Learn popular Japanese phrases you'll need to be able to describe the weather
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: ใชใใฟใงใใ(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Itโs always sunny in Japan. This series continues from Newbie series season 2 Nihongo Dojo "Welcome to Style You", Newbie series season 3 Nihongo Dojo "Style You and beyond, and Beginner series season 4. |
| Peter: In this lesson, you will learnโฆ |
| Naomi: ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใฎ่จ่ใจใใฌใผใบ (Tenki yohล no kotoba to furฤzu) |
| Peter: Expressions used in a weather forecast. This conversation takes place at... |
| Naomi: ใใฌใๅฑ (terebikyoku) |
| Peter: A T.V. Station. The conversation is between a TV crew and a weather forecaster, right? |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) You hear the ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑ (tenki yohล) or weather forecast in Japanese. |
| Peter: Now, since the weather forecaster is talking to the viewers at home, she is using... |
| Naomi: ไธๅฏงใชๆฅๆฌ่ช (teinei na Nihon-go) |
| Peter: Formal Japanese. Letโs have a listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| ็ท (otoko) : ไบ็งๅใๅใไธใไบใไธ (Go-byล mae, yon, san, ni, ichi) |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใฟใชใใใใใฏใใใใใใพใใ้ ไบๆญฉ๏ผใจใใใใใ๏ผใฎๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใฎๆ้ใงใใ(Mina-san, ohayล gozaimasu. Tลi Ayumu no tenki yohล no jikan desu.) |
| ไปๆฅใๆฑไบฌใฏ ใจใฆใๅฏใใชใใงใใใใๅคฉๆฐใฏๆดใ ใฎใก ใใใใงใใใใ(Kyล, Tลkyล wa totemo samuku naru deshล. Tenki wa hare nochi kumori deshล.) |
| ๆใฏ ๆดใใพใใใๅๅพใใ ใใใใงใใใใๅคๆนใใใฏ ้จใงใใใใ(Asa wa haremasu ga, gogo kara kumoru deshล. Yลซgata kara wa ame deshล.) |
| ใจใใใซใใฃใฆ ้ชใ ้ใใใใใใพใใใ(Tokoro ni yotte yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.) |
| ๅคๅบใฎๆใๆใใใณใผใใจ ๅใ ๅฟใใชใใงใใ ใใใญใ(Gaishutsu no toki, atatakai kลto to kasa o wasurenaide kudasai ne.) |
| ใใใงใฏใใฟใชใใไปๆฅใ ้ ๅผตใใพใใใใ(Soredewa, mina-san kyล mo ganbarimashล.) |
| ็ท (otoko) : ใฏใ๏ผใซใใ๏ผใชใใฑใคใงใใ้ ไบใใใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใใ(Hai! Katto! Okkei desu. Tลi-san, otsukare-sama deshita.) |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใตใผใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใ(Fลซ. Otsukare-sama desu.) |
| Naomi: ใใไธๅบฆใใ้กใใใพใใไปๅบฆใฏใใฃใใใ้กใใใพใใ(Mล ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| ็ท (otoko) : ไบ็งๅใๅใไธใไบใไธ (Go-byล mae, yon, san, ni, ichi) |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใฟใชใใใใใฏใใใใใใพใใ้ ไบๆญฉ๏ผใจใใใใใ๏ผใฎๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใฎๆ้ใงใใ(Mina-san, ohayล gozaimasu. Tลi Ayumu no tenki yohล no jikan desu.) |
| ไปๆฅใๆฑไบฌใฏ ใจใฆใๅฏใใชใใงใใใใๅคฉๆฐใฏๆดใ ใฎใก ใใใใงใใใใ(Kyล, Tลkyล wa totemo samuku naru deshล. Tenki wa hare nochi kumori deshล.) |
| ๆใฏ ๆดใใพใใใๅๅพใใ ใใใใงใใใใๅคๆนใใใฏ ้จใงใใใใ(Asa wa haremasu ga, gogo kara kumoru deshล. Yลซgata kara wa ame deshล.) |
| ใจใใใซใใฃใฆ ้ชใ ้ใใใใใใพใใใ(Tokoro ni yotte yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.) |
| ๅคๅบใฎๆใๆใใใณใผใใจ ๅใ ๅฟใใชใใงใใ ใใใญใ(Gaishutsu no toki, atatakai kลto to kasa o wasurenaide kudasai ne.) |
| ใใใงใฏใใฟใชใใไปๆฅใ ้ ๅผตใใพใใใใ(Soredewa, mina-san kyล mo ganbarimashล.) |
| ็ท (otoko) : ใฏใ๏ผใซใใ๏ผใชใใฑใคใงใใ้ ไบใใใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใใ(Hai! Katto! Okkei desu. Tลi-san, otsukare-sama deshita.) |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใตใผใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใ(Fลซ. Otsukare-sama desu.) |
