Learn about using "te iru" and "te aru"
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuichi: ็ฅไธใงใใ |
| Naomi: ็ด็พใงใใ |
| Jessi: Jessi here. Why Didnโt You Wake Me Up for the Japanese Tour? |
| Naomi: ใใใใกใใใไปๅใฎในใใผใชใผใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฏใDJใใญใณใฎใฉใธใช็ช็ตใงใใ |
| Jessi: DJ Makiko is back! This conversation is part of DJ Makiko's radio program. |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฎใฒในใใซใฏใๆจ็ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใๆฅใฆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: The guest of the show is a novelist who writes mystery novels. They will be speaking formally. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎๆๆณใใคใณใใฏไฝใงใใใใ |
| Yuichi: ใฆใใใใจใใฆใใใฎ้ใใงใใ |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you will learn the difference between te iru and te aru. Alright letโs listen in on the conversation. |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใฏ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| DIALOGUE |
| DJใใญใณ: ใฟใชใใใใใใฐใใฏใDJใใญใณใงใใ |
| : ไปๆฅใฏใๆจ็ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใๆฑไบ้ๅ ็ใซๅ ็ใฎๆฐไฝใใใคใณใฐใกใใปใผใธใใซใคใใฆใ่ฉฑใไผบใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| : ๅ ็ใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใฏใใใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏใใใใคใณใฐใกใใปใผใธใใง็ฏไบบใใใใฃใใจใใใใใ็ฉ่ชใๅงใพใใพใใ |
| : ใใใๅฎ็ณๅบใฎๅบไธปใๆฎบใใใใๅฝ็ถใ้ตใฏ้ใใฆใใฃใใ |
| : ๅบใฎๅบใซใฏใใใคใขใขใณใใไฝๅใ่ฝใกใฆใใใ |
| : ๅบไธปใฏใใคใขใขใณใใใฒใจใคๆกใฃใฆใใใใใๅบใฎๅฎ็ณใ็พ้ใฏไธใคใ็ใพใใฆใใชใใฃใใ |
| : ่ญฆๅฏใฏๅบไธปใซๆจใฟใๆใฃใ่ ใ็ฏไบบใงใใใจ่ใใ้็ฐ็ฏๅญใไธญๆๅนธๅญใๆ่ค้ ๅญใฎ3ไบบใๆชใใใจ่ใใใ |
| : ไธไบบใฎๅไบใใๅฎน็่ ใฎ่ช็ๆฅใ่ชฟในใใ |
| : ้็ฐใฏ3ๆ็ใพใใไธญๆใฏ4ๆ็ใพใใงใๆ่คใฏ12ๆ็ใพใใงใใใใ |
| DJใใญใณ: ใใใใ็ฐกๅใซ็ฏไบบใๅใใใพใใใญใ็งใซใ็ฏไบบใใ ใใๅใใใพใใ |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใใใฆใใใใใใ็ฏไบบใฎๆฒใใไบบ็ใๆฎบใใใๅบไธปใฎๆใใใ้ๅปใใใใฃใฆใใใปใปใปใจใใ็ฉ่ชใงใใ |
| DJใใญใณ: ใงใฏใใใใงใณใใผใทใฃใซใๅ ฅใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใๅ ฅใใพใใ |
| DJใใญใณ: ใฟใชใใใใใใฐใใฏใDJใใญใณใงใใ |
| Jessi: Good evening, everyone! I'm DJ Makiko. |
| DJใใญใณ: ไปๆฅใฏใๆจ็ๅฐ่ชฌๅฎถใๆฑไบ้ๅ ็ใซๅ ็ใฎๆฐไฝใใใคใณใฐใกใใปใผใธใใซใคใใฆใ่ฉฑใไผบใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Today, I'd like to ask mystery writer Goro Azuma about his latest work, "Dying Message." |
| DJใใญใณ: ๅ ็ใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Mr. Azuma, thanks for joining us. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใฏใใ |
| Jessi: Sure. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใใฎๅฐ่ชฌใฏใใใใคใณใฐใกใใปใผใธใใง็ฏไบบใใใใฃใใจใใใใใ็ฉ่ชใๅงใพใใพใใ |
| Jessi: In this novel, the story starts from the part where we find out who the criminal is through a "dying message." |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใใใๅฎ็ณๅบใฎๅบไธปใๆฎบใใใใ |
| Jessi: "The owner of a jewelry shop has been murdered. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ๅฝ็ถใ้ตใฏ้ใใฆใใฃใใ |
| Jessi: Naturally, the doors were locked. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ๅบใฎๅบใซใฏใใใคใขใขใณใใไฝๅใ่ฝใกใฆใใใ |
| Jessi: Several diamonds were scattered on the floor of the shop. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ๅบไธปใฏใใคใขใขใณใใใฒใจใคๆกใฃใฆใใใใใๅบใฎๅฎ็ณใ็พ้ใฏไธใคใ็ใพใใฆใใชใใฃใใ |
