Learn how to use the sentence pattern "I assume..."
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, I'm John. |
| Risa: And I'm Risa. |
| John: And welcome to Must-Know Japanese Sentence Structures, Season 1, Lesson 31 - Talking About Assumptions. |
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use a sentence pattern for expressing assumptions. |
| PATTERN |
| John: For example, |
| John: "Rika should be coming soon." |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| Risa: [slow] りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| John: The pattern for expressing assumptions has three elements. First, an informal sentence meaning "Rika is coming soon." |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来る (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru). |
| John: Second, a noun indicating one's assumptions. |
| Risa: はず (hazu ). |
| John: Third, a linking verb. |
| Risa: です (desu). |
| John: Altogether, we have... "Rika should be coming soon." |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) [slow] りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) [normal] りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| John: The sentence pattern for expressing assumptions is a sentence that informally expresses what you assume plus the noun indicating the assumption, |
| Risa: はず (hazu ) |
| John: followed by the linking verb, |
| Risa: です (desu). |
| John: So, "Rika should be coming soon." would be |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| John: So, to express assumptions, remember to first say the thing that should be true or happen in the informal form, plus |
| Risa: はず (hazu ) |
| John: then add the linking verb, |
| Risa: です (desu). |
| John: Here is another example, meaning "A package should arrive today." First, an informal sentence meaning "A package will arrive today." |
| Risa: 荷物は、今日着く (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku). |
| John: Second, the noun indicating one's assumptions. |
| Risa: はず (hazu ). |
| John: Third, the linking verb. |
| Risa: です (desu). |
| John: Altogether we have... |
| Risa: 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) [slow] 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) [normal] 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) |
| John: "A package should arrive today." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) |
| John: How do you say, "I'm sure my sister just left home." To give you a hint, "to leave home just now" is... |
| Risa: さっき家を出る (sakki ie o deru). [slow] さっき家を出る (sakki ie o deru) |
| John: Notice that “just left home” is in the past, so it should be |
| Risa: さっき家を出た (sakki ie o deta) [slow] さっき家を出た (sakki ie o deta) |
| John: "I'm sure my sister just left home." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) [slow] 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) [normal] 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) |
| REVIEW |
| John: Let's review the sentences from this lesson. I will give you the English equivalent of the phrase and you are responsible for shouting it out loud in Japanese. Here we go. |
| John: "Rika should be coming soon." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| John: "A package should arrive today." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 荷物は、今日着くはずです。 (Nimotsu wa, kyō tsuku hazu desu.) |
| John: "I'm sure my sister just left home." |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) |
| [pause] |
| Risa: 妹はさっき家を出たはずです。 (Imōto wa sakki ie o deta hazu desu.) |
Outro |
|---|
| John: Okay. That's all for this lesson. You learned a pattern for expressing assumptions, as in... |
| Risa: りかさんは、もうすぐ来るはずです。 (Rika-san wa, mō sugu kuru hazu desu.) |
| John: meaning "Rika should be coming soon." |
| John: You can find more vocab or phrases that go with this sentence pattern in the lesson notes. So please be sure to check them out on JapanesePod101.com. Thanks everyone, see you next time! |
| Risa: またね！(Mata ne!). |
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