Learn about turning verbs into nouns
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuichi: ็ฅไธใงใใ |
| Naomi: ็ด็พใงใใ |
| Jessi: Jessi here. Pushing Yourself to Your Limit in Japan. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฏใ่ชฐใจ่ชฐใฎไผ่ฉฑใงใใใ |
| Yuichi: ใซใใใซใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: In this conversation, we have a young couple talking. |
| Yuichi: ไบไบบใฏใใใผใใงใใถใผใ็ๅฝใซ่กใใใจ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: They're discussing their date plans, and decide to go to a place called "Dessert Kingdom." The speakers are a couple, so they will be speaking informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: ไปๆฅใฎๆๆณใใคใณใใฏ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใใใจใใใจใใใฎใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you will learn how the words โkotoโ and โnoโ are used to turn a verb into a noun. As inโฆ |
| Yuichi: ้ฃในใใใจใๅฅฝใใงใใ |
| Jessi: I like eating. |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใฏใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| DIALOGUE |
| ๆฒ็น: ใญใใใฆใฆใญใใใฎๅใใฌใใงใใใถใผใ็ๅฝใใ็น้ใใฆใใใฎใ่ฆใใใ ใใฉใ่กใใชใ๏ผ |
| ๅๆฐ: ใใถใผใ็ๅฝ๏ผไฝใใ๏ผ |
| ๆฒ็น: ใใใผใใใผใใใผใฏใใฃใฆ่จใใฎใใชใ่ใใใใจใชใ๏ผ |
| : ๆฅๆฌๅๅฐใฎใใใใใใถใผใใใ้ฃในใใใจใใงใใใใ ใใ |
| ๅๆฐ: ใธใผใใใณใใซใๆฒ็นใฏ้ฃในใใฎใๅฅฝใใ ใใชใใพใใใใใ้ฑๆซใ่กใฃใฆใฟใใใใ |
| ๏ผ้ฑๆซ๏ผ |
| ๆฒ็น: ใใฃใจใใใฎใใฑใใใงใใใถใผใใ๏ผ๏ผ็จฎ้กใพใง้ฃในใใใจใใงใใใฎใญใ |
| ๅๆฐ: ไธไบบใง20็จฎ้กใ้ฃในใใฎใฏ็ก็ใใใชใ๏ผ |
| : ๏ผ๏ผ็จฎ้ก็จใฎใใฑใใใ่ฒทใฃใใปใใ่ฏใใชใ๏ผ |
| ๆฒ็น:ๅคงไธๅคซๅคงไธๅคซใ็งใฏ้ใฎ่่ขใฎๆใกไธปใ ใใใ |
| : ใใใใชใณใ ๏ผๅๆฐใ้ฃในใใ๏ผ |
| ๏ผ2ๆ้ๅพ๏ผ |
| ๆฒ็น:ใใผใใ้ฃในใใๆฅฝใใใฃใใญใผใ |
| : ใงใใ๏ผ๏ผๅใใใๅ จ็ถ่ถณใใชใใฃใใญใ |
| ๅๆฐ:๏ผใฆใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใใใใใ๏ผไฟบใ่ นใ๏ผใดใญใดใญใดใญ๏ผใปใปใปใใใฃใ |
| ๆฒ็น:ใญใๅๆฐใ้ง ๅใซใใใใใฏใฌใผใๅฑใใใใใใฎใใฏใฌใผใ้ฃใใฆๅธฐใใ๏ผ |
| ๅๆฐ:่ นใใฃใฑใใ ใใใใไปฅไธ้ฃในใใฎใฏ็ก็ใ๏ผใฆใใ๏ผ |
| ๆฒ็น:ใใถใผใใฏๅฅ่ น๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใๅ ฅใใพใใ |
| ๆฒ็น: ใญใใใฆใฆใญใใใฎๅใใฌใใงใใใถใผใ็ๅฝใใ็น้ใใฆใใใฎใ่ฆใใใ ใใฉใ่กใใชใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Hey, Yuki, I saw a special on "Dessert Kingdom" on TV the other day - want to go check it out? |
| ๅๆฐ: ใใถใผใ็ๅฝ๏ผไฝใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Dessert Kingdom? What's that? |
| ๆฒ็น: ใใใผใใใผใใใผใฏใใฃใฆ่จใใฎใใชใ่ใใใใจใชใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: I guess you could call it a food-based theme park. Haven't you heard of it? |
| : ๆฅๆฌๅๅฐใฎใใใใใใถใผใใใ้ฃในใใใจใใงใใใใ ใใ |
| Jessi: You can eat yummy desserts from all around Japan. |
| ๅๆฐ: ใธใผใใใณใใซใๆฒ็นใฏ้ฃในใใฎใๅฅฝใใ ใใชใใพใใใใใ้ฑๆซใ่กใฃใฆใฟใใใใ |
| Jessi: Wow. You really do love to eat, don't you! Well, that's fine. Let's go on the weekend. |
| ๏ผ้ฑๆซ๏ผ |
| (Weekend) |
| ๆฒ็น: ใใฃใจใใใฎใใฑใใใงใใใถใผใใ๏ผ๏ผ็จฎ้กใพใง้ฃในใใใจใใงใใใฎใญใ |
| Jessi: Soooโฆwith this ticket we can eat up to twenty kinds of desserts. |
| ๅๆฐ: ไธไบบใง20็จฎ้กใ้ฃในใใฎใฏ็ก็ใใใชใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Isn't it impossible for one person to eat twenty kinds of desserts? |
| : ๏ผ๏ผ็จฎ้ก็จใฎใใฑใใใ่ฒทใฃใใปใใ่ฏใใชใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Wouldn't it be better to buy the ticket for ten types of desserts? |
