Dialogue

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INTRODUCTION
Yuichi: ็ฅไธ€ใงใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใชใŠใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: Jessi here. A Japanese discussion gone to the dogs.
Naomi: ไปŠๅ›žใฎใ‚นใƒˆใƒผใƒชใƒผใซใคใ„ใฆใ€็ฅไธ€ใ•ใ‚“ใ€ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Yuichi: ไปŠๅ›žใฏใ€ๅ…ฌๅœ’ใง็Šฌใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹๏ผ’ไบบใฎ่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: In this story, two people are walking their dogs in the park.
Yuichi: ็”ทใฎไบบใจๅฅณใฎไบบใฎไผš่ฉฑใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Yuichi: ใฏใ„ใ€‚ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒใจๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ๏ผˆใฏใ‚„ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Œใช๏ผ‰ใฎไผš่ฉฑใงใ™ใ€‚๏ผ’ไบบใฏใ€ๅˆใ‚ใฆไผšใฃใŸใฎใงใ€ไธๅฏงใชๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: In this story, they're meeting each other for the first time, so they will be speaking formal Japanese.
Naomi: ๆ–‡ๆณ•ใฎใƒใ‚คใƒณใƒˆใฏไฝ•ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
Yuichi: ไฝฟๅฝนใงใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใ‚ธใ‚งใ‚ทใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใ€ไฝฟๅฝนใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใงใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
Jessi: The Causative, which translates to make or let in English. Can you give us an example?
Yuichi: ่ฆชใŒๅญใฉใ‚‚ใซๅ‹‰ๅผทใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Jessi: "The parents make their child study."
Yuichi: ใใ‚Œใงใฏ่žใ„ใฆใฟใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
DIALOGUE
(ๅคงใใ„้ƒฝๅ†…ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’๏ผ‰
๏ผˆ็Šฌใฎๅ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฃฐ๏ผ‰
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ“ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒ๏ผๅ ใˆใกใ‚ƒใ ใ‚ใ€‚ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
: ๏ผˆใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใ€ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒ็ถบ้บ—ใชไบบใ ใชใ€‚๏ผ‰
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใƒˆใ‚คใƒ—ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใกใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฑฅใ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
: ๆฏใŒใ€Œใƒใƒฏใƒฏใฏๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
: ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๆฏใฏใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€ๆญŒใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใธใƒผใ€‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅƒ•ใฏไปŠใ€ใƒใƒใซ่Šธใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ€็šฟใ‚’ๅ›žใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใˆใˆใƒผใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใงใ€ๆ˜ผใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆ˜ฏ้žใ€‚
ไปŠๅบฆใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžใŒๅ…ฅใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚
(ๅคงใใ„้ƒฝๅ†…ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’๏ผ‰
At a giant park in Tokyo
๏ผˆ็Šฌใฎๅ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฃฐ๏ผ‰
Takahiro's dog barks at Rena's dog. (barking sound)
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ“ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒ๏ผๅ ใˆใกใ‚ƒใ ใ‚ใ€‚ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
English: No, Pochi! No barking! I'm sorry.
: ๏ผˆใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใ€ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒ็ถบ้บ—ใชไบบใ ใชใ€‚๏ผ‰
English: (Oh wow, this person is really pretty.)
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใƒˆใ‚คใƒ—ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
English: Oh, don't worry, it's fine! Your dog is wearing such cute clothes! Is it a toy poodle?
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใกใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฑฅใ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
English: That's right! Your dog is also cute wearing a skirt. What's her name?
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
English: Her name's Maria.
: ๆฏใŒใ€Œใƒใƒฏใƒฏใฏๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
My Mom says that Chihuahuas are sensitive to the cold, so she always makes her wear clothes.
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
English: It's also good for preventing shedding, apparently.
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
English: Oh really?
: ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๆฏใฏใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€ๆญŒใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
English: My Mom is something else; she makes Maria listen to classical music and makes her sing along to it.
