういう風の吹き回し？(Dō iu kaze no fukimawashi?) |
Outro |
|---|
| Peter: Great phrase. All right, that’s going to do for today. |
| Sakura: またね。(Mata ne.) |
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