| ๆฒ็น:ๅคงไธๅคซๅคงไธๅคซใ็งใฏ้ใฎ่่ขใฎๆใกไธปใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: It'll be fine! I've got a stomach made of steel. |
| : ใใใใชใณใ ๏ผๅๆฐใ้ฃในใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Oh hey, they have pudding! Yuki, let's eat! |
| ๏ผ2ๆ้ๅพ๏ผ |
| (Two hours later) |
| ๆฒ็น:ใใผใใ้ฃในใใๆฅฝใใใฃใใญใผใ |
| Jessi: Ahh, I ate a LOT! That was fun, huh? |
| : ใงใใ๏ผ๏ผๅใใใๅ จ็ถ่ถณใใชใใฃใใญใ |
| Jessi: But you know, twenty kinds just wasn't nearly enough. |
| ๅๆฐ:๏ผใฆใใ๏ผใ๏ผใใใใใใ๏ผไฟบใ่ นใ๏ผใดใญใดใญใดใญ๏ผใปใปใปใใใฃใ |
| Jessi: (burp) Huh? Ah...you think so? My stomach...ugh... |
| ๆฒ็น:ใญใๅๆฐใ้ง ๅใซใใใใใฏใฌใผใๅฑใใใใใใฎใใฏใฌใผใ้ฃใใฆๅธฐใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: Hey, Yuki. There's a really good crepe place in front of the station. Let's get some and go home! |
| ๅๆฐ:่ นใใฃใฑใใ ใใใใไปฅไธ้ฃในใใฎใฏ็ก็ใ๏ผใฆใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: I'm full! There's no way I can eat any more. (burp) |
| ๆฒ็น:ใใถใผใใฏๅฅ่ น๏ผ |
| Jessi: But there's always room for dessert! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใผใฐใซๅบใฆใใใใใใถใผใ็ๅฝใใฏใใใผใใใผใใใผใฏใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Jessi: This place, Dessert Kingdom is a type of place that's called a food theme park. This is what they call it in Japanese? What exactly is it? ใใผใใใผใใใผใฏใฃใฆไฝใงใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใใใผใใใผใใใผใฏใใฏใไธใคใฎๆ็ใ้ฃใน็ฉใซใใฉใผใซในใใใฆใใใฎๅฐ้ๅบใ้ใใๆฝ่จญใฎใใจใงใใ |
| ไปๅใงใใจใใใถใผใใฎใๅบใใใใใ้ใใๆฝ่จญใใใใถใผใ็ๅฝใใจ่จใๅๅใ ใฃใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฏใใถใผใใฎใใผใใใผใฏใฟใใใงใใใใไปใซใ็ตๆงใใใพใใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใใญใไพใใฐใๆฐๆจชๆตใซใใใใฉใผใกใณๅ็ฉ้คจ (Ramen museum)ใๆฑ ่ขใซใฏใ้คๅญในใฟใธใขใ (Chinese-dumpling stadium )ใจใใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: ใใใใชใใปใฉใผใ ็ง่กใฃใใใจใใใพใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใธใๆฌๅฝ๏ผใฉใฃใก๏ผ |
| Jessi: ใใใจใใใฎ้คๅญในใฟใธใขใ ใซ่กใใพใใใ |
| Yuichi: ๅฎใฏๅใ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใธใใ่ฏใใฃใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ็พๅณใใใฆใใจใฆใ่ฏใใฃใใงใใ |
| Jessi: So I've been to one, actually. I just didn't know it was called a food theme park. Itโs kind of a funny name. So, a food theme park is a venue where there are a lot of different restaurants selling one type of dish, like ramen, dessert like ice cream, etc. It's neat because you get to eat a lot of different varieties of the same dish. |
| Naomi: ็งใใญใๆฐๆจชๆตใฎใฉใผใกใณๅ็ฉ้คจใซ่กใฃใใใจใฏใใใใงใใใใกใใฃใจๅพฎๅฆใชๆใใ ใใจใ |
| Jessi: Really? |
| Yuichi: ใใใฏใฉใใใฆใงใใใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใใใกใใฃใจ้ซใใใชใ |
| Yuichi: ใใ |
| Naomi: ๅ ฅๅ ดๆใๆใใชใใใใชใใงใใใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใใญใๆฎ้ใฎใฉใผใกใณๅฑใใใใใใ้ซใใใใใใพใใใญใ |
| ใพใใ้ฐๅฒๆฐใฏใใใงใใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใงใใใฎใใคใขใญใผใฐใฎๅฝผๅฅณใฏๆฌๅฝใซใใถใผใใๅคงๅฅฝใใ ใฃใใฟใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใญใ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ไฝๅ้ฃในใใฃใฆใใ ใฃใใ |
| Yuichi: ๏ผ๏ผ็จฎ้ก๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใ๏ผใฑใผใญใผไบๅๅใฃใฆใใใใจใงใใใใญใใ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใ |
| Jessi: As I've said many times, I love sweets, but even that is too much for me... |