| Naomi: ไปๅบฆใฏใ่ฑ่ชใๅ ฅใใพใใ(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| ็ท (otoko) : ไบ็งๅใๅใไธใไบใไธ (Go-byล mae, yon, san, ni, ichi) |
| Five seconds remaining, four, three, two, one. |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใฟใชใใใใใฏใใใใใใพใใ้ ไบๆญฉ๏ผใจใใใใใ๏ผใฎๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑใฎๆ้ใงใใ |
| (Mina-san, ohayล gozaimasu. Tลi Ayumu no tenki yohล no jikan desu.) |
| Good morning, everybody. It's time for the weather forecast with Ayumu Tลi. |
| : ไปๆฅใๆฑไบฌใฏ ใจใฆใๅฏใใชใใงใใใใ(Kyล, Tลkyล wa totemo samuku naru deshล.) |
| Today, Tokyo will get very cold. |
| : ๅคฉๆฐใฏๆดใ ใฎใก ใใใใงใใใใ(Tenki wa hare nochi kumori deshล.) |
| The weather will be clear, followed by clouds later on. |
| : ๆใฏ ๆดใใพใใใๅๅพใใ ใใใใงใใใใ(Asa wa haremasu ga, gogo kara kumoru deshล.) |
| The morning will be clear, but from the afternoon onward it will become cloudy. |
| : ๅคๆนใใใฏ ้จใงใใใใ(Yลซgata kara wa ame deshล.) |
| Rain is forecast for the evening. |
| : ใจใใใซใใฃใฆ ้ชใ ้ใใใใใใพใใใ(Tokoro ni yotte yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.) |
| Depending on your location, there is a chance of snow. |
| : ๅคๅบใฎๆใๆใใใณใผใใจ ๅใ ๅฟใใชใใงใใ ใใใญใ(Gaishutsu no toki, atatakai kลto to kasa o wasurenaide kudasai ne.) |
| If you go out, please don't forget a warm jacket and an umbrella. |
| : ใใใงใฏใใฟใชใใไปๆฅใ ้ ๅผตใใพใใใใ(Soredewa, mina-san kyล mo ganbarimashล.) |
| As always, give it your best today, everyone! |
| ็ท (otoko) : ใฏใ๏ผใซใใ๏ผใชใใฑใคใงใใ(Hai! Katto! Okkei desu.) |
| Okay, cut! That's fine. |
| : ้ ไบใใใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใใ(Tลi-san, otsukare-sama deshita.) |
| Thank you, Ms. Tลi. |
| ้ ไบๆญฉ (Tลi Ayumu) : ใตใผใใ็ฒใๆงใงใใ(Fลซ. Otsukare-sama desu.) |
| [sigh] Thank you. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei, what do you call this person? The weather woman...ๅคฉๆฐๅงใใ (tenki nee-san)? |
| Naomi: Ah, you meanใใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใใใงใใญใ(โo-tenki o-nee-sanโ desu ne.) |
| Peter: Right. ใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใใปใปใปใใใใใงใใญใ(O-tenki o-nee-sanโฆ kawaii desu ne.) |
| Naomi: ใใใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใใ๏ผใใใใใใงใใญใใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใใฏใใใใ่ฅใใฆใใใใใใงใใญใ(A, o-tenki o-nee-san ga? ฤ, sล desu ne. O-tenki o-nee-san wa, un, wakakute, kawaii desu ne.) |
| Peter: So according to Naomi-sensei, ใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใ (o-tenki o-nee-san), or weather ladies, are usually young and pretty. |
| Naomi: ใใใใงใใ้ๆใกใจใใในใใผใ้ธๆใจใใจ็ตๅฉใใพใใญใ(Un. De, o-kanemochi toka, supลtsu senshu toka to kekkon shimasu ne.) |
| Peter: And most of them get married to sports players or rich people or the like. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใใใ(Sล sล sล sล.) Maybe I'm stereotyping too much, I don't know! (็ฌ๏ผ |
| Peter: ใใฎ้ใใงใใญใ(Sono tลri desu ne.) |
| Naomi: ใใใ ใใๆใ๏ผ(ฤ, sล omou?)ใDo you agree? |
| Peter: I agree. But I think it's actually interesting that in Japan it's ใๅคฉๆฐใๅงใใ (o-tenki o-nee-san), like 'the weather woman'. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใ(Un, sล.) There's usually no ใๅคฉๆฐใๅ ใใ (o-tenki o-nii-san). |
| Peter: Or 'weather guys', or 'weather man'. And in the US there are usually a lot of weather men. |
| Naomi: ใใใใ๏ผ(A, sล?) |
| Peter: And usually a guy is doing the weather man. |
| Naomi: ใตใผใใใใใใใใงใใญใ(Fลซn. Omoshiroi desu ne.) |
| Peter: So usually young women are doing the weather forecast. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Ok. Let's take a look at the vocabulary. |
