Learn about transitive and intransitive verbs and how to use them
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: Naomiです。 |
| Peter: Peter here. Opening New Doors in Japan. In this lesson, you will learn the usage of a verb meaning "to break" and "to begin" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. Which are こわれる and はじまる |
| Peter: Where does this conversation take place? |
| Naomi: 101テレビ局の前。 |
| Peter: In front of 101 TV Station. |
| Naomi: 男の人が歩に話しかけます。 |
| Peter: A man speaks to Ayumu. |
| Naomi: 二人は丁寧に話しています。 |
| Peter: They're using formal Japanese. OK. Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| （バス） |
| アナウンス: 次は、101テレビ局前。101テレビ局前。 |
| : ドアが あきます。 |
| : ドアが 閉まります。 |
| （外） |
| 男: あの、すみません。落としましたよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: え？ |
| 男: かばんから 財布が 落ちましたよ。はい、これ。 |
| 遠井 歩: あ、ありがとうございます。え？新？ |
| 男: はい？違いますけど。じゃ。 |
| 近森 渡: おはよ。歩。歩？あゆむ！ |
| 遠井 歩: え？ああ、渡・・・おはよう。 |
| 近森 渡: 何しているの。 |
| : 会議が 始まるよ。急いで。 |
| 遠井 歩: あ・・・うん。 |
| : （もしかして・・・あの人は 私が この前病院で見た人？） |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくり、お願いします。 |
| アナウンス: 次は、101テレビ局前。101テレビ局前。 |
| : ドアが あきます。 |
| : ドアが 閉まります。 |
| 男: あの、すみません。落としましたよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: え？ |
| 男: かばんから 財布が 落ちましたよ。はい、これ。 |
| 遠井 歩: あ、ありがとうございます。え？新？ |
| 男: はい？違いますけど。じゃ。 |
| 近森 渡: おはよ。歩。歩？あゆむ！ |
| 遠井 歩: え？ああ、渡・・・おはよう。 |
| 近森 渡: 何しているの。 |
| : 会議が 始まるよ。急いで。 |
| 遠井 歩: あ・・・うん。 |
| : （もしかして・・・あの人は 私が この前病院で見た人？） |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。 |
| アナウンス: 次は、101テレビ局前。101テレビ局前。 |
| Lady: The next stop is 101 TV Station. 101 TV Station. |
| : ドアが あきます。 |
| Lady: The doors will now open. |
| : ドアが 閉まります。 |
| Lady: The doors will now close. |
| 男: あの、すみません。落としましたよ。 |
| Lady: Um, excuse me. You dropped this. |
| 遠井 歩: え？ |
| Lady: Huh? |
| 男: かばんから 財布が 落ちましたよ。 |
| Lady: You dropped this wallet out of your bag. |
| 男: はい、これ。 |
| Lady: Here you are. |
| 遠井 歩: あ、ありがとうございます。 |
| Lady: Thank you very much! |
| 遠井 歩: え？新？ |
| Lady: Huh? Shin?? |
| 男: はい？違いますけど。じゃ。 |
| Lady: I'm sorry? I think you're mistaken. If you'll excuse me. |
| 近森 渡: おはよ。歩？ |
| Lady: 'Morning, Ayumu. |
| : 歩。 |
| Lady: Ayumu? |
| : あゆむ！ |
| Lady: Ayumu! |
| 遠井 歩: え？ああ、渡・・・おはよう。 |
| Lady: Huh? Ohh, Wataru...good morning. |
| 近森 渡: 何しているの。 |
| Lady: What are you doing?! |
| : 会議が 始まるよ。急いで。 |
| Lady: The meeting is going to start! Hurry up! |
| 遠井 歩: あ・・・うん。 |
| Lady: Oh...right. |
| : （もしかして・・・あの人は 私が この前病院で見た人？） |
| Lady: (Could it be...that that person is the person I saw at the hospital the other day?) |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: 直美先生、「ドアがあきます」？Is that correct? It's not 「ドアがひらきます？」 |
| Naomi: ああ、両方正しいです。Both are correct. Both あきます and ひらきます mean "to open", and when they are used to talk about doors, they basically mean the same thing. |
| Peter: I see. What I usually hear in the announcement though is ドアが開きます。 |
| Naomi: あーそうですか。 Is that right? I’ve never noticed it. Speaking of announcements, 日本の電車やバスのアナウンスって聞きやすいですよね。 |
| Peter: So you asked the announcements on train and buses are pretty easy to understand? |
| Naomi: うん。 |
| Peter: Yeah, I guess so. Most of them are pre-recorded and they come with a translation in English. |
| Naomi: あぁそうそう。そうなんですよね、だから、ビギナーにはうれしいですよね。訳があって勉強出来ますからね。 |
| Peter: So it's Japanese-beginner friendly? |
| Naomi: Hm. Don’t you think? |
| Peter: Yeah, I can see that - the translations can be useful for studying. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Naomi: テレビ局 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: T.V. station |
| Naomi: テレビ局 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: テレビ局 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: かばん [natural native speed] |
| Peter: bag |
| Naomi: かばん [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: かばん [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 会議 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: meeting, conference |
| Naomi: 会議 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 会議 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 急ぐ [natural native speed] |
| Peter: to hurry, to rush |
| Naomi: 急ぐ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 急ぐ [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: もしかして [natural native speed] |
| Peter: perhaps, possibly |
| Naomi: もしかして [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: もしかして [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: The first word we’re looking at is? |
| Naomi: かばん |
| Peter: "bag" Now, Naomi-sensei, you can also say バッグ for bag. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。 |