| Jessi: The owner had one diamond in his hand, but neither a single piece of jewelry nor any money whatsoever was taken from the shop. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ่ญฆๅฏใฏๅบไธปใซๆจใฟใๆใฃใ่ ใ็ฏไบบใงใใใจ่ใใ้็ฐ็ฏๅญใไธญๆๅนธๅญใๆ่ค้ ๅญใฎ3ไบบใๆชใใใจ่ใใใ |
| Jessi: The police believed that the criminal was someone who held a grudge against the owner and found three people, Setsuko Noda, Sachiko Nakamura, and Junko Saito, to be suspicious. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ไธไบบใฎๅไบใใๅฎน็่ ใฎ่ช็ๆฅใ่ชฟในใใ |
| Jessi: One of the detectives looked up the birthdays of the suspects. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ้็ฐใฏ3ๆ็ใพใใไธญๆใฏ4ๆ็ใพใใงใๆ่คใฏ12ๆ็ใพใใงใใใใ |
| Jessi: Ms. Noda was born in March, Ms. Nakamura was born in April, and Ms. Saito was born in December." |
| DJใใญใณ: ใใใใ็ฐกๅใซ็ฏไบบใๅใใใพใใใญใ |
| Jessi: Ohh, they easily learned who the criminal was. |
| DJใใญใณ: ็งใซใ็ฏไบบใใ ใใๅใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: I also know who it was. |
| ๆฑไบ้: ใใใฆใใใใใใ็ฏไบบใฎๆฒใใไบบ็ใๆฎบใใใๅบไธปใฎๆใใใ้ๅปใใใใฃใฆใใใปใปใปใจใใ็ฉ่ชใงใใ |
| Jessi: And then, from there, you learn about the sad life of the criminal and the terrible past of the owner who was murdered...that's the story. |
| DJใใญใณ: ใงใฏใใใใงใณใใผใทใฃใซใๅ ฅใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Let's go to commercials. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuichi: ใพใใฏใDJใใญใณใใใ็ฏไบบใๅใใฃใใจ่จใฃใฆใใพใใใใฉใไบไบบใฏ็ฏไบบๅใใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใใใใใ่ช็็ณ(birthstone)ใฎๅ้กใงใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: So the dying message is related to the birthstones? |
| So what month has Diamond as a birth stone then? |
| Yuichi: ๏ผๆใชใฎใงใ |
| Naomi: ไธญๆใใใฎ่ช็ๆฅใ๏ผๆใงใใใญใใงใใใใ็ฏไบบใฏไธญๆใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: So Ms. Nakamura is the culprit? |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใใใใใใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใฃใใ |
| Yuichi: ใจใใใงใไปๅใฎใฒในใใฎๆฑไบ้ใใใใในใใผใชใผใ่ชฌๆใใฆใใใพใใใใฉใใใใฏๆธใ่จ่ใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใ้็ฐใฏ3ๆ็ใพใใไธญๆใฏ4ๆ็ใพใใงใๆ่คใฏ12ๆ็ใพใใงใใใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใพใใใใใญใใใฎใใงใใใใชใใฆใๅฎๅ จใชๆธใ่จ่ใงใใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใฉใใใฆใๆธใ่จ่ใไฝฟใใใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ๆฑใใใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใฎใฏใๆจ็ๅฐ่ชฌใฎในใใผใชใผใงใใใญ๏ผใใใฏๆฌใชใฎใงใๆธใ่จ่ใฎๅ ๅฎนใ่ฉฑใใฆใใใใจใใใใจใซใชใใพใใฎใงใๆธใ่จ่ใซใชใฃใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Hmm, so the reason he spoke about the book using words bound in written language is that he was talking about the actual content of the mystery novel. |
| Yuichi: ไปใซใใใๅบไธปใฏใใคใขใขใณใใใฒใจใคๆกใฃใฆใใใใใๅบใฎๅฎ็ณใ็พ้ใฏไธใคใ็ใพใใฆใใชใใฃใใใใจใใๆใใใใพใใใใใใฎๆ็ซ ใใๆธใ่จ่ใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ็นใซใใๆกใฃใฆใใ ใใใใใใใงใใใญใ |
| Jessi: I see what you mean - when you use ใ together with informal speech, it sounds like written Japanese. If this were conversational Japanese, ใใฉ would normally be used, wouldn't it? |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใInformal ใซ่ฉฑใใฆใใใชใใใไธใคๆกใฃใฆใใใใฉใใซใชใใพใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Yuichi: ไผบใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: (humble) to ask, to visit |