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใธใƒผใ€‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅƒ•ใฏไปŠใ€ใƒใƒใซ่Šธใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
English: Wow, that's quite something! Right now, I'm making Pochi learn some tricks.
: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ€็šฟใ‚’ๅ›žใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
English: I want to make him learn how to ride a unicycle and spin plates.
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใˆใˆใƒผใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
English: Wow, you're making him learn how to do that?!
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใงใ€ๆ˜ผใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
English: Hey, I'm thinking of going to that dog cafรฉ over there and getting Pochi a bite to eat. Would you like to come along?
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆ˜ฏ้žใ€‚
English: Sounds great!
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Yuichi: ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใƒผใ‚ฐใฟใŸใ„ใซใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฎๆ•ฃๆญฉใง็Ÿฅใ‚Šๅˆใ†ไบบใŒใ„ใ‚‹ใฟใŸใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใ‚ใฃใ€็ขบใ‹ใซใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ‚‹ไบบใฃใฆใ€่‰ฏใ„ไบบใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
Yuichi: ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚ๅ‹•็‰ฉใŒๅฅฝใใชไบบใฏใ€่‰ฏใ„ไบบใฟใŸใ„ใชใ“ใจใฏใ€ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
Jessi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Yuichi: ๅƒ•ใฏใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใฏใ€ไปŠ้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€๏ผ’ไบบใฏใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆ้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Jessi: ใฏใ„ใ€็งใ€ๆ˜”้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎใƒฉใƒ–ใƒฉใƒ‰ใƒผใƒซใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Naomi: ใธใƒผใ€ใ‚ธใƒฃใƒใฃใฆใ„ใ†ใฎใŒๅๅ‰๏ผŸ
Jessi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Jessi: ใชใŠใฟใ•ใ‚“ใฏ๏ผŸ
Naomi: ็งใฏใ€ใƒใƒณใ‚ฟใจใ„ใ†ๅๅ‰ใฎใƒ“ใƒผใ‚ฐใƒซ็Šฌใ‚’้ฃผใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ใ€€ใƒใƒณใ‚ฟใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
Naomi: ใฏใ„ใ€ใƒใƒณใ‚ฟใ€‚ใ‚ใฎใญใ€ใ™ใ”ใ„ใƒใ‚ซใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉ๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰ใ€€ใŠใ˜ใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ€ใŠใ˜ใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: I used to have a dog, a labrador retriever named Java, and Naomi-sensei has a dog that's apparently very old.
Naomi: ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚ใŠใ˜ใ„ใกใ‚ƒใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ€ไบŒไบบใฏใ€ใƒšใƒƒใƒˆใซๆœใ‚’็€ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใคใ„ใฆใฉใ†ๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
Jessi: ใ†ใƒผใ‚“ใ€‚ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆญฃ็›ด็ŠฌใŒใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใใ†ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใ‹ใชใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚๏ฝžๅฏ’ใ•ๅฏพ็ญ–ใฎใŸใ‚ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ๅคšๅˆ†็ดๅพ—ใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ‘ใฉใ€‚
Naomi: ใ†ใกใฏใ€้›จใŒ้™ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใซใ€็Šฌใซใƒฌใ‚คใƒณใ‚ณใƒผใƒˆใ‚’็€ใ›ใพใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
Naomi: ใ™ใ”ใ„ๅ–œใ‚“ใงใ€้›จใฎๆ™‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ๅค–ใซๅ–œใ‚“ใง่กŒใใพใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: ใ‚ใƒผใ€ใชใ‚‹ใปใฉใ€‚
VOCAB LIST
Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson.