| First word: |
| ็ง (byล) [natural native speed] |
| second |
| ็ง (byล) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ็ง (byล) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑ (tenki yohล) [natural native speed] |
| weather forecast |
| ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑ (tenki yohล) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ๅคฉๆฐไบๅ ฑ (tenki yohล) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| ๅคๆน (yลซgata) [natural native speed] |
| evening |
| ๅคๆน (yลซgata) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ๅคๆน (yลซgata) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| ้ช (yuki) [natural native speed] |
| snow, snowy |
| ้ช (yuki) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ้ช (yuki) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| ๅคๅบ (gaishutsu) [natural native speed] |
| outing, trip, going out |
| ๅคๅบ (gaishutsu) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| ๅคๅบ (gaishutsu) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's take a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei? What's the first word we're looking at? |
| Naomi: ้ ๅผตใ (ganbaru) |
| Peter: to try one's best, to hang in there. |
| Naomi: This word is often used in the te-form, right?ใLike ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใใ (ganbatte kudasai). |
| Peter: Which in English means "Do your best", or "Hang in there". And, I think it's used in the same way as "Good luck" in English. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใ ใจๆใใพใใ(Un, sล da to omoimasu.) I think so too. I'd translate ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใใ (ganbatte kudasai) or ้ ๅผตใฃใฆ (ganbatte) as "Good luck". |
| Peter: Of course this is a kind of relative, and dependent on the context in which it's used. In the dialogue, the weather woman said in the weather forecast, |
| Naomi: ้ ๅผตใใพใใใใ(Ganbarimashล.) |
| Peter: 'Let's do our best', or 'let's give our best'. |
| Naomi: ใใใ(Un.) Of course, she could have said ้ ๅผตใฃใฆใใ ใใ (ganbatte kudasai) "Give it your best." "Do your best". That'll work too. |
| Peter: Now, ้ ๅผตใใพใใใ (ganbarimashล). You learned this grammatical structure in Beginner Series Season 4. And this is a verb stem plus ใพใใใ (mashล). If you are not familiar with this grammar point, please review Beginner series season 4 Lesson 33. |
| Peter: Ok. Next, we are going to go over the announcement to describe the weather. Naomi-sensei, โSunnyโ is? |
| Naomi: ๆดใ (hare) |
| Peter: 'Cloudy' is? |
| Naomi: ใใใ (kumori) |
| Peter: 'Rain' or 'shower' is? |
| Naomi: ้จ (ame) |
| Peter: There are corresponding verbs listed in the lesson notes, so be sure to read those. |
| Naomi: Also, I'd like to introduce two phrases often used in weather forecast, which are ใจใใฉใ(tokidoki) |
| Peter: sometimes, occasionally |
| Naomi: and ใฎใก (nochi) later, after. |
| Peter: later, after. Can we hear a sample sentence using ใจใใฉใ (tokidoki)? |
| Naomi: ๆดใใจใใฉใใใใ (hare tokidoki kumori) |
| Peter: 'Clear, partly cloudy'. Literally 'Clear, sometimes clouds' or 'Sometimes cloudy'. Now how about the sample sentence using ใฎใก (nochi)? |
| Naomi: ใใใใฎใกใใ (kumori nochi ame) |
| Peter: 'Cloudy conditions followed by rain'. And Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ(Hai.) |
| Peter: This word ใฎใก (nochi), this is a pretty formal word, right? |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) |
| Peter: So it's not something you'd use in a conversation with your friends. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) |
