Learn about expressing one's opinion
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Natsuko: ใใใซใกใฏใใชใคใใงใใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ |
| Anthony: Anthony here. We canโt rule out any possibilities for Japan! |
| Naomi: ไปๆฅใฎๆๆณใฎใใคใณใใฏ๏ผ |
| Natsuko: ใใจใฏใใใใชใใ |
| Anthony: It's not necessarily the case |
| Natsuko: ใ็่ซ็ใlogicalใซ่ชๅใฎๆ่ฆใ่จใใจใใซๅฝนใซ็ซใกใพใใใ |
| Naomi: ใงใฏใไผ่ฉฑใซใคใใฆๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Natsuko: ใฏใใใพใใไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใฎๅ ด้ขใฏใใใฌใใฎใคใณใฟใใฅใผใฎใใใงใใใขใใฆใณใตใผใๅคงๅญฆใฎๆๆใซใคใณใฟใใฅใผใใใฆใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ไฝใซใคใใฆใคใณใฟใใฅใผใใใฆใใใฎใงใใใ๏ผ |
| Natsuko: ไปใๆฅๆฌใง่ฉฑ้กใซใชใฃใฆใใใใ้ฃๆ่ช็ตฆ็ใใซใคใใฆ่ฉฑใใฆใใใใใงใใ |
| Naomi: ้ฃๆ่ช็ตฆ็ใฃใฆใใใฎใฏใใขใณใฝใใผใใใ่ฑ่ชใ ใจ๏ผ |
| Anthony: The ratio of food self-sufficiency. So this conversation is between a TV announcer and a University professor. They are talking about Japan's food self-sufficiency ratio. |
| Natsuko: ใงใฏๆฉ้่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| Anthony: Let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ๅธไผ่ :ไปๆฅใฏใๆฑ้ฝๅคงๅญฆใฎ่ๆณๆๆใใๆใใใฆใๅ ็ใฎๆ่ฟใฎ่ๆธใ่ฟใๅฐๆฅใๆฅๆฌใ้ฃขใใ๏ผใใซใคใใฆใใ่ฉฑใใไผบใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| : ่ๆณๅ ็ใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:ใฏใใใใกใใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| ๅธไผ่ :ๆฉ้ใงใใใใใฎใฟใคใใซใใใชใ่กๆ็ใงใใญใ |
| : ใใฎ่ฑใใชๅฝใ้ฃขใใใจใใใใจใใๅฎ้ใซ่ตทใใใใใใจใชใฎใงใใใใใ |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:็งใฏใ่ตทใใใใใจ่ใใฆใใพใใ |
| : ๆฅๆฌใฎ้ฃ็ณง่ช็ตฆ็ใฏใ1965ๅนดใฎ73๏ผ ใใไธใใ็ถใใไปใฏ40๏ผ ใใใชใใใงใใ |
| : ใงใใใใไธใไธใ้ฃๆใ่ผธๅ ฅใงใใชใใชใใใใชไบๆ ใซใชใฃใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏใไปใฎ4ๅฒใฎ้ฃๆใง็ใใฆใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใฎใงใใ |
| ๅธไผ่ :ใชใใปใฉใใใใใใใไบๆ ใ่ตทใใชใใจใ้ใใชใใงใใญใ |
| : ๅคฉๅไธ้ ใงใ่ผธๅ ฅๅ ใฎๅฝใงไฝ็ฉใไธไฝใซใชใใชใใจใ้ใใชใใงใใใใใ |
| : ใใใซใใใคใพใงใๅนณๅใ็ถใใจใฏ้ใใชใใงใใใใญใ |
| : ใจใใใงใ่ช็ตฆ็ใฎไฝไธใฎไธปใชๅๅ ใฏใไฝใชใใงใใใ๏ผ |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:ใใฏใๆฅๆฌไบบใฎ้ฃ็ๆดปใฎๆด้ขจๅใงใใ |
| : ็ฑณใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏ100๏ผ ใชใฎใซๆฏในใใใณใฎๆๆใงใใๅฐ้บฆ็ฒใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏใ10๏ผ ็จๅบฆใใใใใพใใใ |
