| INTRODUCTION |
| Yuichi: ็ฅไธใงใใ |
| Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ |
| Jessi: Jessi here. A Japanese discussion gone to the dogs. |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎในใใผใชใผใซใคใใฆใ็ฅไธใใใๆใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฏใๅ
ฌๅใง็ฌใฎๆฃๆญฉใใใฆใใ๏ผไบบใฎ่ฉฑใงใใ |
| Jessi: In this story, two people are walking their dogs in the park. |
| Yuichi: ็ทใฎไบบใจๅฅณใฎไบบใฎไผ่ฉฑใชใใงใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใไฝ่ค้ซๅบใจๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ๏ผใฏใใใใใช๏ผใฎไผ่ฉฑใงใใ๏ผไบบใฏใๅใใฆไผใฃใใฎใงใไธๅฏงใชๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่ฉฑใใฆใใพใใ |
| Jessi: In this story, they're meeting each other for the first time, so they will be speaking formal Japanese. |
| Naomi: ๆๆณใฎใใคใณใใฏไฝใงใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ไฝฟๅฝนใงใใ |
| Naomi: ใธใงใทใผใใใไฝฟๅฝนใฏ่ฑ่ชใงใชใใงใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: The Causative, which translates to make or let in English. Can you give us an example? |
| Yuichi: ่ฆชใๅญใฉใใซๅๅผทใใใใ |
| Jessi: "The parents make their child study." |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใฏ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใใ |
| DIALOGUE |
| (ๅคงใใ้ฝๅ
ใฎๅ
ฌๅ๏ผ |
| ๏ผ็ฌใฎๅ ใใๅฃฐ๏ผ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใใใ๏ผๅ ใใกใใ ใใใใฟใพใใใ |
| : ๏ผใใใใฎไบบใใใกใใใกใ็ถบ้บใชไบบใ ใชใ๏ผ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใใใใใๆดๆใ็ใฆใใพใใญใใใคใใผใใซใงใใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใงใใใใกใใใใในใซใผใใๅฑฅใใใฆใๅฏๆใใงใใญใๅๅใฏไฝใจ่จใใใงใใใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใชใขใงใใ |
| : ๆฏใใใใฏใฏใฏๅฏใใใ ใใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใๆดๆใ่บซใซใคใใใใฆใใใใงใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใๆใๆฏใฎ้ฒๆญขใซใใชใใใใงใใญใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใชใใงใใใ |
| : ใใใใใงใใใๆฏใฏใใใชใขใซใฏใฉใทใใฏใ่ใใใใใ้ณๆฅฝใซใใใใฆใๆญใใใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใธใผใใใใใงใใญใๅใฏไปใใใใซ่ธใ่ฆใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| : ไธ่ผช่ปใซไนใใใฆใ็ฟใๅใใใใใใงใใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใผใใใชใใจใใใฆใใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ไปใใใใใใฎใใใฐใซใใงใงใๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ่ฏใใฃใใใไธ็ทใซ่กใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใงใใญใๆฏ้ใ |
| ไปๅบฆใฏ่ฑ่ชใๅ
ฅใใพใใ |
| (ๅคงใใ้ฝๅ
ใฎๅ
ฌๅ๏ผ |
| At a giant park in Tokyo |
| ๏ผ็ฌใฎๅ ใใๅฃฐ๏ผ |
| Takahiro's dog barks at Rena's dog. (barking sound) |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใใใ๏ผๅ ใใกใใ ใใใใฟใพใใใ |
| English: No, Pochi! No barking! I'm sorry. |
| : ๏ผใใใใฎไบบใใใกใใใกใ็ถบ้บใชไบบใ ใชใ๏ผ |
| English: (Oh wow, this person is really pretty.) |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใใใใใๆดๆใ็ใฆใใพใใญใใใคใใผใใซใงใใใ |
| English: Oh, don't worry, it's fine! Your dog is wearing such cute clothes! Is it a toy poodle? |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใงใใใใกใใใใในใซใผใใๅฑฅใใใฆใๅฏๆใใงใใญใๅๅใฏไฝใจ่จใใใงใใใ |
| English: That's right! Your dog is also cute wearing a skirt. What's her name? |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใชใขใงใใ |
| English: Her name's Maria. |
| : ๆฏใใใใฏใฏใฏๅฏใใใ ใใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใๆดๆใ่บซใซใคใใใใฆใใใใงใใ |
| My Mom says that Chihuahuas are sensitive to the cold, so she always makes her wear clothes. |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใๆใๆฏใฎ้ฒๆญขใซใใชใใใใงใใญใ |
