Learn how to talk about the acts of giving and receiving in Japanese using the verbs ageru, kureru, and morau
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Is Giving Gifts Better than Receiving Them in Japan? In this lesson, you will learn how to say "to give" and "to receive" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. The verbs あげる (ageru) and もらう (morau). |
| Peter: This conversation takes place at? |
| Naomi: 歩さんの働いている会社 (Ayumu-san no hataraite iru kaisha) |
| Peter: The office Ayumu works at. Who is the conversation between? |
| Naomi: 歩さんと渡さん (Ayumu-san to Wataru-san) |
| Peter: Since they're friends, they're using informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞いてください。(Dewa, kiite kudasai.) |
| Peter: Please listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 歩、そのかばん、新しい？(Ayumu, sono kaban, atarashii?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : これ？うん。去年の クリスマスに 彼に もらった。(Kore? Un. Kyonen no kurisumasu ni kare ni moratta.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。彼氏に もらったんだー。趣味が 良いねー。(Hē. Kareshi ni moratta n dā. Shumi ga ii nē.) |
| : で、歩は、彼氏に 何あげたの？(De, Ayumu wa, kareshi ni nani ageta no?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : な・い・しょ。(Na i sho.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : いいじゃん。教えてよ。(Ii jan. Oshiete yo.) |
| : あ・・・ところで、彼氏と 会って 話した？(A... tokorode, kareshi to atte hanashita?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。実は、誤解だったの。(Un. Jitsu wa, gokai datta no.) |
| : 私たちが 見た人 は 新じゃなかった のよ。(Watashi-tachi ga mita hito wa Shin ja nakatta no yo.) |
| : ま、長い話なんだけど。(Ma, nagai hanashi nan da kedo.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : そう。よかったねー。(Sō. Yokatta nē.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。来週、彼の 誕生日なの。(Un. Raishū, kare no tanjōbi na no.) |
| : 何を あげよう…。(Nani o ageyō…) |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 歩、そのかばん、新しい？(Ayumu, sono kaban, atarashii?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : これ？うん。去年の クリスマスに 彼に もらった。(Kore? Un. Kyonen no kurisumasu ni kare ni moratta.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。彼氏に もらったんだー。趣味が 良いねー。(Hē. Kareshi ni moratta n dā. Shumi ga ii nē.) |
| : で、歩は、彼氏に 何あげたの？(De, Ayumu wa, kareshi ni nani ageta no?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : な・い・しょ。(Na i sho.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : いいじゃん。教えてよ。(Ii jan. Oshiete yo.) |
| : あ・・・ところで、彼氏と 会って 話した？(A... tokorode, kareshi to atte hanashita?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。実は、誤解だったの。(Un. Jitsu wa, gokai datta no.) |
| : 私たちが 見た人 は 新じゃなかった のよ。(Watashi-tachi ga mita hito wa Shin ja nakatta no yo.) |
| : ま、長い話なんだけど。(Ma, nagai hanashi nan da kedo.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : そう。よかったねー。(Sō. Yokatta nē.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。来週、彼の 誕生日なの。(Un. Raishū, kare no tanjōbi na no.) |
| : 何を あげよう…。(Nani o ageyō…) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : 歩、そのかばん、新しい？(Ayumu, sono kaban, atarashii?) |
| Ayumu, is that bag new? |
| 遠井歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : これ？うん。去年の クリスマスに 彼に もらった。(Kore? Un. Kyonen no kurisumasu ni kare ni moratta.) |
| This? Yeah. I got it from my boyfriend for Christmas last year. |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : へー。彼氏に もらったんだー。趣味が 良いねー。(Hē. Kareshi ni moratta n dā. Shumi ga ii nē.) |
| Hmm, so you got it from your boyfriend. He has good taste! |
| : で、歩は、彼氏に 何あげたの？(De, Ayumu wa, kareshi ni nani ageta no?) |
| So, what'd you get for him? |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : な・い・しょ。(Na i sho.) |
| It's a secret! |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : いいじゃん。教えてよ。(Ii jan. Oshiete yo.) |
| C'mon! Tell me! |
| : あ・・・ところで、彼氏と 会って 話した？(A... tokorode, kareshi to atte hanashita?) |
| Oh...by the way, did you meet up and talk with him? |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。実は、誤解だったの。(Un. Jitsu wa, gokai datta no.) |
| Yeah. It was actually all a misunderstanding. |
| : 私たちが 見た人 は 新じゃなかった のよ。(Watashi-tachi ga mita hito wa Shin ja nakatta no yo.) |
| The person we saw wasn't Shin! |
| : ま、長い話なんだけど。(Ma, nagai hanashi nan da kedo.) |
| Well, it's a long story... |
| 近森 渡 (Chikamori Wataru) : そう。よかったねー。(Sō. Yokatta nē.) |