| : ใงใใใใใใณ้ฃใๅคใใชใใฐใชใใปใฉใ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏไธใใใใจใซใชใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใๅ ฅใใพใใ |
| ๅธไผ่ :ไปๆฅใฏใๆฑ้ฝๅคงๅญฆใฎ่ๆณๆๆใใๆใใใฆใๅ ็ใฎๆ่ฟใฎ่ๆธใ่ฟใๅฐๆฅใๆฅๆฌใ้ฃขใใ๏ผใใซใคใใฆใใ่ฉฑใใไผบใใใใใจๆใใพใใ |
| : Today, weโve invited Professor Kusayanagi of Toto University to speak about his recent book "Japan will starve in the near future." |
| : ่ๆณๅ ็ใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| : Professor Kusayanagi, if you please. |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:ใฏใใใใกใใใใใใใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| : Thank you very much for having me. |
| ๅธไผ่ :ๆฉ้ใงใใใใใฎใฟใคใใซใใใชใ่กๆ็ใงใใญใ |
| : Without any further ado, this is quite a shocking title. |
| : ใใฎ่ฑใใชๅฝใ้ฃขใใใจใใใใจใใๅฎ้ใซ่ตทใใใใใใจใชใฎใงใใใใใ |
| : Do you actually think that it may be possible for such a prosperous country to "starve?" |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:็งใฏใ่ตทใใใใใจ่ใใฆใใพใใ |
| : Yes, I think it may well be possible. |
| : ๆฅๆฌใฎ้ฃ็ณง่ช็ตฆ็ใฏใ1965ๅนดใฎ73๏ผ ใใไธใใ็ถใใไปใฏ40๏ผ ใใใชใใใงใใ |
| : The amount of food that Japan produces for itself has continued to decline, dropping from seventy-three percent in 1965 to forty percent at present. |
| : ใงใใใใไธใไธใ้ฃๆใ่ผธๅ ฅใงใใชใใชใใใใชไบๆ ใซใชใฃใใใๆฅๆฌไบบใฏใไปใฎ4ๅฒใฎ้ฃๆใง็ใใฆใใใชใใใฐใชใใชใใฎใงใใ |
| : If for some unforeseen reason we became unable to import food from the outside, the Japanese people would be forced to live on the remaining forty percent of their food supplies. |
| ๅธไผ่ :ใชใใปใฉใใใใใใใไบๆ ใ่ตทใใชใใจใ้ใใชใใงใใญใ |
| : I seeโฆ So youโre saying thereโs no guarantee that such a situation wonโt occur. |
| : ๅคฉๅไธ้ ใงใ่ผธๅ ฅๅ ใฎๅฝใงไฝ็ฉใไธไฝใซใชใใชใใจใ้ใใชใใงใใใใใ |
| : Crops could be lost to poor weather conditions in the exporting countryโฆ |
| : ใใใซใใใคใพใงใๅนณๅใ็ถใใจใฏ้ใใชใใงใใใใญใ |
| : and there are no real guarantees that peace will last either. |
| : ใจใใใงใ่ช็ตฆ็ใฎไฝไธใฎไธปใชๅๅ ใฏใไฝใชใใงใใใ๏ผ |
| : By the way, to what do you attribute the decline in self-supporting food production? |
| ่ๆณๆๆ:ใใฏใๆฅๆฌไบบใฎ้ฃ็ๆดปใฎๆด้ขจๅใงใใ |
| : I believe it is due to the westernization of the Japanese diet. |
| : ็ฑณใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏ100๏ผ ใชใฎใซๆฏในใใใณใฎๆๆใงใใๅฐ้บฆ็ฒใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏใ10๏ผ ็จๅบฆใใใใใพใใใ |
