Learn how to explain a timeline using Japanese phrases
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. After this Japanese lesson, nothing will ever be the same. In this lesson, you will review the usage of "when", "before" and "after" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. とき (toki), まえに (mae ni) and あとで (ato de), を復習します (o fukushū shimasu). |
| Peter: This conversation takes place at |
| Naomi: ツインズというカフェ (tsuinzu to iu kafe) |
| Peter: at a cafe called TWINS. |
| Naomi: そこで、彼氏と彼女が話しています。(Soko de, kareshi to kanojo ga hanashite imasu.) |
| Peter: The conversation is between a boyfriend and a girlfriend. |
| Naomi: カジュアルな日本語を使っています。(Kajuaru na Nihon-go o tsukatteimasu.) |
| Peter: You'll hear informal Japanese. |
| Naomi: では、聞きましょう。(Dewa, kikimashō.) |
| Peter: Let’s listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 見た？何を？(Mita? Nani o?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。(Chikamori to eiga o mita ato, byōin de anata o mita no.) |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro datta.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro? Hitochigai da yo.) |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。(Tashika ni hiruma kaisha o dete kara byōin ni itta.) |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。(Demo, ie ni kaette kara, soto ni denakatta yo.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。(Demo watashi to denwa shita ato, byōin ni itta desho.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。(Ayumu to denwa suru mae ni, byōin ni itta n da.) |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。(Ayumu to denwa shite kara, sugu ni neta yo.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。(Demo, eigakan o deta toki, anata o mita no yo.) |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。(Yamakawa byōin de Miu to iu onna no hito to atta desho.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : は？それ・・・誰？(Ha? Sore...dare?) |
| Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 見た？何を？(Mita? Nani o?) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。(Chikamori to eiga o mita ato, byōin de anata o mita no.) |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro datta.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro? Hitochigai da yo.) |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。(Tashika ni hiruma kaisha o dete kara byōin ni itta.) |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。(Demo, ie ni kaette kara, soto ni denakatta yo.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。(Demo watashi to denwa shita ato, byōin ni itta desho.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。(Ayumu to denwa suru mae ni, byōin ni itta n da.) |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。(Ayumu to denwa shite kara, sugu ni neta yo.) |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。(Demo, eigakan o deta toki, anata o mita no yo.) |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。(Yamakawa byōin de Miu to iu onna no hito to atta desho.) |
| 下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : は？それ・・・誰？(Ha? Sore...dare?) |
| Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.) |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 見た？何を？(Mita? Nani o?) |
| You saw...what? |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : 近森と 映画を みた後、病院で あなたを 見たの。(Chikamori to eiga o mita ato, byōin de anata o mita no.) |
| After I saw the movie with Chikamori, I saw you at the hospital. |
| : 夜の 八時頃 だった。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro datta.) |
| It was around eight o'clock at night. |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 夜の 八時頃？人違いだよ。(Yoru no hachi-ji goro? Hitochigai da yo.) |
| Eight at night? That was someone else! |
| : 確かに 昼間 会社を 出てから 病院に 行った。(Tashika ni hiruma kaisha o dete kara byōin ni itta.) |
| It's true that after leaving the office at noon I went to the hospital. |
| : でも、家に 帰ってから、外に 出なかったよ。(Demo, ie ni kaette kara, soto ni denakatta yo.) |
| But after going back home, I didn't leave the house! |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも 私と 電話した後、病院に 行ったでしょ。(Demo watashi to denwa shita ato, byōin ni itta desho.) |
| But after you talked with me on the phone, you went to the hospital, right? |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 歩と 電話する前に、病院に 行ったんだ。(Ayumu to denwa suru mae ni, byōin ni itta n da.) |