| Yuichi: ไผบใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ไผบใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Naomi: ๆจใฟ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: hard feelings, resentment |
| Naomi: ๆจใฟ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆจใฟ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Naomi: ๆใใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: dreadful |
| Naomi: ๆใใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆใใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Yuichi: ๅฎ็ณๅบ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: jewelry store |
| Yuichi: ๅฎ็ณๅบ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ๅฎ็ณๅบ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The last word is |
| Yuichi: ๆกใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: grab, take hold |
| Yuichi: ๆกใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ๆกใ [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jessi: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Yuichi: ๆๅใฎๅ่ชใฏใไผบใ |
| Jessi: To ask, to hear, to visit |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใงใฏใ่ฉฑใใ่ใ(listen to a story)ใใจใใๆๅณใงไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใใญใใใ ใใไผบใใใฏใใใฒใจใคใฎๆๅณใใใใพใใใใใฏ่ชๅใใๅใไบบใฎๅฎถใใ่จชใใ(visit)ใใจใใๆๅณใงใใ |
| Naomi: ๅใไบบใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใในใจใๅ ็ใจใใญใ |
| Jessi: So this ไผบใ has 2 meanings. One is "to hear" the opinion of someone who is of higher social status. |
| The other is "to visit" someone who is of higher social status. |
| Naomi: ใไผบใใใฏใ่ฌ่ญฒ่ช humble language ใงใใฎใงใ่ชๅใฎๅไฝใซไฝฟใใพใใ |
| Jessi: Since this ไผบใ is a humble expression, it's used to describe your own actions. |
| Naomi: ไพใใฐใfor example, ใๆๆฅใๅ ็ใฎๅฎถใซ่กใใพใใ ใฏ |
| Jessi:I'll go to the teacher's house. |
| Naomi: ใงใใใใใฃใจใไธๅฏงใซ่จใใใใใฐใใ่กใใพใใใใไผบใใพใใใซใใฆใ |
| Yuichi: ๆๆฅใๅ ็ใฎใใกใซไผบใใพใใ |
| Naomi: How about this situation? ่ณชๅใใใใจใใซใใใใฟใพใใใใกใใฃใจ่ใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| Jessi: Excuse me, can I ask you something? |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใฃใจไธๅฏงใซ่จใใชใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใฟใพใใใใกใใฃใจไผบใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| Naomi: ใจใชใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ๆฌกใฎๅ่ชใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ๆจใฟ |
| Jessi: hard feelings, resentment, grudge |
| Yuichi: ใใใ---ใซๆจใฟใๆใคใใจใใๅฝขใงไฝฟใใใพใใๅใฏใใใใใซใๆจใฟใๆใฃใฆใใใ |
| Jessi: I have a grudge against Sayuri. |
| Naomi: ใๆจใฟใใฏๅ่ฉ noun ใงใใใๅ่ฉ verbใฏใๆจใใใงใใ |
| Yuichi: ๆจใ |
| Jessi: "to hold a grudge" โto resentโ |
| Yuichi: ใใใใๆจใใงใใใ |
| Jessi: I'm holding a grudge against Sayuri. |
| Naomi: ใจใใ้ขจใซไฝฟใใพใใๆใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: ๆใ is scary, right?ใThere's a similar word ๆใใใ, right?ใ |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใใใใงใใญใใๆใใใฏใๆใใใใใใใใใใไผ่ฉฑใงไฝฟใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: ใๆใใใใใฏใๆใใใใๅผทใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญ๏ฝใใๆใใใใใฃใฆ่จใใจใใใจใฃใฆใๆใใใฃใฆใใๆใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใชใใปใฉใ |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: The focus of this lesson is the difference between -te iru and -te aru. Both of them indicate a state resulting from an action. |