| : Although Japan produces one-hundred percent of its own rice, it only produces about ten percent of the flour we use to make bread. |
| : ใงใใใใใใณ้ฃใๅคใใชใใฐใชใใปใฉใ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏไธใใใใจใซใชใใพใใ |
| : As a result, the more bread we eat, the lower the rate of self-supported food production drops. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Natsuko: ็ตๆง้ฃใใๅ่ชใใใใใๅบใฆใใฆใใพใใใญใใใใชในใใผใฎ็ใใใฏๅคงไธๅคซใ ใฃใใงใใใใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฏใ้ฃๆ่ช็ตฆ็ใfood self sufficiency rate ใซใคใใฆใฎใ่ฉฑใงใใใญใ |
| Natsuko: ่ช็ตฆ็ใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ใฃใฆไฝใใงใใใญใใใใ็ฐกๅใซ่จใใจใๆฅๆฌไบบใ้ฃในใใใฎใฎใใกใๆฅๆฌใงๅใใใใฎใฏ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ใ ใใใใจใฎ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ใฏไปใฎๅฝใงใงใใใใฎใ้ฃในใฆใใใฃใฆใใจใงใใใใญใใขใกใชใซใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏ๏ผ |
| Anthony: ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ |
| Natsuko: ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใใใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผใใผใปใณใไปฅไธใฃใฆใใใใจใฏใ่ผธๅบใใฆใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใ่ผธๅบใใใใใใใปใปใปใใขใกใชใซใๆฅๆฌใซใ็่่ฒทใ่ฒทใใใใใถใ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใพใใใใใญใ |
| ใใคใฏใใใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฎ่จ็ฎๆนๆณใซใใๅ้กใใใใชใใฆใใใใฆใใใฟใใใงใใใไพใใฐใใใใฏใๆฅๆฌใง่ฒใฃใใใใงใใใใใใใจใใฃใฆใใ่ฑใฏใ้่ใใๆ็ฉใ้ฃในใพใใใญใใใใฏใฉใใใ๏ผใใใฆใ้่ใใๆ็ฉใใคใใ่ฅๆใฏใฉใใใ๏ผใจใ่ใใฆใใใจใใฉใใพใงใใใใฎใผใใฐใใใฎใใใใใใชใใงใใใใญใ |
| Anthony: ใชใใปใฉใใใ่ใใใจใ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ใใใใไฝใใชใใปใปใปใฃใฆใใจใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใใใใฃใฆใใใใจใ ใจๆใใพใใใใใขใณใฝใใผใใใๆใ้ข็ฝใTใทใฃใใ็ใฆใใใจใใ,ใใใใ่ใใใฎใงใใใปใปใปใ |
| Anthony: ่ชๅใ็ใฆใใใจใใใใใ่ฆใใใงใใใฉใใใใฏใใใซใใฎใญใฃใฉใฏใฟใผใงใ |
| ใญใใซใใปใใฏใใใซใใฃใฆใใใใใชใใงใใใๅฝผใใใซใใใๆใฃใฆใใฆใ(ๆฅๆฌไบบใชใ็ฑณใ้ฃใใฃใฆๆธใใฆใใฃใฆใ |
| Natsuko: ็ขบใใซใใใฃใใใ้ใใฃใฆๆใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi:ใกใใฃใจใใทใฅใผใซใชๆใใงใใใญใ |
| Natsuko:ใใใงใใญใไปๆฅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใซใๅบใฆใใพใใใใฉใๆฅๆฌใฎ็ฑณใฎ่ช็ตฆ็ใฏไธๅฟ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ๏ผ ใฃใฆใใใใจใซใชใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใญใใ ใใใ |