| English: It's also good for preventing shedding, apparently. |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใชใใงใใใ |
| English: Oh really? |
| : ใใใใใงใใใๆฏใฏใใใชใขใซใฏใฉใทใใฏใ่ใใใใใ้ณๆฅฝใซใใใใฆใๆญใใใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| English: My Mom is something else; she makes Maria listen to classical music and makes her sing along to it. |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใธใผใใใใใงใใญใๅใฏไปใใใใซ่ธใ่ฆใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| English: Wow, that's quite something! Right now, I'm making Pochi learn some tricks. |
| : ไธ่ผช่ปใซไนใใใฆใ็ฟใๅใใใใใใงใใ |
| English: I want to make him learn how to ride a unicycle and spin plates. |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใผใใใชใใจใใใฆใใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| English: Wow, you're making him learn how to do that?! |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ไปใใใใใใฎใใใฐใซใใงใงใๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ่ฏใใฃใใใไธ็ทใซ่กใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| English: Hey, I'm thinking of going to that dog cafรฉ over there and getting Pochi a bite to eat. Would you like to come along? |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใงใใญใๆฏ้ใ |
| English: Sounds great! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Yuichi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใผใฐใฟใใใซใใใใใฎๆฃๆญฉใง็ฅใๅใไบบใใใใฟใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใฃใ็ขบใใซใใงใใใใใใ้ฃผใฃใฆใไบบใฃใฆใ่ฏใไบบใซๆใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใชใใปใฉใๅ็ฉใๅฅฝใใชไบบใฏใ่ฏใไบบใฟใใใชใใจใฏใใใใพใใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ๅใฏใใใใใฏใไป้ฃผใฃใฆใใชใใใงใใใฉใ๏ผไบบใฏใใใใ้ฃผใฃใฆใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: ใฏใใ็งใๆ้ฃผใฃใฆใใพใใใใธใฃใใจใใๅๅใฎใฉใใฉใใผใซใ้ฃผใฃใฆใใพใใใ |
| Naomi: ใธใผใใธใฃใใฃใฆใใใฎใๅๅ๏ผ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใชใใฟใใใฏ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ็งใฏใใใณใฟใจใใๅๅใฎใใผใฐใซ็ฌใ้ฃผใฃใฆใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใณใฟใงใใ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใฏใใใใณใฟใใใฎใญใใใใใใซใชใใงใใใฉ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใใใใกใใใงใใใใใใใใใใกใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: I used to have a dog, a labrador retriever named Java, and Naomi-sensei has a dog that's apparently very old. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใใใกใใใงใใ |
| Yuichi: ใจใใใงใไบไบบใฏใใใใใซๆใ็ใใใใจใซใคใใฆใฉใๆใใพใใใ |
| Jessi: ใใผใใใใใงใใญใๆญฃ็ด็ฌใใกใใฃใจใใใใใใใใชใใใชใจๆใใพใใใฉใ๏ฝๅฏใๅฏพ็ญใฎใใใ ใฃใใใๅคๅ็ดๅพใงใใใจๆใใพใใใฉใ |
| Naomi: ใใกใฏใ้จใ้ใฃใฆใใๆใซใ็ฌใซใฌใคใณใณใผใใ็ใใพใใ |
| Jessi: ใงใใๅฏๆใใงใใญใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใใใๅใใงใ้จใฎๆใงใใๅคใซๅใใง่กใใพใใ |
| Jessi: ใใผใใชใใปใฉใ |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Jessi: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Yuichi: ๅ ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to bark |
| Yuichi: ๅ ใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ๅ ใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is: |
| Yuichi: ๅฏใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: a person sensitive to cold |
| Yuichi: ๅฏใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Yuichi: ๅฏใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is: |
| Naomi: ่บซใซใคใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: to wear |
| Naomi: ่บซใซใคใใ [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ่บซใซใคใใ [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The next word is: |
| Naomi: ้ฒๆญข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: prevention |
