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| Jessi: Hi everyone, welcome to the New JLPT N3 Prep Course Lesson 7. I'm Jessi and joining me in the studio is Naomi-sensei! |
| Naomi:ใใใซใกใฏใใฟใชใใใ็ด็พใงใใHi everyone, Naomi here.ๅๅใฏ ๆๆณใจ่ชญ่งฃใฎใใใ ใ๏ผใๅๅผทใใพใใใญใ |
| Jessi: Right. In the last lesson, we covered ใใใ ใ 3 of the grammar and reading comprehension section. |
| Naomi:ใใฎใฌใในใณใงใฏใๅ้ก๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใ็ดนไปใใพใใ |
| Jessi: And in this Lesson, we'll cover Questions 4, 5, and 6 of the grammar and reading comprehension section . |
| Naomi:ใใใ ใ๏ผใ๏ผใ๏ผ๏ผใฏใ้ทใๆ็ซ ใ่ชญใใงใ่ณชๅใซ็ญใใพใใ |
| Jessi: In Questions 4, 5 and 6, you read a passage of text and answer questions about the content. So in this section, you are tested on how well you can comprehend what you read in Japanese. |
| Naomi:ๅ้ก๏ผใจ๏ผใจ๏ผใฎๅฝขใฏใปใจใใฉๅใใงใใใๅ้ก๏ผใจ๏ผใฎๆนใๅฐใ้ทใใงใใ |
| Jessi:Questions 4, 5 and 6 all have the same format, but the text passage gets longer with each question. In Question 4, the passage has around 200 characters, in Question 5, around 350characters, and in Question 6, around 550characters. Now, it's a bit of a challenge to review for reading questions through an audio lesson, so what we're going to do is review some really important constructions that you'll see in this section. |
| Naomi: Sounds like a good idea. |
| Jessi: In this section, you'll come across many different styles of reading passages. The most common styles are essays, letters, passages explaining something, and passages containing data. |
| Naomi: Right, so it helps to practice reading all kinds of passages if you can. |
| **Instructions** |
| Jessi: First of all, Naomi-sensei, can you please read the instructions? |
| Naomi: ใฏใ๏ผ ใคใใฎใถใใใใใใใใใงใใใคใใใซใใใใใฆใใ ใใใใใใใใฏ 1ใป๏ผใป๏ผใป4ใใใใใกใฐใใใใใใใฎใใไธใคใใใใใงใใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: Read the following text and answer the questions. Choose the best answer from 1 through 4. Okay, now one of the keys to correctly understanding a Japanese passage is conjunctions. |
| Naomi:ใใใงใ๏ผใๆฅ็ถ่ฉใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: Conjunctions are expressions that connect nouns, sentences, phrases, and so on. We've grouped them by usage in the PDF, so let's take some of the more advanced ones that may be new to you from each set and go over them. |
| Naomi: All right, sounds good! |
| Jessi: First are conjunctions that indicate a reason. The first one we'll look at is... |
| Naomi: ใใใใฃใฆ |
| Jessi: ใใใใฃใฆ means "consequently", or "therefore". To compare it to another word, it basically has the same meaning as ใ ใใ. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใ๏ผใใใใฃใฆ, however, sounds much more formal. |
| Jessi: Yes, you won't hear this in spoken Japanese often. ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ๆใฏ่ปใๅฐใชใใฃใใใใใใฃใฆใไบค้ไบๆ ใๅฐใชใใฃใใฎใ ใ |
| Jessi: "There weren't many cars in the olden days. Consequently, there were also few car accidents." If you think of it as being equal to "consequently", I think you can get a good feel for this word. And like the word "consequently" in English, ใใใใฃใฆ is used primarily in writing. |
| Naomi: Right. The next one is ใชใใชใ. |
| Jessi: ใชใใชใ means "because", and it is used to begin a sentence. A good translation would be "The reason is that...". ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ็งใใกใฏ็ตๅฉๅผใใใชใใฃใใใชใใชใใใ้ใใชใใฃใใใใ ใ |
| Jessi: "We didn't hold a wedding ceremony. The reason is that we didn't have any money." |
| Naomi: Let's look at the next set of words. |
| Jessi: The next set of conjunctions are used to indicate additional information. The first one is...? |
| Naomi: ใใใณ |
| Jessi: This means "and", or "as well". ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใใฎ้ง่ปๅ ดใฏๅๆฅใใใณ็ฅๆฅใฏใๅฉ็จใงใใพใใใ[โ add object?] |
| Jessi:ใYou cannot use it on weekends and holidays. ๅๆฅ, weekends, ใใใณ, and, ็ฅๆฅ holidays, so weekends AND holidays. |
| Naomi: This has a very formal feel to it.ใBasically it means ใจ. or ใใใฆ. |
| Jessi: Mm, I agree. It looks like something you would see written on a sign. There's another conjunction that is similar in meaning on the list, and that is...? |
| Naomi:ใพใใฏ |
| Jessi: And this means "or". ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: Eใกใผใซใพใใฏใใกใใฏในใง้ใฃใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: Please send it by e-mail or fax. Eใกใผใซใพใใฏใใกใใฏใน E-mail OR Fax. So, while ใใใณ encompasses both, A AND B, ใพใใฏ means one or the other - A OR B. (ๅใฃใฆใใพใใ๏ผ) |
| Naomi: Right. It's like ใ.ใSo you can rephrase e-mail ใพใใฏใใกใใฏในใas |
| Jessi:Eใกใผใซใใใกใใฏใน |
| Naomi:ใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: The next conjunction is... |
| Naomi: ใใฎใใ |
| Jessi: "in addition", "furthermore". ไพๆใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใใชใใจ้ ญใ็ใใใใฎไธใๆญฏใพใงใใใใชใฃใฆใใใ |
| Jessi: My stomach and head hurt. On top of that, my teeth have also started to hurt. If you think of the literal meaning, it makes a lot of sense. ใใฎไธ - almost literally, "on top of that". |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญ๏ฝใIf you want to say easily that would be...ใใใฆใใใใใใใใใซๅ ใใฆ orใใใซใใฉในใใฆใ |
| Jessi: Okay, and lastly, a couple conjunctions that are used to rephrase something. The first is...? |
| Naomi: ใคใพใ |
| Jessi: "I mean", "in other words". You use ใคใพใ right before you are about to rephrase something you said. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ ใใจใใฐใใใใฏใใณใขใซใณใผใซใใผใซใใคใพใใใ้ ใใฏใใฃใฆใใชใใใผใซใ ใ |
| Jessi: "That's non-alcoholic beer - in other words, it's beer with no alcohol in it." You're basically just clarifying something by putting it in a different way. And the second one...? |
| Naomi: ใใใใ |
| Jessi: "so-called", "quote-unquote". Example please! |
| Naomi: ๅฝผใฏใใใใๅคฉๆใ ใฃใใใๆๅใงใใชใใฃใใ |
| Jessi: "He was a quote-unquote genius, but he wasn't able to succeed." In this sentence, the implication is that while he may have been called a genius, there is some doubt as to whether he really was one. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใBut ใใใใ doesn't always imply doubt. |
| Jessi: That's true. Sometimes it's just used in the sense of "what is known as [blank]" (example?). Okay, so what we've just gone over are the more advanced conjunctions. Aren't you glad we got some of those out of the way? |
| Naomi: Definitely! But don't forget to check the PDF for the rest. |
| Jessi: You may know some of them already, but it doesn't hurt to review! |
| Naomi: Well, that's all the time we have for this lesson. |
| Jessi: Make sure to let us know if you have any questions, and see you next time! |
| Naomi:ใใใใพใ๏ผ |
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