| Yuichi: ใชในใใผใฎใฟใชใใใใฟใชใใใฎๅฝใซใฏ้ข็ฝใใใผใใใผใฏใฏใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใใฃใใใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Yuichi: ็น้ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to feature |
| Yuichi: ็น้ใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ็น้ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Naomi: ้ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: iron |
| Naomi: ้ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ้ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Yuichi: ่่ข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: stomach (the organ) |
| Yuichi: ่่ข [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ่่ข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌๅๅฐ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: all over Japan, across Japan |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌๅๅฐ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌๅๅฐ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The last word is |
| Yuichi: ่ถณใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: enough, sufficient |
| Yuichi: ่ถณใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ่ถณใใ [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jessi: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Yuichi: ๆๅใฎๅ่ชใฏใๆฅๆฌๅๅฐ |
| Jessi: "all over Japan" "across Japan" |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌไธญใฎใใใใใชๅ ดๆใจใใๆๅณใงใใ |
| Yuichi: ไบใคใฎๅ่ชใๅ ฅใฃใฆใใพใใญใใใฌใคใฏใใฆใณใใพใใใใ |
| Naomi: ๆฅๆฌ |
| Jessi: "Japan" |
| Naomi: ๅๅฐ |
| Jessi: "various places""every place." |
| Naomi: ๅๅฐใไธ็(world)ใซใคใใใฐใ |
| Yuichi: ไธ็ๅๅฐ |
| Jessi: "all over the world" "around the world." |
| Naomi: ไธ็ไธญใฎใใใใใชๅ ดๆใจใใๆๅณใงใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ๆฌกใฏ้ข็ฝใ่กจ็พใ็ดนไปใใพใใใใใฏใ[ๅฅ่ น]ใจใใ่กจ็พใงใใ |
| Jessi: "Betsubara" means "having room for dessert" |
| Yuichi: ใใใถใผใใฏๅฅ่ นใใจใใใใฌใผใบใง่จใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใปใผใใใ ใใใใไฝฟใใใพใใใญใ |
| Jessi: ๅฅใฏ"another"ใจใ"different"ใงใใใญ ใใฏใใใจใใใฐใใใฏ"Stomach"ใ ใใใ |
| ใใใใฉใใฏใ"seperate stomach" or "another stomach"??? |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใใญใไพใใฐใปใปใปใใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใฆใ่ นใใใฃใฑใใงใใใ่ นใใใฃใฑใใชใฎใซใใใถใผใใ ใใฏ้ฃในใใใใใจใใๆใซไฝฟใใพใใใ่ นใฏใใฃใฑใใ ใใฉใใใถใผใใฏใ้ฃในใใใใๅฅใฎใใชใใปใปใปๅฅใฎใฏใใใ็ญใใใฆใใๅฅ่ นใ |
| Jessi: ใใใถใผใใฏๅฅ่ นใis a slangy expression. It literally means "Dessert goes into another stomach," meaning that you can still eat dessert even if you are full after eating a meal. I really believe that this is true though (็ฌ). |
| Yuichi: ๅฅ่ นใฎใ่ นใใฏใใใ่ นใใจใใๆๅณใงใใญใใ่ นใจไผผใๆๅณใฎๅ่ชใใใฌใในใณใซใใใพใใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใ่่ขใ |
| Jessi: stomach |
| Naomi: ่ใใจใ่จใใพใ |
| Jessi: ่่ขใจใ่ นใฏไฝใ้ใใพใใใ |
| Yuichi: ่ใจใ่่ขใฏใไฝใฎไธญใฎๅจๅฎ(organ)ใงใใ |
| Jessi: So, ่่ข refers to the internal organ. |
| Naomi: ่่ขใจใใใจใใกใใฃใจ roughใชๆใใฏใใพใใๆฎ้ใฏใ่ใใงใใญใ |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn the difference between two words known as nominalizers, ใใจ and ใฎ. |
| Naomi: ใใใจใใจใใฎใใฎ้ใใๅๅผทใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: They can be used interchangeably right? |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใไพใใฐใใใฟใใณใๅธใใใจใ็ฆๆญขใงใใใ |