| ใใฃใจใใใฎTใทใฃใใฏ่ช็ตฆ็ใไธใใใญใฃใณใใผใณใซไฝฟใใใใฎใ ใฃใใใงใใญใ |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Anthony: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Naomi: ใงใฏๅ่ชใ่ฆใฆใใใพใใใใใพใใๆๅใฎๅ่ชใฏ |
| Natsuko: ่ๆธ |
| Anthony: literary work, book, |
| Natsuko: ใใใฏๆฌใใฎใใจใงใใใญใใใคใขใญใฐใซใฏใๅ ็ใฎๆ่ฟใฎ่ๆธใ |
| Anthony: Your recent work(book) |
| Natsuko: ใจใใใพใใใใ่ๆธใซใฏใใใฎไบบใๆธใใๆฌใใจใใๆๅณใใใใฎใงใไบบใฎๅๅใจไธ็ทใซใใไฝฟใใใพใใ |
| Naomi:ไพใใฐ๏ผใใใชใ่ๆธใ ใใงใฏไฝฟใใชใใฆใ๏ฝใฎ่ๆธใฃใฆใใ้ขจใซไฝฟใใใใฃใฆใใใใจใงใใญใ |
| Natsuko:ใใใงใใญใๆฌกใฎๅ่ชใฏ |
| Naomi: ้ฃขใใ |
| Anthony: to starve, to be hungry |
| Naomi: ใใฎๆผขๅญใๅทฆๅดใ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใ |
| ใใใ้ฃในใใฃใฆใใๆผขๅญใงใใใญใ้ฃใธใใฃใฆๅผใฐใใใใฎใใใใงใใใ |
| ใงใๅณๅดใ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใๅณๅดใฏใใผใใซใฟใใใชๅฝขใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใๆบใฎๅณๅดใจไธ็ทใงใใใใใฏใใใผใใซใจใใใใฟใใใใใ ใใใงใใใงใใๅๆใซใใใใชใใใจใใๆๅณใใใใใงใใฃใฆใใ ใใใ้ฃใน็ฉใๅฐใชใใใใใจใใใใฟใงใใฎๆผขๅญใฎใคใใใฏใชใฃใฆใใใใใงใใ |
| Natsuko:้ฃใน็ฉใจใใผใใซใฃใฆใใๆๅณใใใชใใใงใใญใใใฎๅ ดๅใฏใ |
| Naomi:้ฃใน็ฉใจๅฐใชใใจใใๆๅณใชใใ ใใใงใใใงใฏๆฌกใซใใใฌใผใบใๅใไธใใพใใใใใพใใใใคใขใญใฐใงใใขใใฆใณใตใผใใใใชใใจ่จใฃใฆใพใใใ |
| Natsuko: ๅฎ้ใซ่ตทใใใใใใจใชใฎใงใใใใใCould it actually happen? |
| Naomi: ใใใซๅฏพใใฆใๆๆprofessorใ |
| Anthony:็งใฏใ่ตทใใใใใจ่ใใฆใใพใใIn my opinion, it could happen. |
| Naomi: ใ่ตทใใใใใใใ่ตทใใใใใใcould happen ไบใคใจใๅใๆๅณใงใใ |
| Natsuko: ใใใใใ ใฎใปใใใๆ่ชwritten languageใใชใฎใงใใใฏใใกใใฃใจformalใชๆใ |
| ใซใชใใพใใญใ |
| Anthony: masu stem ใซใคใใพใใญใ |
| Naomi: masu stem ใใฉในใใใใmasu stem ใใฉใน ใใใฃใฆใใใใจใงใใญใใใใคใใใใใฎใฏใใ่ตทใใใใใใ่ตทใใใใใใฎใปใใซใฏใใใใใใใใใใใใใใชใใฆใใใฎใใใใพใใญใ |
| Natsuko:ใใใงใใญ ใใใๅบใฆใใพใใญใใกใชใฟใซๅ จ้จใฎๅ่ฉใซใคใใจใฏ้ใใพใใใ |
| Anthony: ใจใฏ้ใใชใใNot necessarily the case. That's this lesson's grammar point. So on to the grammar. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Naomi: ใใฎใฌใในใณใฎๆๆณใฏไป่ชฌๆใใ |
| Natsuko: ใจใฏ้ใใชใใor ใจใ้ใใชใ |
| Anthony: It's not always the case |
| Naomi: AใฏBใ ใใชใใA=BใใงใใใญใไพๅคexceptionใฏใชใใงใใใงใใAใฏBใจใฏ้ใใชใใใใใจใใใจใใAใฏBใใใใใชใใใBใใใชใใใใใใชใใใAใฏใใคใBใ ใจๆฑบใพใฃใฆใใชใใใ ใใใใจใใๆๅณใงใใ |
