Learn how to use two Japanese words that mean "only" - dake and shika
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです！ |
| Peter: Peter here! Taking Baby Steps in a Japanese Kitchen. In this lesson, you will learn how to say "only" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. Such as だけ and しか |
| Peter: What's the setting of this conversation? |
| Naomi: テレビの料理番組です。 |
| Peter: It's a cooking show on T.V. |
| Naomi: 近森渉さんが、豆腐のレシピを紹介しています。 |
| Peter: The show host Wataru Chikamori is explaining how to make a tofu dish. He is talking to the TV audience, so he uses |
| Naomi: 丁寧な日本語 |
| Peter: Formal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞きましょう。 |
| Peter: Let's listen to the conversation! |
| DIALOGUE |
| (Cooking show) |
| 近森 渡:皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。 |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。一分以内で作れますよ。 |
| : 材料は三つだけ。豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。 |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。 |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。 |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。 |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。 |
| : これだけです。材料費は百円以内。 |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。 |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。 |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくり、お願いします。 |
| 近森 渡:皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。 |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。一分以内で作れますよ。 |
| : 材料は三つだけ。豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。 |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。 |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。 |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。 |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。 |
| : これだけです。材料費は百円以内。 |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。 |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。 |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。 |
| 近森 渡:皆さん、ワタルのワクワククッキングの時間です。 |
| Lady: Everyone! It's time for Wataru's Fun Exciting Cooking Show! |
| : 今日は、豆腐料理を紹介します。 |
| Lady: Today, I'm going to present a tofu dish. |
| : 一分以内で作れますよ。 |
| Lady: You can make it in under a minute! |
| : 材料は三つだけ。 |
| Lady: There are only three ingredients. |
| : 豆腐、塩、オリーブオイルしか使いません。 |
| Lady: We're only going to use tofu, salt, and olive oil. |
| : 作り方はとても簡単です。 |
| Lady: It's very easy to make. |
| : まず、豆腐をパックから出します。 |
| Lady: First, take the tofu out of the package. |
| : 次に、塩をかけます。 |
| Lady: Next, sprinkle some salt on it. |
| : 最後に、オリーブオイルをかけます。 |
| Lady: And lastly, pour some olive oil on it. |
| : これだけです。 |
| Lady: That's it! |
| : 材料費は百円以内。 |
| Lady: The cost of the ingredients is one hundred yen or less! |
| : あ、わさびを豆腐の上にのせてもいいですよ。 |
| Lady: You can also add some wasabi on the top. |
| : 今夜、是非作ってください。 |
| Lady: Please try making it tonight! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Wow, Naomi-sensei. Sounds like one of your dishes! |
| Naomi: (笑) 有名なレシピですよ、でも。It's a very famous recipe.あの、おいしいです。このレシピ。 |
| Peter: So this dish is good? |
| Naomi: うん、そう。You’re right. よく作ります。 |
| Peter: So you make it often. |
| Naomi: はい。 I wouldn't really call it 料理 |
| Peter: わたしも。I really wouldn’t call 料理 either, but... |
| Naomi: But it's easy, healthy and tasty. 簡単で健康的でおいしいです。 And most important thing is, "Quick" 早いです。でも、ポイントはいい豆腐といいオリーブオイルといいお塩を使わなくてはいけない。 |
| Peter: So you are saying that the quality of Tofu, olive oil and salt has to be good. |
| Naomi: そうです。（笑）だって、そのまま食べるから。 |
| Peter: So you’re just gathering things. |
| Naomi: Right. みなさんも、是非作ってください。 |
| Peter: 是非、集めてください。（笑）So, definitely gather those things. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: OK. Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Naomi: 料理 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: cooking, cuisine, dish, food |
| Naomi: 料理 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 料理 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 以内 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: within, less than |
| Naomi: 以内 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 以内 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: かける [natural native speed] |
| Peter: to pour, to sprinkle, to dust |
| Naomi: かける [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: かける [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: のせる [natural native speed] |
| Peter: to place on |
| Naomi: のせる [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: のせる [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 是非 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: certainly, by all means, please |