The first word is:
Yuichi: ๅ ใˆใ‚‹ [natural native speed]
Jessi: to bark
Yuichi: ๅ ใˆใ‚‹ [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Yuichi: ๅ ใˆใ‚‹ [natural native speed]
Jessi: The next word is:
Yuichi: ๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Š [natural native speed]
Jessi: a person sensitive to cold
Yuichi: ๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Š [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Yuichi: ๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Š [natural native speed]
Jessi: The next word is:
Naomi: ่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ [natural native speed]
Jessi: to wear
Naomi: ่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Naomi: ่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ [natural native speed]
Jessi: The next word is:
Naomi: ้˜ฒๆญข [natural native speed]
Jessi: prevention
Naomi: ้˜ฒๆญข [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Naomi: ้˜ฒๆญข [natural native speed]
Jessi: The last word is:
Naomi: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠ [natural native speed]
Jessi: a unicycle
Naomi: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠ [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Naomi: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠ [natural native speed]
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE
Jessi: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.
Yuichi: ๆœ€ๅˆใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏใ€ใ€Œ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€
Jessi: to wear ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ€Œ็€ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚‚ to wearใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚
ใ€Œ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใจใ€Œ็€ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏๅŒใ˜ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€€
Naomi: ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใ‚ฐใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€ๅŒใ˜ใจ่€ƒใˆใฆใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚่พžๆ›ธใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจใ€ใ€Œ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใฏใ€ๆœใ‚’็€ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€Œ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ€ใซใฏใ€ไป–ใซใ‚‚ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ€ๆฐ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Jessi: So according to the dictionary, the definition of ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ is to wear something,so just cloth.So in this dialog, ็€ใ‚‹ and ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ mean the same thing. However, you need to be careful because ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ also has another meaning.
Yuichi: ไพ‹ใˆใฐใ€ๅค–ๅ›ฝ่ชžใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใจใ‹่จ€ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚
Jessi: That's right. To acquire or to learn is another meaning of ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹.
Naomi: ใ€€ๆŠ€่ก“ใ‚„็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใซๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: ่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‹ is used when talking about obtaining some kind of knowledge or skill.
ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ๏ผ’ๅนดใงใ€ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’่บซใซไป˜ใ‘ใŸใ„ใ€‚
Jessi: I want to acquire Japanese proficiency in two years.
The next word is
Naomi: ใ€Œ้˜ฒๆญขใ€
Jessi: prevention
Naomi: ไปŠๅ›žใฎใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ขใƒญใƒผใ‚ฐใงใฏใ€ใฉใ†่จ€ใ†้ขจใซใ€ไฝฟใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸ๏ผŸ
Yuichi: ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใฎ้˜ฒๆญข
Jessi: which is hair loss prevention. The dialog was talking about dogs, though, so the word shedding was used.
Naomi: ใใ†ใใ†ใใ†ใ€‚ๆฐ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใฆใญใ€็ฅไธ€ใ•ใ‚“ใ€‚ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใ€‚
Yuichi: ใฏใ„ใ€‚ใ€Œ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใ€
Jessi: ใกใ‚‡ใฃใจใ€ๆ—ฉใใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
Yuichi: ใพใ€ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใซใญใ€ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šๆฐ—ใ‚’ไป˜ใ‘ใพใ™ใ€‚
Naomi: ใ€Œ๏ฝžใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๅฝขใงใ‚ˆใใคใ‹ใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ ไป–ใฎไพ‹ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ใ€Œ็Šฏ็ฝชใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใ€
Jessi: Crime Prevention
Naomi: ๅ‹•่ฉžใ ใจใ€ใ€Œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ€้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹๏ผˆto prevent)ใจใชใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚
Jessi: Right. If you attach suru to the word ้˜ฒๆญข, it becomes a verb. ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’ใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ็›ฎ่ฆšใพใ—ๆ™‚่จˆใงใ€ๆœๅฏๅŠใ‚’้˜ฒๆญขใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Jessi: I prevent myself from oversleeping in the morning by using an alarm clock.