| Oh yeah? Well that's good! |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : うん。来週、彼の 誕生日なの。(Un. Raishū, kare no tanjōbi na no.) |
| Yeah. Next week is his birthday. |
| : 何を あげよう…。(Nani o ageyō…) |
| What should I get him...? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: So Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Ayumu finally found out it was all a 誤解 (gokai). |
| Naomi: そう。(Sō.) |
| Peter: "misunderstanding" - and that her boyfriend hadn't been cheating on her. |
| Naomi: そう、よかったですね。歩はもう怒ってないですね。(Sō, yokatta desu ne. Ayumu wa mō okotte nai desu ne.) |
| Peter: Ayumu isn't angry anymore. |
| Naomi: よかったですね。(Yokatta desu ne.) |
| Peter: Which is good. Now, speaking of boyfriend, Ayumu called her boyfriend 彼 (kare) but Wataru referred to Ayumu's boyfriend as 彼氏 (kareshi). Was there a special reason behind it? |
| Naomi: Not really. It's just that some people use the word 彼 (kare) to mean boyfriend and some use 彼氏 (kareshi). That's all. |
| Peter: So it's not related to my boyfriend or someone else's boyfriend. |
| Naomi: ああ、違います違います。(Ā, chigaimasu chigaimasu.) Nope. But 彼 (kare) mean "he" or "boyfriend", whereas 彼氏 usually means only "boyfriend". Some people use 彼氏 (kareshi) to mean "he", but it's rare, I'd say. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: OK. Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| 趣味 (shumi) [natural native speed] |
| hobby, preference, taste |
| 趣味 (shumi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 趣味 (shumi) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 内緒 (naisho) [natural native speed] |
| secret |
| 内緒 (naisho) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 内緒 (naisho) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| ところで (tokorode) [natural native speed] |
| by the way |
| ところで (tokorode) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ところで (tokorode) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 実は (jitsu wa) [natural native speed] |
| the truth is, actually |
| 実は (jitsu wa) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 実は (jitsu wa) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| 誤解 (gokai) [natural native speed] |
| misunderstand, misinterpret |
| 誤解 (gokai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| 誤解 (gokai) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi-sensei, the first word we’re looking at is? |
| Naomi: 趣味 (shumi) |
| Peter: "hobby", "one's taste". So, 趣味 (shumi) means "one's taste" as well as "hobby." |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) If you say 趣味がいい (shumi ga ii), it means that someone has good taste. |
| Peter: Can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: Sure. 私の彼は趣味がいい。(Watashi no kare wa shumi ga ii.) |
| Peter: “My boyfriend has good taste.” |
| Naomi: The opposite phrase is 趣味が悪い (shumi ga warui). |
| Peter: Literally, "someone's taste is bad" but it means "someone has bad taste." |
| So...Naomi-sensei. Can we say なおみ先生は趣味が悪い (Naomi-sensei wa shumi ga warui), Naomi-sensei has bad taste? |
| Naomi: I knew you were going to say it. Yes, you can. できます。(Dekimasu.) |
| You can specify what kind of taste by using the the particle の (no). For example, 服 (fuku) means clothes, so 服の趣味がいい (fuku no shumi ga ii) is |
| Peter: “To have good taste in clothes.” |
| Naomi: 服の趣味が悪い (fuku no shumi ga warui) is |
| Peter: “To have bad taste in clothes.” Umm... I have to admit that… 僕は服の趣味が悪いです。(Boku wa fuku no shumi ga warui desu.) “I have bad taste in clothes.” |
| Naomi: Oh, you knew that. よかったです。(Yokatta desu.) That’s good. |
| Peter: Now, Naomi-sensei. This makes a lot of sense because one time, I heard someone said あぁ、趣味がいい (ā, shumi ga ii) and I thought they meant that I had a good hobby. |
| Naomi: Ahh… |
| Peter: But they were actually talking about taste. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Or preference. |
| Peter: OK. What's next? |
| Naomi: ところで (tokorode) |
| Peter: “By the way.” This conjunction is used when the speaker wants to change the topic of the conversation. |
| Naomi: Here's a sample sentence. |
| ところで、今夜何食べる？(Tokorode, kon’ya nani taberu?) |
| Peter: “By the way, what are we eating tonight?” So it allowed a topic change. |
| Naomi: そう、そうですね。(Sō, sō desu ne.) In the dialogue, we also have 実は (jitsu wa), |