| I went to the hospital BEFORE I talked to you. |
| : 歩と 電話してから、すぐに 寝たよ。(Ayumu to denwa shite kara, sugu ni neta yo.) |
| After talking to you, I went right to sleep. |
| 遠井 歩 (Tōi Ayumu) : でも、映画館を 出た時、あなたを 見たのよ。(Demo, eigakan o deta toki, anata o mita no yo.) |
| But when I left the movie theater, I saw you. |
| : 山川病院で 美雨という女の人と 会ったでしょ。(Yamakawa byōin de Miu to iu onna no hito to atta desho.) |
| You met up with a woman named Miu at Yamakawa Hospital, didn't you? |
| 下山 新 (Shimoyama Shin) : は？それ・・・誰？(Ha? Sore...dare?) |
| What? Who is THAT? |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Naomi: ああ～、大変ですね。(Ā, taihen desu ne.) It looks like someone is in big trouble. But… 歩が見た人は新じゃないです。晴夜です。(Ayumu ga mita hito wa Shin ja nai desu. Haruya desu.) |
| Peter: The person Ayumu saw was not her boyfriend Shin, but Haruya. 誤解ですね。(Gokai desu ne.) |
| Naomi: あー、そうね。(Ā, sō ne.) Misunderstanding. That's kind of an advanced word for beginners, don't you think? |
| Peter: It is. But I think it's easy to remember. And if you say it, I think you have an incredible impression of a listener. |
| Naomi: そうね。(Sō ne.) |
| Peter: And also, I think we got a little mnemonic, little trick to memorizing it. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: To say the fifth floor. You say? |
| Naomi: あぁ、 五階。(Ā, go-kai.) They have the same pronunciation and pitch accent. That's a really good way to remember this word 誤解 (gokai), misunderstanding. |
| Peter: Now, I think in Europe the fourth floor actually corresponds to what a Japanese call the fifth floor. |
| Naomi: あ、そうですね。(A, sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: So I think it's an easy way to remember this mnemonic, is the fifth floor in Japan is easy to be mistaken for the fourth floor in Europe. |
| Naomi: Hmm. |
| Peter: 五階 (go-kai), fifth floor, and 誤解 (gokai), mistake. That might work. Now, Naomi-sensei. This phrase 誤解 (gokai) mistake, you hear it in phrases like それは誤解です (sore wa gokai desu). That’s misunderstanding. Or, this is also kind of one. 誤解しないでください！(Gokai shinaide kudasai!) Don't misunderstand me.These are two phrases that’s used quite a bit, right? |
| Naomi: It sounds like you're easily misunderstood by people. (笑) But you're right! You'll hear this word 誤解 (gokai) in Japanese dramas, anime and so on. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Peter: Let's take a look at the vocabulary for this lesson. |
| The first word is: |
| Naomi: 映画 (eiga) [natural native speed] |
| Peter: movie, film |
| Naomi: 映画 (eiga) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 映画 (eiga) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 確かに (tashika ni) [natural native speed] |
| Peter: surely, certainly |
| Naomi: 確かに (tashika ni) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 確かに (tashika ni) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 人違い (hitochigai) [natural native speed] |
| Peter: mistaking one person for another, mistaken identity |
| Naomi: 人違い (hitochigai) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 人違い (hitochigai) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: 昼間 (hiruma) [natural native speed] |
| Peter: during the day, daytime |
| Naomi: 昼間 (hiruma) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: 昼間 (hiruma) [natural native speed] |
| Next: |
| Naomi: すぐに (sugu ni) [natural native speed] |
| Peter: immediately |
| Naomi: すぐに (sugu ni) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Naomi: すぐに (sugu ni) [natural native speed] |
| VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE |
| Peter: Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is? |
| Naomi: 確か (tashika) |
| Peter: "sure", "certain" |
| Naomi: な形容詞です。(Na-keiyōshi desu.) |
| Peter: It's a na-adjective. However when ni follows it, it becomes an adverb |
| Naomi: Right. 確かに (tashika ni) means "surely", "for sure", "indeed", or "without question." |
| Peter: Can we hear an example? |
| Naomi: 確かに私はドアを閉めました。(Tashika ni watashi wa doa o shimemashita.) |
| Peter: I certainly closed the door. Naomi-sensei. |
| Naomi: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Tashika ni is often used as あいづち (aizuchi), which are filler words or response words, right? |