Naomi: ไธ€ๅ€‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€้˜ฒๆญขใงใใชใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰3ๅ€‹ใใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ€ๆœ€ๅพŒใฎๅ˜่ชžใฏไฝ•ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚ The last word is
Yuichi: ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒ
Jessi: extremely, insanely
Yuichi: ใ€Œใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Naomi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ใ€Œใจใฃใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใฃใฆๆ„Ÿใ˜ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Yuichi: ใใ†ใ€‚ใงใ‚‚ใ€ใ“ใ‚Œ็ตๆง‹ใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชๅ ด้ขใง่‰ฏใไฝฟใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใชใฎใงใ€ใ‚ซใ‚ธใƒฅใ‚ขใƒซใชๅ ด้ขใงใ€ใ€Œใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ใจ่จ€ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใงไฝฟใฃใฆ่ฆ‹ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Jessi: Right. So Mechakucha is a really casual word, when you use adverb like this.So it is very good to use only with your close friends. So letโ€™s look at an example. Letโ€™s say that Yuichi and Naomi are very close friends and are talking about Naomi's bag.
Yuichi: ใใฎใ‹ใฐใ‚“ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใฃใ™ใญ๏ผ
Naomi: ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ‰ใƒผใ€‚ใกใ‚ƒใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒ้ซ˜ใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚“ใ ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Jessi: Yuichi said Naomi's bag was extremely cute and Naomi said it was extremely expensive
Naomi: ไปฒใฎ่‰ฏใ„ๅ‹้”ใจไฝฟใ†ใจใ€ใƒ•ใƒฌใƒณใƒ‰ใƒชใƒผใงใ€ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใจใŠใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
Yuichi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚

Lesson focus

Jessi: In this lesson, we'll learn how to form and use the causative in Japanese. The meaning of the causative form can be divided into two categories according to context. This lesson focuses on the coercive causative, which means "to make someone do something." The second usage is going to be covered in the next lesson.
First, let's take a closer look at how to make the causative form. For example, How do you say " to return home."
Naomi: ๅธฐใ‚‹
Jessi: Then you drop the final "u", and attach "-aseru".
Naomi: ๅธฐใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹
Jessi: As for class 2 verbs, you drop the final "ru", and attach "-saseru". So, ้ฃŸในใ‚‹ to eat becomes,
Naomi: ้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใ‚‹
Jessi: And the case of two class 3 verbs, suru becomes saseru. Kuru becomes kosaseru.
Now, let's check the sentence structure. What particles do we use when using the causative form? It's important to think about who is forcing the action and who is performing the action.Coul๏ฝ„ you give us an example from the dialog?
Yuichi: ๅƒ•ใฏไปŠใ€ใƒใƒใซ่Šธใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
Jessi: "Right now I'm making Pochi learn some tricks."
Jessi: The one causing the action is usually marked by a topic marking particle wa.And The one performing the action is marked by ni. Let's break down the sentence.
Yuichi: ๅƒ•
Jessi: I
Yuichi: ใฏ
Jessi: ใฏ marks the one causing the action.
Yuichi: ไปŠ
Jessi: now
Yuichi: ใƒใƒใซ
Jessi: ni marks the one performing the action
Yuichi: ่Šธใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Jessi: making one learn some tricks
And here's what you have to be careful. The one performing the action is marked by ni, but it sometimes can be marked by o, too. In this lesson, we don't want to make things too complicated, so we stick to the particle ni to mark the one performing the action for close of sentences we can always use the particle. For further information, be sure to check the PDF.
Yuichi: ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€ไพ‹ๆ–‡ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ€‚
Naomi: ็งใฏใ€ใ„ใคใ‚‚็ฅไธ€ใ•ใ‚“ใซ้‡ใ„่ท็‰ฉใ‚’้‹ใฐใ›ใ‚‹ใ€‚
Jessi: I always make Yuichi carry heavy luggage.
Yuichi: ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใญใ€‚ใพใ€ใงใ‚‚็”ทใชใฎใงใ€ใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใŒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใญใ€‚
Jessi: Right. Because you are a guy, Yuichi. So it can't be helped.
