Learn how to use Japanese verbs in the past affirmative form
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Intro |
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| Jessi: Hi everyone, ジェシーです (Jeshī desu)。Jessi here! |
| Motoko: こんにちは (Kon'nichiwa)、Motoko です (desu)。 |
| Jessi: How Long Ago Did you Arrive in Japan? Thanks again for joining us for this lesson! Motoko, what did we learn in the last lesson, Lesson 18? |
| Motoko: In the last lesson, we learned how to make the negative form of verbs. For example, にくをたべません (niku o tabemasen)。 |
| Jessi: I don't eat meat. And in this lesson, you'll learn how to make the past tense form of a verb. You'll be able to talk about things that happened in the past, like I WENT to the park. |
| Motoko: Jessi, what's happening in this conversation? |
| Jessi: In the conversation, Taylor is talking to his mother-in-law, Chiemi's mother, on the phone. Remember that Taylor and his family have just arrived in Japan. |
| Motoko: Great! Let's listen to the conversation. |
| Dialogue |
| テイラー: きのう、にほん に きました。 |
| Taylor: Kinō, Nihon ni kimashita. |
| テイラー: …はい、みんな、げんき です。 |
| Taylor: ... Hai, min'na, genki desu. |
| テイラー: …メール、よみました。あした、おとうさん と おかあさん の うち に いきます。 |
| Taylor: .... Mēru yomimashita. Ashita, O-tō-san to O-kā-san no uchi ni ikimasu. |
| テイラー: …おとうさん に よろしく。 |
| Taylor: ...O-tō-san ni yoroshiku. |
| Jessi: Let’s listen to the conversation again slowly. |
| テイラー: きのう、にほん に きました。 |
| Taylor: Kinō, Nihon ni kimashita. |
| テイラー: …はい、みんな、げんき です。 |
| Taylor: ... Hai, min'na, genki desu. |
| テイラー: …メール、よみました。あした、おとうさん と おかあさん の うち に いきます。 |
| Taylor: .... Mēru yomimashita. Ashita, O-tō-san to O-kā-san no uchi ni ikimasu. |
| テイラー: …おとうさん に よろしく。 |
| Taylor: ...O-tō-san ni yoroshiku. |
| Jessi: Now let’s listen to it with the translation. |
| テイラー: きのう、にほん に きました。 |
| Taylor: Kinō, Nihon ni kimashita. |
| Jessi: We came to Japan yesterday. |
| テイラー: …はい、みんな、げんき です。 |
| Taylor: ... Hai, min'na, genki desu. |
| Jessi: ... Yes, everyone's fine. |
| テイラー: …メール、よみました。 |
| Taylor: .... Mēru yomimashita. |
| Jessi: ... I read your e-mail. |
| テイラー: あした、おとうさん と おかあさん の うち に いきます。 |
| Taylor: Ashita, O-tō-san to O-kā-san no uchi ni ikimasu. |
| Jessi: Tomorrow we're coming to your and Father's house. |
| テイラー: …おとうさん に よろしく。 |
| Taylor: ...O-tō-san ni yoroshiku. |
| Jessi: ... Please give my regards to Father. |
| Vocabulary and Phrase Usage |
| Jessi: Okay. So, Taylor is on the phone with Chiemi's mother, or in other words, his mother-in-law! |
| Motoko: That's right; he's doing a good job! |
| Jessi: Yes, I'd say so! He's speaking politely and saying all the right things. |
| Motoko: Let's look at one of the phrases he uses. |
| Jessi: Sure. Which one? |
| Motoko: At the end, he says おとうさんによろしく (o-tō-san ni yoroshiku)。 |
| Jessi: おとうさん (O-tō-san), which means "father", plus によろしく (ni yoroshiku), which means something like "please give my regards to", or "please say hello to". |
| Motoko: That's right! |
| Jessi: So, anytime you want to say to someone “please say hello to so-and-so for me”, or “please give my regards to so-and-so”, you can just use... |
| Motoko: [person's name] plus によろしく (ni yoroshiku)。 |
| Jessi: A very handy phrase. Can you tell us what Taylor said, again? |
| Motoko: Sure, he said おとうさんによろしく (o-tō-san ni yoroshiku)。 |
| Jessi: Please give my regards to Father. |
| Motoko: Yes. |
| Jessi: And, there are a couple more vocab words I want to go over too; the words for yesterday, and tomorrow. |
| Motoko: Yesterday is きのう (kinō). |
| Jessi: きのう (Kinō) please repeat. Yesterday. |
| Motoko: きのう (kinō) |
| [pause] |
| Motoko: And tomorrow is あした (ashita) |
| Jessi: あした (ashita) please repeat. Tomorrow. |
| Motoko: あした (ashita) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: You'll learn the word that means today in the next lesson! |
