Learn how to explain a timeline using Japanese phrases
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。 |
| Peter: Peter here. After this Japanese lesson, nothing will ever be the same. In this lesson, you will review the usage of "when", "before" and "after" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. とき、まえに and あとで を復習します。 |
| Peter: This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: ツインズというカフェ |
| Peter: at a cafe called TWINS. |
| Naomi: そこで、彼氏と彼女が話しています。 |
| Peter: The conversation is between a boyfriend and a girlfriend. |
| Naomi: カジュアルな日本語を使っています。 |
| Peter: You'll hear informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞きましょう。 |
| Peter: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 下山 新: 見た？何を？ |
| 遠井 歩: 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。 |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。 |
| 下山 新: 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。 |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。 |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。 |
| 下山 新: 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。 |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。 |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。 |
| 下山 新: は？それ・・・誰？ |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度は、ゆっくり、お願いします。 |
| 下山 新: 見た？何を？ |
| 遠井 歩: 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。 |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。 |
| 下山 新: 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。 |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。 |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。 |
| 下山 新: 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。 |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。 |
| 遠井 歩: でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。 |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。 |
| 下山 新: は？それ・・・誰？ |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。 |
| 下山 新: 見た？何を？ |
| Lady: You saw...what? |
| 遠井 歩: 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。 |
| Lady: After I saw the movie with Chikamori, I saw you at the hospital. |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。 |
| Lady: It was around eight o'clock at night. |
| 下山 新: 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。 |
| Lady: Eight at night? That was someone else! |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。 |
| Lady: It's true that after leaving the office at noon I went to the hospital. |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。 |
| Lady: But after going back home, I didn't leave the house! |
| 遠井 歩: でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。 |
| Lady: But after you talked with me on the phone, you went to the hospital, right? |
| 下山 新: 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。 |
| Lady: I went to the hospital BEFORE I talked to you. |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。 |
| Lady: After talking to you, I went right to sleep. |
| 遠井 歩: でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。 |
| Lady: But when I left the movie theater, I saw you. |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。 |
| Lady: You met up with a woman named Miu at Yamakawa Hospital, didn't you? |
| 下山 新: は？それ・・・誰？ |
| Lady: What? Who is THAT? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: ああ～大変ですね。It looks like someone is in big trouble.But 歩が見た人は新じゃないです。ハルヤです。 |
| Peter: The person Ayumu saw was not her boyfriend Shin, but Haruya. 誤解ですね。 |
| Naomi: Ah...そうね。 Misunderstanding. That's kind of an advanced word for beginners, don't you think? |
| Peter: It is. But I think it's easy to remember. And if you say it, I think you have an incredible impression of a listener. |
| Naomi: そうね。 |
| Peter: And also, I think we got a little mnemonic, little trick to memorizing it. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: To say the fifth floor. You say? |
| Naomi: Ah, 五階。They have the same pronunciation and pitch accent. That's a really good way to remember this word 誤解 misunderstanding. |
| Peter: Now, I think in Europe the fourth floor actually corresponds to what a Japanese call the fifth floor. |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。 |
| Peter: So I think it's an easy way to remember this mnemonic, is the fifth floor in Japan is easy to be mistaken for the fourth floor in Europe. |
| Naomi: Hmm. |
| Peter: 五階 Fifth floor, and 誤解 mistake. That might work. Now, Naomi-sensei. This phrase 誤解 mistake, you hear it in phrases like それは誤解です。That’s misunderstanding. Or, this is also kind of one 誤解しないでください！Don't misunderstand me.These are two phrases that’s used quite a bit, right? |
| Naomi: It sounds like you're easily misunderstood by people. (笑) But you're right! You'll hear this word 誤解 in Japanese dramas, anime and so on. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Naomi: 映画 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: movie, film |
| Naomi: 映画 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 映画 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 確かに [natural native speed] |