| Naomi: そうね。確かに！ (Sō ne. Tashika ni!) Just like that. |
| Peter: It means "Indeed" or "that's for sure" or "True." |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: OK. What's next? |
| Naomi: I'd like to introduce the sentence ending expression でしょ？(desho?) with rising intonation. |
| Peter: Yes! I’ve been waiting for this lesson. でしょ？ (desho?) or だろ？ (daro?) with rising intonation is often used to confirm something. |
| Naomi: It's similar to an English tag question, such as "Isn't it?" "don't you?" |
| Peter: Or “right?” |
| Naomi: うん、そうね。(Un, sō ne.) |
| Peter: Sample sentence please. |
| Naomi: 映画は８時からでしょう？(Eiga wa hachi-ji kara deshō?) |
| Peter: The movie starts at 8, right? |
| Naomi: In casual conversation, we tend to shorten the last vowel. Like でしょ？ (desho?) instead of でしょう？(deshō?) |
| So...映画は８時からでしょ？(Eiga wa hachi-ji kara desho?) |
| Peter: The movie starts at 8, right?I think women tend to use でしょ？ (desho?) the shorten version, and men tend to use だろ？(daro?) in informal speech. |
| Naomi: あ、そうね。(A, sō ne.) I think you're right. |
| Peter: And I also want to point out that you can use でしょ？ (desho?) and だろ？ (daro?) by themselves. |
| Naomi: Ah...Like "I know” or “right?" |
| Peter: For example… なおみ先生は素敵ですね。(Naomi-sensei wa suteki desu ne.) Naomi, you look very pretty. |
| Naomi: あ〜、でしょ？(Ā, desho?) Right. I know. |
| Peter: That was the very modest one. See, you didn’t execute the confidence. Let’s try the other way. I can show you. |
| Naomi: Ok. ピーター、かっこいいね。(Pītā, kakkoii ne.) Peter, you’re so good looking. |
| Peter: だろ？(Daro?) |
| Naomi: むかつく。(Mukatsuku.) |
| Peter: So the way I said it was a lot more confident. I know! Tell me something I don’t know. Let’s try one more time with Naomi-sensei. なおみ先生は素敵ですね。(Naomi-sensei wa suteki desu ne.) |
| Naomi: でしょ？(Desho?) |
| Peter: Yeah, so I know! But this can be a very nice joke. |
| Naomi: Right. |
| Peter: When you say it in a right context among friends. |
| Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) |
| Peter: So if someone tells you something like that you already know, or very obvious, you can use the shortened versions to convey the fact that I know, and I think it’s a good surprise of a couple of people. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: In this lesson, you'll review how to say "when", "before", and "after" in Japanese. |
| Naomi: Right. とき (toki) means when, まえ (mae) means before, and あと (ato) means after. |
| Peter: Let's start with まえに (mae ni), meaning before. |
| The verb that comes before 前に (mae ni), meaning before, has to be in the informal non-past or the dictionary form. |
| Naomi: Right. 出る前に (deru mae ni) |
| Peter: Before leaving. OK. We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei. "Before you leave the office, please call me." |
| Naomi: 会社を出る前に、電話をしてください。(Kaisha o deru mae ni, denwa o shite kudasai.) |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Naomi: Ok. Next let's review あと (ato) meaning after. |
| Peter: Please remember that the verb that comes before あと (ato), after has to be in the informal past |
| Naomi: Right. 出た後 (deta ato) |
| Peter: After leaving. We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei, "After you leave the office, please call me". |
| Naomi: 会社を出た後、電話をしてください。(Kaisha o deta ato, denwa o shite kudasai.) |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Naomi: Lastly, let's review the usage of とき meaning "when" |
| Peter: とき (toki), when can follow both non-past and past verbs, right? |
| Naomi: But please remember that the verb has to be in informal form. |
| Peter: Can we hear a sentence from the dialogue? |
| Naomi: Sure. 映画館を出た時、あなたを 見た。(Eigakan o deta toki, anata o mita.) |
| Peter: When I left the movie theater, I saw you. |
| Naomi: Right. It's like ...Right after I left the movie theater, I saw you. |
| Peter: We are going to give you a sentence. Repeat after Naomi-sensei. "When I left the movie theater, I saw you." |
| Naomi: 映画館を出たとき、あなたを見た。(Eigakan o deta toki, anata o mita.) |
| Peter: [pause] |
| Now the usage of verb plus toki “when” is rather complicated, read the lesson notes for more information. |
| Naomi: それじゃあ、また。(Sore jā, mata.) |
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