| Naomi: ้ฒๆญข [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ้ฒๆญข [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: The last word is: |
| Naomi: ไธ่ผช่ป [natural native speed] |
| Jessi: a unicycle |
| Naomi: ไธ่ผช่ป [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: ไธ่ผช่ป [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Jessi: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Yuichi: ๆๅใฎๅ่ชใฏใใ่บซใซไปใใใ |
| Jessi: to wear ใงใใใ็ใใใ to wearใงใใใญใ |
| ใ่บซใซไปใใใใจใ็ใใใฏๅใใงใใใใ |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใฐใฎๅ ดๅใฏใๅใใจ่ใใฆใใใงใใญใ่พๆธใซใใใจใใ่บซใซไปใใใใฏใๆใ็ใใจใใๆๅณใใใใพใใใ่บซใซไปใใใใซใฏใไปใซใๆๅณใใใใฎใงใๆฐใไปใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: So according to the dictionary, the definition of ่บซใซไปใใ is to wear something,so just cloth.So in this dialog, ็ใ and ่บซใซไปใใ mean the same thing. However, you need to be careful because ่บซใซไปใใ also has another meaning. |
| Yuichi: ไพใใฐใๅคๅฝ่ชใ่บซใซใคใใใจใ่จใใพใใญใ |
| Jessi: That's right. To acquire or to learn is another meaning of ่บซใซไปใใ. |
| Naomi: ใๆ่กใ็ฅ่ญใๆใซๅ
ฅใใใใจใงใใ |
| Jessi: ่บซใซไปใใ is used when talking about obtaining some kind of knowledge or skill. |
| ไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ๏ผๅนดใงใๆฅๆฌ่ชใ่บซใซไปใใใใ |
| Jessi: I want to acquire Japanese proficiency in two years. |
| The next word is |
| Naomi: ใ้ฒๆญขใ |
| Jessi: prevention |
| Naomi: ไปๅใฎใใคใขใญใผใฐใงใฏใใฉใ่จใ้ขจใซใไฝฟใใใฆใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ๆใๆฏใฎ้ฒๆญข |
| Jessi: which is hair loss prevention. The dialog was talking about dogs, though, so the word shedding was used. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใๆฐใไปใใฆใญใ็ฅไธใใใๆใๆฏใ |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใใ็ฏ็ฝชใฎ้ฒๆญขใ |
| Jessi: ใกใใฃใจใๆฉใใชใใงใใใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใพใๆใๆฏใฎ้ฒๆญขใซใญใใใฃใใๆฐใไปใใพใใ |
| Naomi: ใ๏ฝใฎ้ฒๆญขใใจใใๅฝขใงใใใคใใใพใใญใ ไปใฎไพใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใ็ฏ็ฝชใฎ้ฒๆญขใ |
| Jessi: Crime Prevention |
| Naomi: ๅ่ฉใ ใจใใใใใใใคใใฆใ้ฒๆญขใใ๏ผto prevent)ใจใชใใพใใญใ |
| Jessi: Right. If you attach suru to the word ้ฒๆญข, it becomes a verb. ไพๆใใ้กใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ็ฎ่ฆใพใๆ่จใงใๆๅฏๅใ้ฒๆญขใใใ |
| Jessi: I prevent myself from oversleeping in the morning by using an alarm clock. |
| Naomi: ไธๅใใใ้ฒๆญขใงใใชใใงใใญใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผ3ๅใใใใใใพใใญใใใใๆๅพใฎๅ่ชใฏไฝใงใใใใ The last word is |
| Yuichi: ใใกใใใกใ |
| Jessi: extremely, insanely |
| Yuichi: ใใจใฃใฆใใใจใใๆๅณใงใใญใ |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใจใฃใฃใฆใใใฃใฆๆใใงใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใใงใใใใ็ตๆงใใซใธใฅใขใซใชๅ ด้ขใง่ฏใไฝฟใใใงใใใญใใชใฎใงใใซใธใฅใขใซใชๅ ด้ขใงใใใจใฃใฆใใใจ่จใๆๅณใงไฝฟใฃใฆ่ฆใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Jessi: Right. So Mechakucha is a really casual word, when you use adverb like this.So it is very good to use only with your close friends. So letโs look at an example. Letโs say that Yuichi and Naomi are very close friends and are talking about Naomi's bag. |
| Yuichi: ใใฎใใฐใใใกใใใกใๅฏๆใใฃใใญ๏ผ |
| Naomi: ใงใใใใผใใกใใกใใใกใ้ซใใฃใใใ ใใ |
| Jessi: Yuichi said Naomi's bag was extremely cute and Naomi said it was extremely expensive |
| Naomi: ไปฒใฎ่ฏใๅ้ใจไฝฟใใจใใใฌใณใใชใผใงใใจใฃใฆใ่ฏใใจใใใใพใใ |
| Yuichi: ใใใงใใญใ |
Lesson focus
|
| Jessi: In this lesson, we'll learn how to form and use the causative in Japanese. The meaning of the causative form can be divided into two categories according to context. This lesson focuses on the coercive causative, which means "to make someone do something." The second usage is going to be covered in the next lesson. |
