Learn about the Japanese indirect passive voice
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ |
| Chris: Chris here. Express Your Annoyance in Japanese. |
| Chris: ใใฎใฌใในใณใฎๆๆณใใคใณใใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ๅ่บซใงใใ |
| Chris: In this lesson, you'll learn the usage of ukemi, or passive sentences. |
| Naomi: ็นใซใใ่ฟทๆใฎๅ่บซใใๅๅผทใใพใใ |
| Chris: Especially, we'll work on "meiwaku no ukemi" - the indirect passive or suffering passive. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฏไบไบบใฎ้ซๆ ก็ใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ้ฃ้ ๅใจๆ ๆๅใงใใญใ |
| Chris: The conversation is between two high school students. |
| Naomi: ๅ้ใชใฎใงใซใธใฅใขใซใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
| Chris: Since they're friends, they're speaking informally. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Chris: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| Dialogue |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฎๅใใใใใใฎๅฅณใฎๅญใใกใซๅฅฝใใใๅคขใ่ฆใใใ ใๆญฃๅคขใใชใ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๅฎใฏๅนธใใ ใชใปใปใปใๅใไป้ฑใๆฌๅฝใซใคใใฆใชใใฃใใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใ๏ผ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆๆใ็ฌใซใปใใใใฆใ่ปขใใง่ถณใๆใฃใใใปใปใปใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ็ฌใซใปใใใใใใ่ปขใใ ใฎใ๏ผใงใใใใพใใชใใฆใใใฃใใใใใ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ใพใใญใใงใ็ซๆใซใใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใฎใธใผใณใบใ ่ฆชใซ ๆดใใใใใ ใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใ๏ผใธใผใณใบ ๆดใใชใใฎ๏ผ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆดใใชใใใใใใใใณใใผใธใธใผใณใบใง ้ซใใฃใใใ ใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใปใปใปใฃใฆใใใใ่ฆชใ ๆดๆฟฏใใฆใใใใใ ใ |
| ใใใชใใใใกใฎ่ฆชใๆดๆฟฏใใฆใใใชใใใ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ใตใผใใใใใใใๆฐดๆๆฅใฏ้ๅ ดใงๅ ่ผฉใซ้กใใใใใฆใๅฃใฎไธญใๅใฃใกใใฃใใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใใปใปใปใ |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆจๆฅใฎ้ ่ถณใฏใ้จใซ้ใใใใใๅ จใใใคใใฆใชใใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใฎ่จณใจไธ็ทใซ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใฎๅใใใใใใฎๅฅณใฎๅญใใกใซๅฅฝใใใๅคขใ่ฆใใใ ใๆญฃๅคขใใชใ |
| Minoru Nasu: A while ago, I had a dream where loads of girls were in love with me. I wonder whether it was a prophetic dream. |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๅฎใฏๅนธใใ ใชใปใปใปใๅใไป้ฑใๆฌๅฝใซใคใใฆใชใใฃใใใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: It's all right for you, Minoru... This week really wasn't my week. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใ๏ผ |
| Minoru Nasu: Really? |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆๆใ็ฌใซใปใใใใฆใ่ปขใใง่ถณใๆใฃใใใปใปใปใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: On Monday a dog barked at me, and I tripped and hit my leg... |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ็ฌใซใปใใใใใใ่ปขใใ ใฎใ๏ผใงใใใใพใใชใใฆใใใฃใใใใใ |
| Minoru Nasu: So you tripped because a dog barked at you? But at least you weren't bitten, right? |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ใพใใญใใงใ็ซๆใซใใๆฐใซๅ ฅใใฎใธใผใณใบใ ่ฆชใซ ๆดใใใใใ ใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: I guess. So then on Tuesday, my mom went and washed my favorite jeans. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใ๏ผใธใผใณใบ ๆดใใชใใฎ๏ผ |
