| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| わたしは カフェ (Watashi wa kafe) |
| はたらいています｡ (hataraite imasu.) |
| わたしは カフェ |
| はたらいています｡ |
| で (de) |
| で |
| わたしは カフェ で はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa kafe de hataraite imasu.) |
| わたしは カフェ で はたらいています｡ |
| I work at a café. |
| This sentence describes an action that takes place at a location, so it uses で. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社 (Watashi wa Tōkyō no kaisha) |
| つとめています｡ (tsutomete imasu.) |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社 |
| つとめています｡ |
| に (ni) |
| に |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社 に つとめています｡ (Watashi wa Tōkyō no kaisha ni tsutomete imasu.) |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社 に つとめています｡ |
| I work at a company in Tokyo. |
| This sentence describes where the company exists, so it uses に. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| 大学のりょう (Daigaku no ryō) |
| すんでいます｡ (sunde imasu.) |
| 大学のりょう |
| すんでいます｡ |
| に (ni) |
| に |
| 大学のりょう に すんでいます｡ (Daigaku no ryō ni sunde imasu.) |
| 大学のりょう に すんでいます｡ |
| I live in the university dormitory. |
| This sentence describes where the speaker lives, and so it also uses に. |
| Unscramble the words to make a sentence. |
| わたし(Watashi) |
| わたしは (Watashi wa) |
| わたしは コンビニ(Watashi wa konbini) |
| わたしは コンビニで(Watashi wa konbini de) |
| わたしは コンビニで はたらいて(Watashi wa konbini de hataraite ) |
| わたしは コンビニで はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa konbini de hataraite imasu.) |
| I work at a convenience store. |
| わたしは コンビニで はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa konbini de hataraite imasu.) |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| おっとは とうし会社 (に or で) つとめています｡ |
| (Otto wa tōshigaisha (ni or de) tsutomete imasu.) |
| おっとは とうし会社 (に or で) つとめています｡ |
| に (ni ) |
| に |
| おっとは とうし会社 に つとめています｡ |
| My husband works at an investment company. |
| に is used here because the verb つとめる emphasizes the state of being employed or affiliated with a company. It doesn’t focus on the physical action of working, like はたらく does, so we always pair つとめて with に. |
| Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. Ready? |
| わたしは とうきょう (に or で) すんで います｡ |
| (Watashi wa Tōkyō (ni or de) sunde imasu.) |
| わたしは とうきょう (に or で) すんで います｡ |
| に (ni ) |
| に |
| わたしは とうきょう に すんで います｡ |
| I live in Tokyo. |
| に is used here because the sentence is about where someone lives, not an action taking place at a location. |
| Let's translate some sentences into Japanese. |
| Translate " My father works at a bank." into Japanese. |
| 父 (chichi) – father |
| Followed by |
| は (wa) – topic particle |
| Next |
| ぎんこう (ginkō) – bank |
| Followed by |
| で (de) – location particle |
| And then |
| はたらいて (hataraite) – work |
| After that |
| います (imasu) – be |
| 父は ぎんこうで はたらいています｡ ( Chichi wa ginkō de hataraite imasu.) |
| で is used here, as there is an action, work, taking place at a location, a bank. |
| 父は ぎんこうで はたらいています｡ |
| My father works at a bank. |
| Translate "I live in a small apartment." into Japanese. |
| せまい (semai) – small |
| Followed by |
| アパート (apāto) – apartment |
| Next |
| に (ni) – location particle |
| Followed by |
| すんで (sunde) – live |
| And then |
| います (imasu) – be |
| せまい アパートに すんでいます｡ (Semai apāto ni sunde imasu.) |
| Here, the speaker is describing where they live, which is an apartment. So, we use the に particle. |
| せまい アパートに すんでいます｡ |
| I live in a small apartment. |
| Translate "I work in Kyoto." into Japanese. |
| わたし (watashi) – I |
| Followed by |
| は (wa) – topic particle |
| Next |
| きょうと (Kyōto) – Kyoto |
| Followed by |
| で (de) – location particle |
| And then |
| はたらいて (hataraite) – work |
| After that |
| います (imasu) – be |
| This sentence describes the action of working in Kyoto. So, the sentence uses で (de). |
| わたしは きょうとで はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa Kyōto de hataraite imasu.) |
| わたしは きょうとで はたらいています｡ |
| I work in Kyoto. |
| Listen to what I say. Pay attention to the verbs and choose the corresponding particles. |
| わたしは カフェで はたらいています｡(Watashi wa kafe de hataraite imasu.) |
| Listen one more time. |
| わたしは カフェで はたらいています｡(Watashi wa kafe de hataraite imasu.) |
| Did you hear the sentence describe an action taking place somewhere? That means the sentence uses で. |
| How about...? |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社に つとめています｡ (Watashi wa Tōkyō no kaisha ni tsutomete imasu.) |
| Let’s listen one more time. |
| わたしは とうきょうの 会社に つとめています｡ (Watashi wa Tōkyō no kaisha ni tsutomete imasu.) |
| Did you hear the verb that describes the state of being employed? That means the sentence uses に. |
| Next... |
| 父は ぎんこうで はたらいています｡ (Chichi wa ginkō de hataraite imasu.) |
| One more time. |
| 父は ぎんこうで はたらいています｡ (Chichi wa ginkō de hataraite imasu.) |
| Did you hear the verb that describes the action of working? That means the sentence uses で. |
| Next... |
| せまい アパートに すんでいます｡ (Semai apāto ni sunde imasu.) |
| One more time. |
| せまい アパートに すんでいます｡ (Semai apāto ni sunde imasu.) |
| Did you hear the sentence describe where someone lives? That means the sentence uses に. |
| And... |
| わたしは きょうとで はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa Kyōto de hataraite imasu.) |
| One more time. |
| わたしは きょうとで はたらいています｡ (Watashi wa Kyōto de hataraite imasu.) |
| Did you hear the verb that describes the action of working? That means the sentence uses で. |
| Thank you for watching. |
| Now you know how to talk about ongoing actions. |
| ...and now you can move on to the next lesson in the pathway on JapanesePod101.com. |
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