| Naomi: 是非 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 是非 [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei. What do we have first? |
| Naomi: わくわく |
| Peter: "exciting" |
| Naomi: 擬態語ですね～。 |
| Peter: Right. Wakuwaku is gitaigo, or onomatopoeia. When do you use it? |
| Naomi: いいことが起きる・・と思っているときですね。 |
| Peter: When you are expecting something good to happen. |
| Naomi: Right. ワクワクします。 |
| Peter: "It's exciting" or "I'm excited". |
| For more information about onomatopoeia, check out our onomatopoeia series! |
| Naomi: はい、お願いします。 |
| Peter: What's next? |
| Naomi: 是非 |
| Peter: "by all means". Zehi expresses the speaker's strong desire, so it's often used when making an invitation or request. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 Here's a sample sentence. 是非 家に来てください。 |
| Peter: By all means, please visit our place. |
| Naomi: Of course 家に来てください is a perfect sentence, but if you add 是非 in front, it sounds like you're really welcoming the listener. |
| Peter: Or you really mean it. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。 |
| Peter: OK. Finally, let's look at some useful expressions for explaining the steps or procedure of doing something. |
| Naomi: Peter. |
| Peter: Yes. |
| Naomi: You've just used the word "Finally" right? "Finally" or "Lastly" in Japanese is .. 最後に |
| Peter: Saigo ni? Ah, 最後 means last, right. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。Right. When you add に to it, it becomes the phrase "lastly" or "Finally". 最後に。 |
| Peter: How do you say "First of all" or "First" then? |
| Naomi: まず or 最初に |
| Peter: OK. Can we hear them one more time? |
| "First, First of all"? |
| Naomi: まず or 最初に |
| Peter: Lastly? |
| Naomi: 最後に |
| Peter: OK. On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: The focus of this lesson is how to say "only" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: There are two ways to say "Only" in Japanese, which are だけ and しか. |
| Peter: However, we'll just focus on the usage of しか meaning "only" or "nothing but" in this audio portion. |
| Naomi: Remember, しか is always followed by a negative. しかsuch and such ない means "only" |
| Peter: So Shika and Nai are a set and mean "only". |
| Naomi: そうです。 |
| Peter: 最初に、first of all, let's do some examples. How do you say "I eat vegetables." |
| Naomi: 野菜を食べる |
| Peter: To say "I only eat vegetables" or "I eat nothing but vegetables", attach しか to the object. |
| Naomi: 野菜しか |
| Peter: Notice that the particle を is replaced by しか. やさいしか Then change the verb 食べる into the negative. |
| Naomi: 食べない。 So...野菜しか食べない |
| Peter: "I only eat vegetables" "I eat nothing but vegetables" |
| Let's do one more example. "How do you say I can read Hiragana" |
| Naomi: To be able to read, or Can read is よめる. So...ひらがなが読める |
| Peter: Let's say "I can only read Hiragana" or "I can read nothing but Hiragana" |
| Naomi: Replace が with しか So...ひらがなしか |
| Peter: Then change the verb 読める to the negative |
| Naomi: 読めない So...ひらがなしか読めない |
| Peter: "I can read nothing but hiragana" "I can only read hiragana" OK. Listen and repeat |
| Naomi: ひらがなしか読めない |
| Peter: [pause] Say "I can only read hiragana" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: [pause] ひらがなしか読めない |
| Peter: Let's review this grammar with a quiz. |
| Naomi: いいですね。 Good idea. |
| Peter: How do you say "I understand English" |
| Naomi: 英語がわかる。 |
| Peter: Say ."I only understand English"? [pause] Here's a hint. The negative form of wakaru is wakaranai. [pause] OK. Naomi-sensei, how do you say "I only understand English"or "I understand nothing but English" |
| Naomi: 英語しかわからない。 |
| Peter: Ah, Naomi-sensei? Can I ask you a question? |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: Why would someone say “I understand only English” in Japanese? |
| Naomi: Haha. |
| Peter: And if you’re thinking out there, well.. they can use this phrase when they cannot speak Japanese. This is very complicated phrase, and there is a way to say “I don’t speak Japanese.” Anyways, let’s change to “I only speak Japanese.” |
| [Pause] |
| Naomi: 日本語しかわからない。 |
| Peter: I understand, nothing but Japanese. |
| Naomi: So how did you do? 最後にお願いがあります。Lastly, we have a favor to ask. |
| Peter: There's a write up about the usage of だけ meaning "only". So please make sure to read the lesson notes. |
| Naomi: お願いします。 |
| Peter: That’s going to do it. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。 |
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