Naomi: ใพใ€ใ‚ใพใ‚ŠๆŒใฃใฆใใ‚Œใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‘ใฉใญใ€‚๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
Yuichi: ใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚็›ด็พŽใ•ใ‚“ใ€่ณชๅ•ใงใ™ใ€‚ใชใŠใฟใ•ใ‚“ใฏใ€่ชฐใ‹ใซไฝ•ใ‹ใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใ“ใจใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
Jessi: So Yuichi asks, โ€˜Naomi, Is there anything that you want to make someone do?โ€™
Naomi: ็งใฏใ€ๅฝผใซใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ใ‚„ใ‚ใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Jessi: Naomi wants to make her boyfriend quit smoking.
Naomi: ๅฅๅบทใซๆ‚ชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Jessi: ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
Yuichi: ใฏใ„ใ€ไปŠๆ—ฅใฏcausativeใซใคใ„ใฆๅ‹‰ๅผทใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ๆฌกใ‚‚ๅˆฅใฎๆ–ฐใ—ใ„causativeใซใคใ„ใฆ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ—ใพใ™ใฎใงใ€ใ—ใฃใ‹ใ‚Šๅพฉ็ฟ’ใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚
Naomi: ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ใ€ใพใŸใ€‚
Jessi: See you next time.
DIALOGUE
(ๅคงใใ„้ƒฝๅ†…ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’๏ผ‰
๏ผˆ็Šฌใฎๅ ใˆใ‚‹ๅฃฐ๏ผ‰
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ“ใ‚‰ใ€ใƒใƒ๏ผๅ ใˆใกใ‚ƒใ ใ‚ใ€‚ใ™ใฟใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚
: ๏ผˆใ‚ใ€ใ“ใฎไบบใ€ใ‚ใกใ‚ƒใใกใ‚ƒ็ถบ้บ—ใชไบบใ ใชใ€‚๏ผ‰
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ใ‹ใ‚ใ„ใ„ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’็€ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใญใ€‚ใƒˆใ‚คใƒ—ใƒผใƒ‰ใƒซใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใใ†ใงใ™ใ€‚ใใกใ‚‰ใ“ใใ€ใ‚นใ‚ซใƒผใƒˆใ‚’ๅฑฅใ‹ใ›ใฆใ€ๅฏๆ„›ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅๅ‰ใฏไฝ•ใจ่จ€ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใงใ™ใ€‚
: ๆฏใŒใ€Œใƒใƒฏใƒฏใฏๅฏ’ใŒใ‚Šใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใฃใฆ่จ€ใฃใฆใ€ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’่บซใซใคใ‘ใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใ‚ใ‚ใ€ๆŠœใ‘ๆฏ›ใฎ้˜ฒๆญขใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚‹ใใ†ใงใ™ใญใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใใ†ใชใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚
: ใ™ใ”ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚ๆฏใฏใ€ใƒžใƒชใ‚ขใซใ‚ฏใƒฉใ‚ทใƒƒใ‚ฏใ‚’่žใ‹ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ€้Ÿณๆฅฝใซใ‚ใ‚ใ›ใฆใ€ๆญŒใ‚ใ›ใŸใ‚Šใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ใธใƒผใ€‚ใ™ใ”ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๅƒ•ใฏไปŠใ€ใƒใƒใซ่Šธใ‚’่ฆšใˆใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‚ˆใ€‚
: ไธ€่ผช่ปŠใซไน—ใ‚‰ใ›ใฆใ€็šฟใ‚’ๅ›žใ•ใ›ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€‚
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใˆใˆใƒผใใ‚“ใชใ“ใจใ•ใ›ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ
ไฝ่—ค้ซ˜ๅบƒ:ไปŠใ‹ใ‚‰ใ€ใใ“ใฎใƒ‰ใƒƒใ‚ฐใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใงใ€ๆ˜ผใ”้ฃฏใ‚’้ฃŸในใ•ใ›ใ‚ˆใ†ใจๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™ใŒใ€่‰ฏใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰ใ€ไธ€็ท’ใซ่กŒใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹๏ผŸ
ๆ—ฉๅท็Žฒๅฅˆ:ใ‚ใ€ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญใ€‚ๆ˜ฏ้žใ€‚

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