| Minoru Nasu: Huh? You don't wash your jeans? |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆดใใชใใใใใใใใณใใผใธใธใผใณใบใง ้ซใใฃใใใ ใใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: No! They're vintage, and they were expensive! |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใปใปใปใฃใฆใใใใ่ฆชใ ๆดๆฟฏใใฆใใใใใ ใ |
| Minoru Nasu: ...That aside, your mom does your laundry for you? |
| :ใใใชใใใใกใฎ่ฆชใๆดๆฟฏใใฆใใใชใใใ |
| That must be nice. My mom doesn't do my laundry for me. |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ใตใผใใใใใใใๆฐดๆๆฅใฏ้ๅ ดใงๅ ่ผฉใซ้กใใใใใฆใๅฃใฎไธญใๅใฃใกใใฃใใใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: Really... And then, on Wednesday at the dojo, I was kicked in the face by my senpai, and I cut the inside of my mouth. |
| ้ฃ้ ๅฎ: ใใใปใปใปใ |
| Minoru Nasu: Jeez... |
| ๆ ๆ่ฑๅคช้: ๆจๆฅใฎ้ ่ถณใฏใ้จใซ้ใใใใใๅ จใใใคใใฆใชใใใ |
| Mametaro Kuribayashi: And then yesterday's class trip was rained out. I really have no luck. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: ใใฎใปใปใป่ณชๅใชใใงใใใฉใใใณใใผใธใธใผใณใบใฃใฆๆดใใชใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ๆๅใฏใๆดใใชใใฟใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ๆฑใใชใใฎ๏ผ |
| Chris: ๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใใฎใใใใใชใชใใใใใใใฎๆใซใใฎใธใผใณใบใๅฑฅใใใพใพใงใใ้ขจๅใซๅ ฅใฃใฆใใใงๆดใใจใใใฟใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใชใใงใใใ |
| Chris: ใใใง่ชๅใฎ่ถณใฎๅฝขใญใผใใงใใใฃใฆ่ใใใใงใใใฉใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใญใ |
| Chris: So Iโve heard that vintage jeans shouldn't be washed for a while, and when they're starting to stink you can wear them into the bath to make sure they keep the shape of your legs. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใจใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใงใใญใใใคใขใญใฐใงใญใใงใใใคใขใญใฐใฎไธญใงๅฎๅใใใๆญฃๅคขใใชใใใจใใฃใฆใใพใใใใใๆญฃๅคขใใฃใฆ่ฑ่ชใงใชใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: In the dialogue, Minoru said that it might have been aใใพใใใใ, which is a "prophetic dream" in English. ๆญฃๅคขใ่ฆใใใจใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ Have you ever had a prophetic dream, Naomi-sensei? |
| Naomi: ใใผใใๅคๅใใชใใจๆใใพใใๅคขใฏใใๅฟใใกใใใฎใงใใใใพใใใญใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใฏใชในใตใณใฏ๏ผ |
| Chris: ๅฎใฏใกใใฃใจไฟกใใชใใฎใงใใๆญฃๅคขใใฃใฆใใใฎใ่จๆถใฎใใชใใฏใใชใจๆใฃใฆใใฆใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใญใ |
| Chris: I havenโt really had a prophetic dream because I donโt think they exist, but I donโt know, maybe they do. |
| Naomi: ใชในใใผใฎ็ใใใฏใใพใใใใใ่ฆใใใจใใใใพใใ๏ผใใฃใใใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Chris: So, listeners, have you ever had a prophetic dream? If you have, please share it with us! |
| Vocabulary and Phrases |
| Chris: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. The first word we shall see is: |
| Naomi: ๆญฃๅคข [natural native speed] |
| Chris: prophetic dream, dream that comes true |
| Naomi: ๆญฃๅคข [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆญฃๅคข [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ใปใใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: to bark, to howl ;V2 |