| Peter: So would you say they're interchangeable? |
| Naomi: Ah… According to the dictionary, "yes". はい、そうです。 interchangeable です。 |
| でも...でも、 my image of バッグ is rather small and fashionable. なんか、People usually use かばん for a bag that is relatively big and heavy....you know, maybe one made of leather and has a kind of classic design. I don't know. Anyway, that's my image. |
| Peter: Yeah. I have no idea what it comes to bags. |
| Naomi: Ah-ha. そうね。 You have no interest in bags or かばん。 |
| Peter: あんまり。But we’ll take your word play. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: OK. Next, |
| Naomi: 会議 |
| Peter: "meeting" "conference" |
| Naomi: The katakana word ミーティング is also used to mean "meeting". To me 会議 sounds more formal and serious than ミーティング. |
| Peter: I agree. Generally speaking, the word 会議 refers to a relatively big meeting, right? |
| Naomi: うん。 |
| Peter: Where people have a discussion to decide something. |
| But the word ミーティング tends to be used for a relatively small meeting. I guess in some cases, sharing information with workers. |
| Naomi: あ、そうね。上手な説明ですね。Good explanation.（笑）その通りだと思います。I think you're exactly right. |
| Peter: まぁね。I agree. (笑) OK. What's the last one? |
| Naomi: もしかして |
| Peter: "perhaps", "could it be...", "by any chance", "maybe". This is often used to as a prelude before presenting one's guess. |
| Naomi: うん、そうですね。 Here's a sample sentence. もしかして、ピーターさんですか？ |
| Peter: I maybe wrong but, are you Peter? On to the grammar point. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: The focus of this lesson is the usage of the 2 verbs はじまる, meaning "to begin" or "to start", and こわれる, meaning "to break". |
| Naomi: You must memorize these two verbs, right now!（笑） |
| Peter: I like that. Right now!(Laugh) Now, can we hear them one more time? "To begin" is? |
| Naomi: はじまる |
| Peter: "To break"is |
| Naomi: こわれる |
| Peter: Now, here's a sample sentence for 始まる. |
| Naomi: 会議が始まる |
| Peter: The meeting begins./The meeting is going to begin. |
| Naomi: In this case, who starts the meeting is not important. We are just focusing on the fact that the meeting begins. |
| Peter: Notice that the thing that begins, the thing that starts - in this case 会議 (meeting), was marked by particle が. |
| Naomi: Right. 会議が 始まる。 |
| Peter: "The meeting begins./The meeting is going to begin." Now, how do you say "The summer vacation begins?” or ”The summer vacation starts?" as in "The summer vacation starts now." |
| Naomi: OK."summer vacation" is なつやすみ. |
| Peter: The thing that begins has to be marked by が. So... |
| Naomi: なつやすみが始まる。 |
| Peter: "Summer vacation starts." How do you say "School started"? |
| Naomi: "school" is 学校, and "started" is 始まった, so...学校が始まった |
| Peter: OK, listeners listen and repeat in Japanese. "School started" |
| Naomi: 学校が始まった。 |
| Peter: [pause] Again, say "School started" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: [pause] 学校が始まった。 |
| Peter: On to the next vocab word. |
| Naomi: こわれる |
| Peter: "To break" Kowareru simply means something breaks. |
| Naomi: Right. Who broke it is not important, so it's not mentioned. |
| Peter: How do you say "The car breaks or the car iわ going to break"? |
| Naomi: 車がこわれる。 |
| Peter: Notice that the thing that breaks is marked by particle が. Who or what breaks the car is not mentioned. OK. How do you say "The computer broke"? |
| Naomi: Computer is コンピューター |
| Peter: The thing that breaks is marked by が. So... |
| Naomi: コンピューターが |
| Peter: The past form of (こわれる), "to break", is (こわれた), so... |
| Naomi: コンピューターが こわれた |
| Peter: OK. Listen and repeat "The computer broke." |
| Naomi: コンピューターがこわれた |
| Peter: OK. Say "The computer broke" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: [pause] コンピューターがこわれた |
| Peter: OK. For these lessons, some of you may have some really important questions. Now, I don't want to scare you with grammatical terms, but these verbs はじまる and こわれる are intransitive verbs. |
| Naomi: そうですね。There's a detailed write up about what an intransitive verb is and how to use it, so 読んでくださいね。 |
| Peter: Definitely take some time to read this because transitive and intransitive verbs are very important in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: Japanese in particular. |
| Naomi: Hm. |
| Peter: So reading this will help you get a good understanding. And this will really help you in your studies. |
| Naomi: はい、そう思います。 |
| Peter: That’s going to do it. |
| Naomi: じゃ、また。 |
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