| Peter: Remember this is a television conversation, so they're being pretty formal, because they're presenting to everybody watching. |
| Naomi: ใใใ(Un.) |
| Peter: So this ใฎใก (nochi) is quite formal. How about if you were talking with your friends? How would you say this? |
| Naomi: Ah, ok. Noun plus ใฎใใจ (no ato). |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Naomi: That grammar will be explained in the PDF of the next lesson. |
| Peter: OK, on to the Grammar Section. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll learn how to talk about predictions using some new sentence-ending expressions. Now, these expressions are used to talk about probability, possibility or the speaker's guess about something. We're going to introduce four sentence-ending expressions. The first two expressions we're going to look at are... |
| Naomi: ใ ใใ (darล) and ใงใใใ (deshล). |
| Peter: Darล, and the formal, deshล. These express the speaker's guess or prediction about something and is similar to "probably" in English. The speaker's guess is based on some information or knowledge they have. In the dialogue, the weather forecaster said... |
| Naomi: ๅคฉๆฐใฏๆดใใฎใกใใใใงใใใใ(Tenki wa hare nochi kumori deshล.) |
| Peter: The weather will be clear, followed by clouds later on. Split this sentence down. |
| Naomi: ใฏใใๅคฉๆฐใฏ (tenki wa) |
| Peter: As for the weather, |
| Naomi: ๆดใ (hare) |
| Peter: sunny |
| Naomi: ใฎใก (nochi) |
| Peter: after, or later |
| Naomi: ใใใ (kumori) |
| Peter: cloudy |
| Naomi: ใงใใใ(deshล) |
| Peter: probably. So literally, "As for the weather, sunny after cloudy probably". Of course in more natural English it means "The weather will be clear, followed by clouds later on." And, please notice that ใงใใใ (deshล) follows the noun. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) |
| Peter: And here, ใงใใใ (deshล) has a pretty high degree of certainty - at least higher than the other expressions we're going to introduce. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) For affirmative sentences, ใ ใใ (darล) or ใงใใใ (deshล) follows the dictionary form of a verb or adjective. And for negative sentences, ใ ใใ (darล) or ใงใใใ (deshล) follows the informal negative form of a verb or adjective. |
| Peter: And please note, the only difference between ใ ใใ (darล) and ใงใใใ (deshล) is just the politeness level. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: So if I was speaking with my friend, I could use ใ ใใ (darล) . But in formal situations, ใงใใใ (deshล). |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) |
| Peter: But the meaning is exactly the same. |
| Peter: OK Naomi-sensei, let's look at some examples. First how do you say "It will rain"? |
| Naomi: ้จใ้ใใ(Ame ga furu.) |
| Peter: How about "It will probably rain"? And again, 'probably' here has a pretty high degree of certainty. |
| Naomi: ้จใ้ใ ใ ใใใ(Ame ga furu darล.) |
| Peter: And in this case this is informal Japanese, so kind of give some context, maybe a husband and wife riding the train and looking at a very cloudy sky with low clouds and kind of dark clouds. So ้จใ้ใใ ใใ (ame ga furu darล) - pretty high degree of certainty that it's going to rain. |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ(Hai.) Andโฆ ้จใ้ใใงใใใใ(Ame ga furu deshล.) |
| Peter: Same exact meaning, just a higher degree of politeness; and, this is something that again you would hear on the news. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: Now, Naomi-sensei, how do you say "It won't rain"? |
| Naomi: ้จใ้ใใชใใ(Ame ga furanai.) |