| Naomi: ใใฎใฌใในใณใฏใใฆใใใใจใใฆใใใใฎ้ใใๅพฉ็ฟใใพใใใใใพใใ๏ผใคใฎๆ็ซ ใ่ใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Yuichi: The first sentence is ็ชใ้ใใฆใใ/ใThe second sentence is ็ชใ้ใใฆใใ |
| Jessi: Do you know the difference between these two? If you answered "yes", Well...Congratulations. You probably don't need this lesson. If you answered "no", don't worry, you'll know the difference by the end of this lesson. |
| Naomi: ใพใใฏใใใฆใใใใๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Yuichi: ็ชใ้ใใฆใใ |
| Jessi: The window is open. Notice that ใใ is attached to the te-form of a verb. It can be any verb, and it describes the state in general. It's quite neutral. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใฆใใใใไฝฟใใจใใฉใใชใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ็ชใ้ใใฆใใ |
| Jessi: The window has been opened. |
| When you use te-aru, the verb should be transitive. Transitive verbs indicate that someone DID the action, so in this sentence, the nuance is that someone is responsible for the fact that the window is open. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใงใไปๅ่ฉ transitive ใจ่ชๅ่ฉ intransitive ใๅพฉ็ฟใใชใใใ-ใฆใใใใจใ-ใฆใใใใๅพฉ็ฟใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: Let's study more about "-te iru" and "-te aru" reviewing transitive and intransitive verb pairs. |
| Yuichi: ๆๅใฎใใขใฏใ่ฝใกใใ"to fall, which is intransitive"ใใ่ฝใจใใ"to drop, which is transitive"ใ |
| Naomi: ใ่ฝใกใใ+ใใฆใใใใฎไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใณใ่ฝใกใฆใใ |
| Jessi: The bread is on the ground. |
| In this case, who dropped it is not important - it's just describing the state of the bread being on the ground. |
| Naomi: ใใใใ่ฝใจใใ+ใใฆใใใใฎไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใณใ่ฝใจใใฆใใ |
| Jessi: This sentence implies that someone dropped it on the ground. |
| Yuichi: ใใฎใใณใใใ้ณฅใ้ฃในใใใใใใซใ่ชฐใใใใใใจ่ฝใจใใใฎใใใใใพใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใใใจใใจใใใฎใใกใใฃใจใใใคใณใใใใใใชใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: So in this example the nuance is that someone might drop the bread on purpose. |
| Naomi: ๆ่ฟใๆ ่กใซ่กใฃใใใงใใใฉใ้ป่ปใฎไธญใง็ฅใใชใไบบใซใใใใฃใใฏใ้ใใฆใพใใใใฃใฆๅฐใใๅฃฐใง่จใใใใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: So someone whispered to you "Your zipper is open" on the train? |
| Yuichi: ใใ๏ผใใใฏใใฎใใบใใณใฎใใฃใใฏใ้ใใฆใใใงใใ๏ผใใกใใใกใๆฅใใใใใใใชใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใฃใฆๆใใงใใใใงใใณใฃใใใใฆ่ฆใฆใฟใใใงใใใฉใ้ใใฆใใชใใใงใใใใใ๏ผใปใปใปใจๆใฃใใใใใฎไบบใใใไธๅบฆใใชใฅใใฏใฎใใฃใใฏใ้ใใฆใพใใใๅฑใชใใงใใใใฃใฆใ |
| Jessi: Ah..so it wasn't the zipper of your pants. The person was warning you that that the zipper on your backpack was open. ใบใใณใฎใใฃใใฏใใใชใใฆใใใฃใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ๆฌๅฝใซใใใฃใใงใใ |
| Jessi: Without the subject of the sentence, that can be confusing! |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใใใใใใฎใฌใในใณใฏใใใใพใงใใจใใใใจใงใ่ฉณใใ่ชฌๆใฏใฌใในใณใใผใใซใๆธใใฆใใใพใใใฎใงใใใฒใ่ชญใใงใใ ใใใ |
Outro |
| Yuichi: ใใใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: See you all next time. |
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