| First, let's take a closer look at how to make the causative form. For example, How do you say " to return home." |
| Naomi: ๅธฐใ |
| Jessi: Then you drop the final "u", and attach "-aseru". |
| Naomi: ๅธฐใใใ |
| Jessi: As for class 2 verbs, you drop the final "ru", and attach "-saseru". So, ้ฃในใ to eat becomes, |
| Naomi: ้ฃในใใใ |
| Jessi: And the case of two class 3 verbs, suru becomes saseru. Kuru becomes kosaseru. |
| Now, let's check the sentence structure. What particles do we use when using the causative form? It's important to think about who is forcing the action and who is performing the action.Coul๏ฝ you give us an example from the dialog? |
| Yuichi: ๅใฏไปใใใใซ่ธใ่ฆใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| Jessi: "Right now I'm making Pochi learn some tricks." |
| Jessi: The one causing the action is usually marked by a topic marking particle wa.And The one performing the action is marked by ni. Let's break down the sentence. |
| Yuichi: ๅ |
| Jessi: I |
| Yuichi: ใฏ |
| Jessi: ใฏ marks the one causing the action. |
| Yuichi: ไป |
| Jessi: now |
| Yuichi: ใใใซ |
| Jessi: ni marks the one performing the action |
| Yuichi: ่ธใ่ฆใใใใฆใใใ |
| Jessi: making one learn some tricks |
| And here's what you have to be careful. The one performing the action is marked by ni, but it sometimes can be marked by o, too. In this lesson, we don't want to make things too complicated, so we stick to the particle ni to mark the one performing the action for close of sentences we can always use the particle. For further information, be sure to check the PDF. |
| Yuichi: ใใใใไพๆใ่ฆใฆใใใพใใใใ |
| Naomi: ็งใฏใใใคใ็ฅไธใใใซ้ใ่ท็ฉใ้ใฐใใใ |
| Jessi: I always make Yuichi carry heavy luggage. |
| Yuichi: ใใใชใใงใใใญใใพใใงใ็ทใชใฎใงใใใใใใชใใงใใใญใ |
| Jessi: Right. Because you are a guy, Yuichi. So it can't be helped. |
| Naomi: ใพใใใพใๆใฃใฆใใใชใใงใใใฉใญใ๏ผ็ฌ๏ผ |
| Yuichi: ใใใชใใจใชใใงใใใ็ด็พใใใ่ณชๅใงใใใชใใฟใใใฏใ่ชฐใใซไฝใใใใใใใจใใใพใใ๏ผ |
| Jessi: So Yuichi asks, โNaomi, Is there anything that you want to make someone do?โ |
| Naomi: ็งใฏใๅฝผใซใใฐใใใใใใใใใงใใ |
| Jessi: Naomi wants to make her boyfriend quit smoking. |
| Naomi: ๅฅๅบทใซๆชใใใใงใใญใ |
| Jessi: ใใใงใใญใ |
| Yuichi: ใฏใใไปๆฅใฏcausativeใซใคใใฆๅๅผทใใพใใใๆฌกใๅฅใฎๆฐใใcausativeใซใคใใฆ่ชฌๆใใพใใฎใงใใใฃใใๅพฉ็ฟใใฆใใ ใใใ |
| Naomi: ใใใใใพใใ |
| Jessi: See you next time. |
| DIALOGUE |
| (ๅคงใใ้ฝๅ
ใฎๅ
ฌๅ๏ผ |
| ๏ผ็ฌใฎๅ ใใๅฃฐ๏ผ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใใใ๏ผๅ ใใกใใ ใใใใฟใพใใใ |
| : ๏ผใใใใฎไบบใใใกใใใกใ็ถบ้บใชไบบใ ใชใ๏ผ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใๅคงไธๅคซใงใใใใใใใๆดๆใ็ใฆใใพใใญใใใคใใผใใซใงใใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใงใใใใกใใใใในใซใผใใๅฑฅใใใฆใๅฏๆใใงใใญใๅๅใฏไฝใจ่จใใใงใใใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใชใขใงใใ |
| : ๆฏใใใใฏใฏใฏๅฏใใใ ใใใใฃใฆ่จใฃใฆใๆดๆใ่บซใซใคใใใใฆใใใใงใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใใใๆใๆฏใฎ้ฒๆญขใซใใชใใใใงใใญใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใชใใงใใใ |
| : ใใใใใงใใใๆฏใฏใใใชใขใซใฏใฉใทใใฏใ่ใใใใใ้ณๆฅฝใซใใใใฆใๆญใใใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ใธใผใใใใใงใใญใๅใฏไปใใใใซ่ธใ่ฆใใใใฆใใใใงใใใ |
| : ไธ่ผช่ปใซไนใใใฆใ็ฟใๅใใใใใใงใใ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใผใใใชใใจใใใฆใใใใงใใ๏ผ |
| ไฝ่ค้ซๅบ:ไปใใใใใใฎใใใฐใซใใงใงใๆผใ้ฃฏใ้ฃในใใใใใจๆใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ่ฏใใฃใใใไธ็ทใซ่กใใพใใใ๏ผ |
| ๆฉๅท็ฒๅฅ:ใใใใใงใใญใๆฏ้ใ |
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