| Motoko: That's right, so please tune in. |
| Jessi: The one that means yesterday, きのう (kinō), will be especially useful in this lesson, since we'll be talking about actions that happened in the past. |
| Motoko: Yes, so please keep this word in mind; きのう (kinō). |
| Jessi: And with that, let's move on to the lesson focus! |
| Motoko: Okay, let's go! |
| Grammar Point |
| Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to change verbs into their past tense form. That means you'll be able to talk about events that have happened in the past. |
| Motoko: We'll still be using our same pattern, [A] は (wa) [object] を (o) [verb]. |
| Jessi: Okay, so by now you know that polite verbs end in ます (masu), correct? |
| Motoko: Like たべます (tabemasu) |
| Jessi: to eat |
| Motoko: のみます (nomimasu) |
| Jessi: to drink |
| Motoko: and いきます (ikimasu) |
| Jessi: to go. |
| Jessi: And to form the past tense, all you need to do is change the final ます (masu) to ました (ma shita)。 |
| Motoko: Easy, right? |
| Jessi: Let's take some very simple sentences and turn them into the past tense. |
| Motoko: Sounds good. How about... えいがを みます (eiga o mimasu) |
| Jessi: えいが (Ei ga) movie を みます (o mimasu) watch. “I watch a movie”. Now, if we want to change this to past tense, and say “I watched a movie”, it would be... |
| Motoko: えいがを みました。 (Eiga o mimashita) |
| Jessi: えいがを みました。 (Eiga o mimashita.) Listeners, please repeat! “I watched a movie”. |
| Motoko: えいがを みました。 (Eiga o mimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Great. Let's try another one. How about one using the verbいきます (ikimasu), to go. |
| Motoko: Okay! Let's use.. がっこうに いきます。 (Gakkō ni ikimasu.) |
| Jessi: がっこう (Gakkō) school に いきます (ni ikimasu) to go. |
| Motoko: がっこうに いきます (Gakkō ni ikimasu)。 “I go to school”. |
| Jessi: In the past tense, this becomes... |
| Motoko: がっこうに いきました。 (Gakkō ni ikimashita.) |
| Jessi: がっこうに いきました (Gakkō ni ikimashita.)。 Listeners, please repeat! “I went to school”. |
| Motoko: がっこうに いきました。 (Gakkō ni ikimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Okay, sounding good! Now, if you want to be specific and mention when an action took place, you can add a time phrase that indicates the past. For example, earlier we learned the word きのう (kinō), right? |
| Motoko: Remember that きのう (kinō) means yesterday. |
| Jessi: So we could add this to our sentences to be more specific. Let's see how it sounds. |
| Motoko: きのう、えいがを みました。 (Kinō, eiga o mimashita.) |
| Jessi: Yesterday, I watched a movie. |
| Motoko: きのう、がっこうに いきました。 (Kinō, gakkō ni ikimashita.) |
| Jessi: Yesterday, I went to school. |
| Motoko: Sounding great! |
| Jessi: Okay. Now, let's take a look at some of the examples from our conversation. |
| Motoko: First, Taylor said きのう、にほん に きました (kinō, ni hon ni kimashita)。 |
| Jessi: "We came to Japan yesterday." The verb here is |
| Motoko: きました (kimashita) |
| Jessi: which is the past tense of the verb きます (kimasu) which means "to come". |
| Motoko: After that, he says メール、よみました (mēru, yomimashita)。 |
| Jessi: "I read your email." The verb in this sentence is |
| Motoko: よみました (yomimashita) |
| Jessi: which is the past tense of the verb よみます (yomimasu) which means "to read". Okay listeners, are you ready to listen and repeat? First is, “We came to Japan yesterday”. |
| Motoko: きのう、にほん に きました。 (Kinō, ni hon ni kimashita.) |
| [pause] |
| Jessi: Next is, I read your email. |
| Motoko: メール、よみました。 (Mēru, yomimashita.) |
| [pause] |
Outro |
| Jessi: All right, how was that? |
| Motoko: Not so bad, right? |
| Jessi: Listeners, after you finish listening to this lesson, be sure to leave us a comment telling us something you did in the past! |
| Motoko: We look forward to hearing from you! |
| Jessi: Please let us know if you have any questions! Until next time, everyone! |
| Motoko: じゃあまた！ (Jā mata!) |
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