Learn how to make and use the past tense of i and na adjectives
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| Welcome to learn Japanese grammar absolute beginner. In this video series, you learn basic Japanese grammar patterns and phrases through easy to follow audio and visual cues. Here is what we will cover in this lesson. |
| Ready? |
| Letβs get started. |
| Naomi: γγγ£γγ§γγ (Yokatta desu.) |
| Peter: In this lesson, you learn how to create the past tense of adjectives, It was. There are two different types of adjectives, they are |
| Naomi: I-adjectives and na-adjectives. |
| Peter: How we conjugate these adjectives depends on the type. Letβs illustrate with an example. Can we have an i-adjective? |
| Naomi: ζ₯½γγ (tanoshii) |
| Peter: Fun. |
| Now we are going to conjugate it. First, drop the final "i". |
| Naomi: ζ₯½γ (tanoshi) |
| Peter: Now add γγ£γ (katta) to it and we get |
| Naomi: ζ₯½γγγ£γ (tanoshi katta) |
| Peter: And this means, it was fun. Letβs try another example. Remember, itβs super easy. To form the past tense of an adjective, we take the final syllable, drop it and add γγ£γ (katta). Naomi-sensei, whatβs the word for delicious? |
| Naomi: γγγγ (oishii) |
| Peter: Drop the final "i" |
| Naomi: γγγ (oishi) |
| Peter: Now add γγ£γ (katta) |
| Naomi: γγγγγ£γ (oishikatta) |
| Peter: It was delicious. But if you are out with your boss or teacher, how do we say it was fun politely? |
| Naomi: γγγγγ£γγ§γγ (Oishikatta desu.) |
| Peter: It was delicious politely. |
| Naomi: γγγγγ£γγ§γ (Oishikatta desu.) You need to add γ§γ (desu) to the end. |
| Peter: There is one i-adjective we should point out here, and that adjective is |
| Naomi: γγ (Ii) |
| Peter: Long "i" which means good or well. The past form of this is not |
| Naomi: γγγ£γ (ikatta) |
| Peter: But rather |
| Naomi: γγγ£γ (yokatta) θ―γ (ii) becomes θ―γγ£γ (yokatta) for informal past. The formal past will be θ―γγ£γγ§γ (yokatta desu) |
| Peter: Please remember that γ§γ (desu) only serves to make the phrase polite and it is not needed when speaking Japanese informally. |
| Naomi: γγγ£γγ§γγ (Yokatta desu.) |
| Naomi: γγγγ§γγγ (Kirei deshita.) |
| Peter: Onto na-adjectives, the conjugation is quite simple. For informal speech, just add |
| Naomi: γ γ£γ (datta) |
| Peter: To the dictionary form of a verb to get the informal past. For formal speech, add |
| Naomi: γ§γγ (deshita) |
| Peter: To get the polite past. I think we can illustrate this best with an example. Naomi-sensei, can we have a na-adjective? |
| Naomi: γ²γΎ (hima) |
| Peter: Free as in free time. Now if you want to say, I was free in informal speech, just add γ γ£γ (datta) to the word. γ²γΎ (hima) becomes |
| Naomi: γ²γΎγ γ£γ (hima datta) |
| Peter: How about I was free using formal speech. |
| Naomi: γ²γΎγ§γγ (hima deshita) |
| Peter: I was free. Here we just add γ§γγ (deshita) to the word. Can we have another example of a na-adjective? |
| Naomi: γγγ (kirei) |
| Peter: Beautiful. |
| Now this adjective ends in "i" but itβs actually a na-adjective. Itβs an exception to the rule you are just going to have to remember. So it was beautiful using informal speech, |
| Naomi: γγγγ γ£γ (kirei datta) |
| Peter: It was beautiful, or he or she was beautiful. |
| Using formal speech, |
| Naomi: γγγγ§γγ (kirei deshita) |
| Peter: It was beautiful, he or she was beautiful. |
| Naomi: γγγγ§γγγ (Kirei deshita.) |
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