| Jessi: Smoking is prohibited. |
| Naomi: ใใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใใฟใใณใๅธใใฎใฏ็ฆๆญขใงใใใ |
| Naomi: ใจ่จใฃใฆใใๆๅณใฏๅ จใไธ็ทใงใใใงใใใใคใ ๅ ฅใๆฟใใใงใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: So โkotoโ and โnoโ are sometimes used interchangeably, but this is not always the case. So we're going to look at some cases where we can use one but not the other. |
| Naomi: ใพใใใใใจใใใไฝฟใใชใใจใใใ่กใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: First, letโs look at situations where you can only use โkotoโ. |
| Yuichi: ใใงใใใใฎๅใฎใใใจใใฏใใฎใใซไปฃใใใใจใฏใงใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: When โkotoโ is followed by the copulary such as ใงใ or ใ , it cannot be replaced by โnoโ. |
| Naomi: ใใใไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใ่ถฃๅณใฏใใขใใกใ่ฆใใใจใงใใใ |
| Jessi: My hobby is watching anime. |
| Yuichi: ใใใใใ่ถฃๅณใฏใขใใกใ่ฆใใฎใงใใใจใใใใจใฏใงใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: Right, so itโs ่ฆใใใจใงใ, and not ่ฆใใฎใงใ. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใไธใคใไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใๅซใใชใใจใฏใๅพ ใคใใจใงใใใ |
| Jessi: โThe thing I hate is waiting.โ |
| Naomi: ใใฎใๅพ ใคใใจใงใใใใๅพ ใคใฎใงใใใซใใไบใฏใงใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: So you should say ๅพ ใคใใจใงใ, as we mentioned before, this ใใจ canโt be replaced with ใฎ, since itโs followed by the copular ใงใ. |
| Naomi: ๆฌกใซใใฎใไฝฟใใชใใจใใ่ฆใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: Next, let's look at situations where you can only use โnoโ and not โkotoโ. |
| Naomi: ่ฆใใใ่ใใใใใใใใฎใฎใๅใซใฏใใฎใใใไฝฟใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: Only โnoโ is used when talking about something someone sees or hears. |
| Naomi: ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใๅใฏ/ๅญใฉใใ้ใใงใใใฎ/ใ/่ฆใใใ |
| Jessi: โI saw a child playing.โ |
| Naomi: ๅญใฉใใ้ใใงใใใฎใใใ่ฆใใปใปใปใใงใใใญใใใใ |
| Yuichi: ๅญใฉใใ้ใใงใใใใจใใใ่ฆใใ |
| Naomi: ใจใฏ่จใใใจใใงใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: So you should say ้ใใงใใใฎใ่ฆใ, and not ้ใใงใใใใจใ่ฆใ. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏใใใไธใคไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใใฎใ่ใใใใใ |
| Jessi: โI can hear the rain falling.โ |
| Yuichi: ใงใใใใตใฃใฆใใใใจใ่ใใใใใฏใใกใงใใ |
| Jessi: So, ใตใฃใฆใใใใจใ่ใใใ is not a correct sentence. |
| Naomi: ใใใๅพฉ็ฟใใพใใใใ |
| Jessi: Alright. Let's review this lesson. |
| Yuichi: ใธใงใทใผใใใ่ฑ่ชใ่จใใพใใ็ใใใฏๆฅๆฌ่ชใซใชใใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: I'm going to say a sentence in English. Please translate it into Japanese. |
| Are you ready? Here's the sentence. "I saw my friend go into a restaurant.โ |
| Yuichi: ๅ้ใใฌในใใฉใณใซๅ ฅใใฎใ่ฆใใ |
| Jessi: "I saw my friend go into a restaurant." It should be ใฌในใใฉใณใซๅ ฅใใฎใ่ฆใ, NOT ๅ ฅใใใจใใฟใใ |
| Naomi: ้ใใพใใญใ. |
| Jessi: Here's another sentence. โMy hobby is seeing movies.โ |
| Yuichi: ่ถฃๅณใฏๆ ็ปใ่ฆใใใจใงใใ |
| Jessi: "My hobby is seeing movies." This should be ่ฆใใใจใงใ, not ่ฆใใฎใงใ. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใThat's right. |
Outro |
| Jessi: Okay, Well, thatโs all for this lesson. |
| Yuichi: ใงใฏใใใใใชใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใพใใ |
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