| Peter: Ok. How about "It probably won't rain"? |
| Naomi: For informal situations, ้จใ้ใใชใใ ใใ (ame ga furanai darล), and for formal situations, ้จใ้ใใชใใงใใใ (ame ga furanai deshล). |
| Peter: OK. On to the next expressions. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใชใ (kamo shirenai) and ใใใใใพใใ (kamo shiremasen) |
| Peter: ใใใใใชใ (kamo shirenai) and its formal counterpart ใใใใใพใใ (kamo shiremasen) express probability. Now, it indicates that something is possible, but that the speaker is uncertain whether sure or not. It's similar to the English "might" or "maybe". Now remember this is a lower degree of certainty than the expressions we just introduced of ใ ใใ (darล) and ใงใใใ (deshล). |
| Naomi: The formation is the same as ใ ใใ (darล) and ใงใใใ (deshล). They also follow the informal form of a verb or adjective. |
| For example, ้จใ้ใใใใใใชใ (ame ga furu kamo shirenai) or ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ (ame ga furu kamo shiremasen). |
| Peter: It might rain. |
| So, Naomi-sensei, for the sentence, ้จใ้ใใงใใใ (ame ga furu deshล) and ้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ (ame ga furu kamo shiremasen), which has a higher possibility or probability? |
| Naomi: I would say ใ ใใ (darล) or ใงใใใ (deshล) has higher probability. And ใงใใใ (deshล) is the one the weather forecaster usually uses. |
| Peter: For the forecaster predicting. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใ(Sล desu ne.) Of course they use ใใใใใพใใ (kamo shiremasen) if the probability is low. |
| Peter: Kind of for uncertainty, if they're not quite sure. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใ(Sล sล sล.) |
| Peter: Or less confident. In the dialogue, the woman said... |
| Naomi: ใจใใใซใใฃใฆ ้ชใ ้ใใใใใใพใใใ(Tokoro ni yotte yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.) |
| Peter: So, โdepending on your location, there is a chance of snow.โ |
| Naomi: ใใใ้ชใ้ใใใใใใพใใใ(Un. Yuki ga furu kamo shiremasen.) "There's a chance of snow." So...้จใ้ใใใใใใพใใ (ame ga furu kamo shiremasen) would be? |
| Peter: There's a chance of rain. ใจใใใซใใฃใฆ (tokoro ni yotte) is a good phrase to know. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใงใใญใ(ฤ, sล desu ne.) Right. ใจใใ (tokoro) means place.ใ๏ฝใซใใ (ni yoru) is depend on. |
| Peter: So, ไบบใซใใ (hito ni yoru) is depends on the person. ๆฅใซใใ (hi ni yoru), depends on the day. |
| Naomi: ใใใงใใญใใใผใฟใผใฎๆ ๅบฆใฏๆฅใซใใใพใใญใ(Sล desu ne. Pฤซtฤ no taido wa hi ni yorimasu ne.) |
| Peter: So, 'Peter's attitude kind of changes depending on the day.' |
| Naomi: And mood. |
| Peter: OK, and one more point. I just want to revisit something about ใใใใใพใใ (kamo shiremasen). This is the most polite way, and the informal way is ใใใใใชใ (kamo shirenai). But often, in very casual conversations, you can hear ใใ (kamo). |
| Naomi: Ah, actually, I use it a lot! |
| Peter: So see, ultra-short version. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใใใใ(Sล. โKmo.โ) |
| Peter: Yeah. 'Maybe'. So the same level of certainty, but it's just a very short version. |
| Naomi: Right. ใใใใใฏไพฟๅฉใใใ(โKamoโ wa benri kamo.) |
| Peter: The sentence-ending phrase ใใ (kamo) may be useful. |
| Naomi: ใฏใใ(Hai.) |
| Peter: Naomi-sensei's little play on words! OK, in the lesson notes, there's a reference for the grammar used in the dialogue. We tell you which lessons contain the grammar seen in the lesson so that you can go back and review if needed! Thatโs going to do it. |
| Naomi: ใใใใใพใใ(Jฤ, mata.) |
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