| Peter: “Actually.” |
| Naomi: Some English speakers use this word "actually" pretty often, right? |
| Peter: Yeah, I think so. People have certain speaking habits. So this could definitely be one of them. |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) But here is my advice. Don't overuse 実は (jitsu wa), |
| Peter: “actually” |
| Naomi: in Japanese because it's really a big word. When you say 実は (jitsu wa), it sounds like you're going to give some very important information. I personally think it's more similar to "the truth is." |
| Peter: So I guess what you want to say is like not a big word but a very strong phrase. |
| Naomi: そうですね。あ、そう。(Sō desu ne. A, sō.) Strong phrase. 強い言葉です。(Tsuyoi kotoba desu.) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: OK. Let’s take a grammar point for this lesson. The focus of this lesson is how to say "to give" and "to receive" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Right. However in this audio portion, we'll only focus on the usage of the verb あげる (ageru). |
| Peter: meaning "to give." OK, can we have a sample sentence? |
| Naomi: 私は 母に 花を あげる。(Watashi wa haha ni hana o ageru.) |
| Peter: “I'm going to give my mother flowers.” Let's break this sentence down. |
| Naomi: 私は (watashi wa) |
| Peter: "I" and the topic marking particle は (wa) |
| Naomi: 母 (haha) |
| Peter: "Mother" |
| Naomi: に (ni) |
| Peter: Particle that indicates direction. |
| Naomi: So 母に (haha ni) means "to my mother." |
| Peter: This is followed by |
| Naomi: 花を (han o) |
| Peter: 花 (hana), “flower” or “flowers” and the object marking particle |
| Naomi: を (o) and あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: “To give.” So... |
| Naomi: 私は母に花をあげる。(Watashi wa haha ni hana o ageru.) |
| Peter: Which literally means, "I / to my mother / flowers / give" Of course it means "I'll give flowers to my mother." or "I'll give my mother flowers." |
| Naomi: Notice that the person who receives the item is marked by に (ni). |
| Peter: OK. How do you say "I'm going to give a bag to my father "? |
| Naomi: To say that sentence in Japanese, the word order should be "I / to my father / a bag / to give" |
| Peter: OK. So the subject plus particle, |
| Naomi: 私は (watashi wa) |
| Peter: “I.” Next say the person who receives the item with the particle に (ni). |
| Naomi: 父に (chichi ni) |
| Peter: “To my father.” Next. The item you give plus the object marking particle? |
| Naomi: バッグを (baggu o ) |
| Peter: "A bag". Finally, add the verb "to give" |
| Naomi: あげる (ageru) |
| Peter: All together? |
| Naomi: 私は父にバッグをあげる。(Watashi wa chichi ni baggu o ageru.) |
| Peter: “I'll give my father a bag” or “I'll give a bag to my father.” OK, listen and repeat. "I'm going to give my father a bag." |
| Naomi: 私は父にバッグをあげる。(Watashi wa chichi ni baggu o ageru.) |
| Peter: [pause] Say "I'm going to give my father a bag" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: [pause] 私は父にバッグをあげる。(Watashiwa chichic ni baggu o ageru.) If you use あげた (ageta) instead of あげる (ageru), it becomes the past tense. You can talk about what you gave someone. ところで、ピーターさん。母の日、父の日に何をあげましたか。(Tokorode, Pītā-san. Haha no hi, chichi no hi ni nani o agemashita ka.) |
| Peter: Ah, by the way, what did I give my parents on Mother's Day and Father's Day? |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Well... 母に花をあげました。父にお礼をあげました。(Haha ni hana o agemashita. Chichi ni o-rei o agemashita.) |
| Naomi: お礼？(O-rei?) |
| Peter: Hm. “Thank you.” |
| Naomi: You just said “Thank you?” |
| Peter: Yeah.. |
| Naomi: Ah! |
| Peter: So I gave my mother flowers, and my father, a thank you. |
| Naomi: Ah. OK. So… あげませんでしたね。お父さんに。(Agemasen deshita ne. O-tō-san ni.) |
| Peter: まぁ、まぁ…うん、まぁね。(Mā, mā… un, mā ne.) You could look it that way. |
| Naomi: Ah, OK. みなさんはプレゼントをあげましたか。(Mina-san wa purezento o agemashita ka.) |
| Peter: So listeners, have you given any presents to anyone lately? If so, please let us know in the comment section. Of course, in Japanese. Also, there's a detailed write up about the verbs あげる (ageru) “to give”, もらう (morau) “to receive”, and くれる (kureru) “to give me”, so don't forget to check the lesson notes. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。(Ja, mata.) |
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