| Naomi: ใปใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ใปใใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: to bite, to chew; V1 |
| Naomi: ใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ใๆฐใซๅ ฅใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: favorite |
| Naomi: ใๆฐใซๅ ฅใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ใๆฐใซๅ ฅใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: Next, |
| Naomi: ่นดใ [natural native speed] |
| Chris: to kick, to reject; V1 |
| Naomi: ่นดใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ่นดใ [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCABULARY AND PHRASES |
| Chris: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏใๅ่ชใจใใฌใผใบใๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Chris: ๆๅใฎ่กจ็พใฏ๏ผ What's the first expression? |
| Naomi: ใคใใฆใใ |
| Chris: "to be lucky". The verb tsuku has several meanings, and one of those meanings is "to be in luck." It's usually used in the present progressive form. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใไพใใฐใใ็งใฏใไปๆฅใใคใใฆใใใ |
| Chris: "I'm having good luck today." |
| Naomi: ๅๅฏพใฎ่จ่ใฏ ใใคใใฆใใชใใ |
| Chris: The opposite expression is ใคใใฆใใชใ "to be out of luck" or "to have bad luck". ใฒใจใ่จใง่จใไบบใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใ๏ผใใใฃใ๏ฝ๏ผใคใใฆใใใจใใใใใผใใคใใฆใชใใใจใ๏ผ |
| Chris: Yes. That's what I meant. Can we hear them one more time? So when something good happens, a person might say... |
| Naomi: ใใฃใใใคใใฆใใ |
| Chris: "Yay. I'm in luck." And when something bad things happen... |
| Naomi: ใใผใคใใฆใชใ |
| Chris: "Man, I'm out of luck." |
| ๆฌกใฎ่กจ็พใฏ๏ผ What's the next expression? |
| Naomi: ใฃใฆใใใ |
| Chris: "I mean" or "actually". It's basically used to rephrase what has just been said. |
| Naomi: ใใใใกใใฃใจไผ่ฉฑใใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| ไปๆฅใฏใๆถผใใใปใปใปใฃใฆใใใๅฏใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: "Today is cool ...well, actually it's cold." |
| Naomi: ่ฆชใใใ้ใๅใใใปใปใปใฃใฆใใใใใใใพใใใ |
| Chris: "I borrowed ... I mean, I got some money from my parents." |
| ใใฆใใใ๏ฝใใconversation starter ใซไฝฟใไบบใใใพใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใ่ฅใไบบใซๅคใใงใใญใไพใใฐใใใใฏใใใใปใปใปใฃใฆใใใๅฏใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใฏใๆญฃใใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใกใงใใญ๏ฝใใงใใใใใใ้ขจใซไฝฟใ่ฅใไบบใฏใใพใใใฉใญใ |
| Chris: So we don't recommend the usage of ใฆใใใ as a conversation starter as it's grammatically incorrect, but ใฆใใใ meaning "I mean" is frequently used in casual conversations. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใ็งใฏใ"I mean"ใฎๆๅณใฎใใฆใใใใใฏใใไฝฟใใพใใๆฌๅฝใซใใไฝฟใใพใใ |
| Chris: ใชใใปใฉใ |
| Naomi: ใฏใชในใใใฏ๏ผใ |
| Chris: ใ ใถใใใใไฝฟใฃใฆใใพใใญใ่ฑ่ชใงใใ |
| Naomi: ่ฑ่ชใงใญ, I mean. |
| Chris: I mean ใชใใจใ, I mean... I mean... |
| Naomi: ใชใใปใฉใญใไพฟๅฉใช่จ่ใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Chris: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ๆฏ้่ฆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Chris: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use the ่ฟทๆใฎใใใฟ or indirect passive. |
| Naomi: ่ฑ่ชใซใฏใชใใงใใญใ |
| Chris: Right. There isn't an equivalent in English grammar. Can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: ็งใฏ็ฌใซ้ใใใใใ |