| Anthony: "to wa kagiranai" or "to mo kagiranai" is usually used in a form like "clause + to wa kagiranai" or "clause + to mo kagiranai" and it means "what is described in the preceding clause" is not necessarily the case. |
| Natsuko: ้ใใใฏใ"to limit"ใจใใๆๅณใงใใใใ้ใใชใใฏใ"not limited" ใงใใใใใใจใฏใใใใชใใใ็ด่จณ ใใใจ |
| Anthony: literally means "not limited to -----." |
| Naomi: ๆฌกใซๅฝขใ่ฆใฆใฟใพใใใใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใใใจใใใใใชใใใฎๅใฏใใงใใใใพใใใฏๅ ฅใใพใใใไพๆใ่ฆใฆใใใฟใพใใใใ |
| Natsuko: ๆๆฅใๆดใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใ |
| Anthony: We can't assume that it will be sunny tomorrow." |
| Naomi: ๆๆฅๆดใใใปใปใปใจใฏ้ใใชใใไธๅฏงใชๅฝขFormalใซใใใใจใใฏใๆ็ซ ใฎ็ตใใใformal ใซใใพใใๆๆฅๆดใใพใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใงใฏใชใใฆใๆๆฅๆดใใใจใฏ้ใใพใใใปใปใปใงใใญใ |
| Natsuko: ใใกใใใใๆๆฅๆดใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใจใใใฎใฏใใๆๆฅใๆดใใใใใใใชใใใใฏใใชใใใใใใชใใใจใใๆๅณใงใใญใ |
| Anthony: ใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใจใใจใ้ใใชใใใฏๅใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Natsuko: ๅบๆฌ็ใซๅใใจ่ใใฆใใใจๆใใพใใใ |
| Naomi: ใกใใฃใจ่ชฟในใฆใฟใพใใใใ็ดฐใใ่จใใจใใใจใ้ใใชใใใฎใปใใใๆฅต็ซฏใชใใจใ่จใๅ ดๅใซไฝฟใใใใใ่ตทใใๅฏ่ฝๆงใไฝใๆใซไฝฟใใใใปใปใปใจๆๆณใฎๆฌใซใฏๆธใใฆใใใพใใใญใ |
| ใใฎใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใใใจใ้ใใชใใใจใใ่กจ็พใฏใใใฟใใชใฎในใใฌใชใฟใคใใใๆใ่พผใฟใใฏใใใ ใใฉใใใคใฏใใใใฏใ้ใใใจใใใใใ ใใใฃใฆใใ้ขจใซไพๅคใชใใใ็ดนไปใใใใจใใซใไพฟๅฉใงใใใญใ |
| ไพใใฐใใใ้ๆใกใ ใใใจใใฃใฆใๅนธใใ ใจใฏ้ใใชใใ |
| Just because you are rich doesnโt mean youโre necessarily happy. |
| ใฉใใงใใใใใใใใชไพๆใใ้กใใงใใพใใ๏ผใใใ็งใใๆๅใฎใใผใใใใพใใฎใงใๆ็ซ ใๆๅพใพใงไฝใฃใฆใใ ใใใ |
| ๆฅๆฌไบบใ ใใใจใใฃใฆ |
| Natsuko: ๆผขๅญใๅพๆใ ใจใฏ้ใใชใใ |
| Naomi:ใใใฏใใๅพใพใใญใ |
| Natsuko:็งใงใใ |
| Naomi:ใขใกใชใซไบบใ ใใใจ่จใฃใฆใ |
| Natsuko:้็ใๅฅฝใใ ใจใฏ้ใใชใ๏ผ |
| Naomi:ใขใณใฝใใผใใใ้็ๅฅฝใใงใใใฃใ๏ผ |
| Anthony: ใใผใใใใในใคใซใ |
| Naomi:้ใใชใใฟใใใงใใญใ |
| Anthony:ใขใกใชใซไบบใ ใใใจใใฃใฆใใใณใใผใฌใผใฐใใ้ฃในใฆใใใจใฏ้ใใชใใ |
| Naomi:ใใใงใใญใใใๆ็ซ ใงใใญใ |
| Natsuko:ๆฅๆฌไบบใ ใใใจใใฃใฆใๅฏฟๅธใฐใฃใใ้ฃในใฆใใใใใใใชใใงใใใใญใ |
| Anthony:็ตๆงใใฎ่พบใฏใๅงใใฆใใไบบใฏใณใฃใใใใพใใใญใใใใชใซ้ฃในใฆใชใใใ ใ |
| Natsuko:ๅ จ็ถ้ฃในใฆใชใใ็งใชใใฆใใ ใฃใฆใ้ซใใใ ใใใ |
Outro |
| Naomi: ใใฎใฌใในใณใฏใใฎ่พบใงใ |
| Natsuko: ใใใงใฏใใพใใ |
| Anthony: See you next time. |
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