| Peter: surely, certainly |
| Naomi: 確かに [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 確かに [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 人違い [natural native speed] |
| Peter: mistaking one person for another, mistaken identity |
| Naomi: 人違い [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 人違い [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 昼間 [natural native speed] |
| Peter: during the day, daytime |
| Naomi: 昼間 [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 昼間 [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: すぐに [natural native speed] |
| Peter: immediately |
| Naomi: すぐに [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: すぐに [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is? |
| Naomi: 確か |
| Peter: "sure", "certain" |
| Naomi: な 形容詞 です |
| Peter: It's a na-adjective. However when ni follows it, it becomes an adverb |
| Naomi: Right. 確かに means "surely", "for sure", "indeed", or "without question." |
| Peter: Can we hear an example? |
| Naomi: 確かに 私は ドアを閉めました。 |
| Peter: I certainly closed the door. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。 |
| Peter: Tashika ni is often used as あいづち, which are filler words or response words, right? |
| Naomi: そうね。確かに！ Just like that.（笑） |
| Peter: It means "Indeed" or "that's for sure" or "True" |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: OK. What's next? |
| Naomi: I'd like to introduce the sentence ending expression でしょ？with rising intonation. |
| Peter: Yes! I’ve been waiting for this lesson. でしょ？or だろ？ with rising intonation is often used to confirm something. |
| Naomi: It's similar to an English tag question, such as "Isn't it?" "don't you?" |
| Peter: Or “right?” |
| Naomi: うん、そうね。 |
| Peter: Sample sentence please. |
| Naomi: 映画は８時からでしょう？ |
| Peter: The movie starts at 8, right? |
| Naomi: In casual conversation, we tend to shorten the last vowel. Like でしょ？instead of でしょう？ |
| So...映画は８時からでしょ？ |
| Peter: The movie starts at 8, right?I think women tend to use でしょ the shorten version, and men tend to use だろ？in informal speech. |
| Naomi: あ、そうね。 I think you're right. |
| Peter: And I also want to point out that you can use でしょ？ and だろ？ by themselves. |
| Naomi: Ah...Like "I know” or “right?" |
| Peter: For example, なおみ先生は素敵ですね。Naomi, you look very pretty. |
| Naomi: Ahah, でしょ？（笑） Right. I know. |
| Peter: That was the very modest one. See, you didn’t execute the confidence. Let’s try the other way. I can show you. |
| Naomi: Ok. ピーター,かっこいいね。Peter, you’re so good looking. |
| Peter: だろ？ |
| Naomi: (笑) むかつく。 |
| Peter: So the way I said it was a lot more confident. I know! Tell me something I don’t know. Let’s try one more time with Naomi-sensei. なおみ先生は素敵ですね。 |
| Naomi: でしょ？ |
| Peter: Yeah, so I know! But this can be a very nice joke. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: When you say it in a right context among friends. |
| Naomi: そうですね。 |
| Peter: So if someone tells you something like that you already know, or very obvious, you can use the shortened versions to convey the fact that I know, and I think it’s a good surprise of a couple of people. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll review how to say "when", "before", and "after" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. とき means "when...", まえ means "Before...", and あと means "After..." |
| Peter: Let's start with まえに, meaning "before". |
| The verb that comes before 前に, meaning "before", has to be in the informal non-past or the dictionary form. |
| Naomi: Right. 出る前に。 |
| Peter: Before leaving. OK. We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei. "Before you leave the office, please call me." |
| Naomi: 会社を出る前に、電話をしてください。 |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Naomi: Ok. Next let's review あと meaning "after" |
| Peter: Please remember that the verb that comes before あと "after" has to be in the informal past |
| Naomi: Right. 出た後 |
| Peter: After leaving. We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei, "After you leave the office, please call me". |
| Naomi: 会社を出た後、電話をしてください。 |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Naomi: Lastly, let's review the usage of とき meaning "when" |
| Peter: とき"when", can follow both non-past and past verbs, right? |
| Naomi: But please remember that the verb has to be in informal form. |
| Peter: Can we hear a sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure. 映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見た。 |
| Peter: "When I left the movie theater, I saw you." |
| Naomi: Right. It's like "...Right after I left the movie theater, I saw you." |
| Peter: We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei. "When I left the movie theater, I saw you." |
| Naomi: 映画館を出たとき、あなたを見た。 |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Now the usage of verb plus toki “when” is rather complicated, read the lesson notes for more information. |
| Naomi: それじゃあ、また。 |
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