| Chris: Literally "I was escaped by the dog", or "The dog escaped on me." in more natural English, "I was annoyed, or troubled, because the dog escaped." Notice that the subject or victim ใใใ "I" was marked by... |
| Naomi: ใฏ |
| Chris: And the doer of the action in this case ใใฌ "dog" was marked by |
| Naomi: ใซ |
| Chris: Then we have the passive form of a verb. |
| Naomi: ้ใใใใ |
| Chris: "was escaped" |
| So the formation is [victim]ใฏ[villain]ใซ[passive form of a verb] |
| Naomi: ใใใ็ทด็ฟใใพใใใใLet's practice. |
| Chris: Let's say "A child cried, and Hanako was troubled." |
| First of all, who is the victim? |
| Naomi: ใฏใชใ |
| Chris: So "Victim plus particle wa" |
| Naomi: ใฏใชใใฏ |
| Chris: Who is the doer of the action, or who caused the trouble? |
| Naomi: a child - ใใฉใ |
| Chris: So doer of the action plus particle ใซ. So.. |
| Naomi: ใใฉใใซ |
| Chris: So far we have? |
| Naomi: ใฏใชใใฏใใฉใใซ |
| Chris: Lastly attach the passive form of a verb. How do you say to cry? |
| Naomi: ใชใใใ |
| Chris: ใชใใใ is the past passive form of a verb ใชใ to cry. |
| All together? |
| Naomi: ใฏใชใใฏๅญไพใซๆณฃใใใใ |
| Chris: "A child cried and Hanako was troubled." OK. Repeat after Naomi-sensei! |
| Naomi: ใฏใชใใฏๅญไพใซๆณฃใใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใไธใค็ทด็ฟใใพใใใใ |
| Chris: This time your friend smoked and you were annoyed by it. Who is the victim? |
| Naomi: ใใใ โIโ |
| Chris: So you should start the sentence with |
| Naomi: ใใใใฏ |
| Chris: And who is the villain? |
| Naomi: ๅ้ โfriendโ |
| Chris: To that, you attach ใซ, so we have... |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๅ้ใซ |
| Chris: Then attach the passive form of a verb. Now "to smoke" isใฟใใณใใใ, isn't it? What's the passive form? |
| Naomi: ใฟใใณใใใใใ |
| Chris: The past tense is? |
| Naomiใฟใใณใใใใใ |
| Chris: So all together๏ผ |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๅ้ใซใฟใใณใใใใใใ |
| Chris: Ok. Listen and repeat."My friend smoked and I was annoyed." |
| Naomi: ็งใฏๅ้ใซใฟใใณใใใใใ |
| Chris: Let's recap this lesson. In the dialogue, Kuribayashi-kun said his mother washed his jeans and he was annoyed. |
| How do you say that sentence? |
| (pause) Here's a hint. Victim is? |
| Naomi: ๆ ๆๅ |
| Chris: The villain is? |
| Naomi: ใๆฏใใ |
| (pause) |
| Chris: Did you get that? Naomi-sensei, the answer is? |
| Naomi: ๆ ๆๅใฏใๆฏใใใซใธใผใณใบใๆดใใใใ |
| Chris: Mr. Kuribayashi's mother washed his jeans and he was annoyed. By the way, ใใใใใ is a tongue twister, isn't it? |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใฏใชในใใใใใฟใพใใใใใไธๅ่จใฃใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Chris: ใใใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใใใใใใใกใใจๆฉใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ใใใใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใๆฉใไธๅ่กใฃใฆใฟใฆใ |
| Chris: ใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใ๏ผ |
| Chris: ๅใฏ็ด็พๅ ็ใซใใใใใใพใใใNaomi sensei is giving me a hard time. |
| Naomi: ใใใใงใชใใงใใ้ใใ ใ ใใงใใ |
| Chris: Well, it did make a good last example sentence. |
Outro |
| Naomi: ใใใใใฎใฌใในใณใฏใใฎ่พบใงใ |
| Chris: That's all for this lesson. See you next time. |
| Naomi: ใใใใพใ! |
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