Vocabulary
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Learn about the limitation-marking particle
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Hi, everyone. |
Welcome to the Ultimate Japanese Particle Guide. |
In this lesson, you'll learn the particle... |
まで (made) |
This particle marks the time or place an action ends. It's also called the limitation particle. |
It means "until" or "to" in English. |
Let's see an example. |
明日まで待ちます。 (Ashita made machimasu.) |
"I will wait until tomorrow." |
Which expression marks the limitation? |
明日まで (Ashita made) |
"until tomorrow." |
Let's an example with a place as arriving point. |
駅まで歩きます。 (Eki made arukimasu.) |
"I walk to the station." The expression that marks the destination is... |
駅まで (Eki made) |
"to the station." |
Let's take a look at a few more examples. |
試験は8時までです。 (Shiken wa hachi-ji made desu.) |
Literally, this means “The exam is until eight,” so it can be translated as “The exam ends at eight.” |
ミーティングは五時までです。(Mītingu wa go-ji made desu.) |
Literally, it mean “The meeting is until five,” so it can be translated as "The meeting finishes at five." |
東京までバスで行きます。(Tōkyō made basu de ikimasu.) |
"I will go by bus to Tokyo." |
This particle can also indicate a limit, extent, or an unexpected object. |
It means "as far as," "up to," or "even" in English. |
Let's hear an example. |
子供まで携帯電話を持っている。(Kodomo made keitai denwa o motteiru.) |
"Even children have their own cell phones." In this sentence the expression that indicates an extent is "even children" |
子供まで (kodomo made) |
This gives a specific meaning to the sentence. It's clear that, for the speaker, children having their own cell phones is something unexpected. |
Let's take a look at a few more examples with the same particle used to describe the extent of something or an unexpected object... |
魚が好きです。骨まで食べます。(Sakana ga suki desu. Hone made tabemasu.) |
"I like fish. I even eat the bones." |
彼はお辞儀までしました。(Kare wa ojigi made shimashita.) |
"He even bowed to me." |
ディズニーランドでは子供から大人まで楽しめる。(Dizunīrando de wa kodomo kara otona made tanoshimeru.) |
"At Disneyland, not only children but even adults can have fun." |
Now, let's use what you learned in this lesson. |
We learned how to say "I will wait until tomorrow." |
明日まで待ちます。 (Ashita made machimasu.) |
Here the particle まで (made) marks the time the action ends, a limitation. It can also mark the place an action ends. The structure is... |
[limitation] まで (made) |
Now let's try saying "I'll go up to the peak of the mountain." using the same structure. |
Here is the word for "peak of the mountain." |
山頂 (sanchō) |
Try to say "I'll go up to the peak of the mountain." in Japanese. [pause] |
The answer is... |
山頂まで行きます。(Sanchō made ikimasu.) |
Did you get it right? In this sentence, the particle marks the place the action ends, the arriving point. |
Let's try one more. We also learned how to say "Even children have their own cell phones." |
子供まで携帯電話を持っている。(Kodomo made keitai denwa o motteiru.) |
Here the particle まで (made) indicates an unexpected object. |
The structure is... |
[unexpected object] まで(made) |
Now let's try saying "Even adults enjoy this game.” using the same structure. |
Here are the words for "adults" and “to enjoy this game." |
大人 (Otona) |
このゲームを楽しんでいます (kono gēmu o tanoshinde imasu) |
Try to say "Even adults enjoy this game" in Japanese. [pause] |
The answer is... |
大人までこのゲームを楽しんでいます。(Otona made kono gēmu o tanoshinde imasu.) |
Well done! In this case, the particle まで (made) indicates that, for the speaker, adults enjoying the game is something unexpected. |
In this lesson, you learned about the particle... |
まで |
We hope you enjoyed our Ultimate Japanese Particles Guide. Until next time. Bye! |
Bye~ |
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