Dialogue

Vocabulary

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Jessi: Other particles are useful but Japanese particles は (wa) and も (mo) are crucial.
Naomi: こんにちは、ナオミです。(Kon’nichiwa, Naomi desu.)
Jessi: Jessi here. OK, what did we study in the previous lesson?
Naomi: We studied the particle は (wa) when used to show contrast, and the particle が (ga) when used to mean “but”.
Jessi: Can we hear a sample sentence using both of those?
Naomi: はい。野球は得意ですが、サッカーはちょっと・・・。(Hai. Yakyū wa tokui desu ga, sakkā wa chotto…)
Jessi: I’m good at baseball but not at soccer… So what particles are we covering in this lesson?
Naomi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo).
Jessi: And who is this conversation between?
Naomi: 田中明さんと子供の親です。(Tanaka Akira-san to kodomo no oya desu.)
Jessi: Akira Tanaka and the child’s parents.
Naomi: 二人は電話で話していますね。田中明さんは、学校の先生です。(Futari wa denwa de hanashite imasu ne. Tanaka Akira-san wa, gakkō no sensei desu.)
Jessi: Akira Tanaka is a school teacher. And he’s talking with a parent, one of his students on the phone. All right, so let’s listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
(電話)(Denwa)
田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.)
子供の親: 先生?うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.)
田中明: は?(Ha?)
子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.)
: 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.)
田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.)
子供の親: ええ?警察?(Ee? Keisatsu?)
もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.)
田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.)
子供の親: 先生?うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.)
田中明: は?(Ha?)
子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.)
: 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.)
田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.)
子供の親: ええ?警察?(Ee? Keisatsu?)
今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.)
田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.)
Jessi: Hello, Tanaka speaking.
子供の親: 先生?うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.)
Jessi: Mr. Tanaka? I can't find my child.
田中明: は?(Ha?)
Jessi: What?
子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.)
Jessi: He's not at home or at cram school.
: 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.)
Jessi: I called his friends' houses as well, but he wasn't there.
田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.)
Jessi: Have you called the police?
子供の親: ええ?警察?(Ee? Keisatsu?)
Jessi: What? The police??
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Jessi: 子供が心配ですね!(Kodomo ga shinpai desu ne!)
Naomi ねぇ、大丈夫ですかね…。(Nee, daijōbu desu ka ne…)
Jessi: The kid is nowhere to be found… I can imagine that the mother must be really worried.
Naomi: そうねぇ…。(Sō nee…) If this happened in Japan, the first person the parents would contact is a teacher.
Jessi: Oh really?
Naomi: Yeah, but in the States…?
Jessi: I don’t think so.
Naomi: Oh, really?
Jessi: That’s really interesting, I didn’t know that. So that’s why they’re talking on the phone, the parent and the teacher.
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.)
Jessi: Ah, that makes sense.
Naomi: I’d like to go over some of the vocab in the dialogue, because there is some good vocab in the dialogue.
Jessi: OK, great. What’s the first one?
Naomi: How do you say 塾 (juku) in English?
Jessi: That would be “cram school.” This is a private school that many students go to after they get out of their regular school, and they go there for extra instruction.
Naomi: OK, the next word is 警察 (keisatsu).
Jessi: Police.
Naomi: うち (uchi)
Jessi Home, or house.
Naomi: うち (uchi) appears twice in the dialogue, right? The second うち (uchi) means home or house, but the first うち (uchi) is a little different. The parent said うちの子供 (uchi no kodomo), which means my child. うちの (uchi no) could also mean “my”.
Jessi: So instead of, say, 私の (watashi no), they would say うちの (uchi no).
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.)
Jessi: Do you ever use うちの (uchi no)?
Naomi: あ、もう、いつもです。(A, mō, itsumo desu.)
Jessi: Oh really?
Naomi: Yeah, actually I always use it.
Jessi: Oh, interesting.
Naomi: ジェシーさんは?(Jeshī-san wa?)
Jessi: Never.
Naomi: 本当?(Hontō?)
Jessi: I’ve never used it. I don’t know exactly how it sounds, so I’ve never used it.

Lesson focus

Jessi: In this lesson, you'll learn how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo).
Naomi: Let’s start with the particle は (wa).
Jessi: As you learned in lesson 11, the particle は (wa) can be used to show contrast.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) When contrasting the object or subject, you replace を (o) or が (ga) with は (wa).
For example, わたしは音楽が得意だ。(Watashi wa ongaku ga tokui da.)
Jessi: “I'm good at playing music.” 得意 (tokui) means “to be good at” and is talking about one’s ability, so the object is marked by が (ga). That gives us 音楽が得意だ。(Ongaku ga tokui da.)
If you want to show contrast, such as “I'm good at playing music, but I'm not good at sports”, then you have to mark the object with は (wa).
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. So…わたしは音楽は得意だが、運動は得意じゃない。(Watashi wa ongaku wa tokui da ga, undō wa tokui ja nai.)
Jessi: “I'm good at playing music, but I'm not good at sports.” Now for showing contrast for location or destination, which use the particles に (ni) and へ (e), there are two ways to do this, right?
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō dseu ne.) Right. The first option is “Replace へ (e) or に (ni) with は (wa).“
For example, “I went to Madrid.” is マドリッドへ行きました。(Madoriddo e ikimashita.) and “I didn’t go to Barcelona.” is バルセロナへ行きませんでした。(Baruserona e ikimasen deshita.)
Jessi These are the original sentences. Note how the destinations are marked by the particle へ (e). Of course you can also use に (ni). So…if you want to show contrast and say “I went to Madrid, but I didn't go to Barcelona ”, you show that contrast by replacing へ (e) with は (wa).
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. マドリッドは行きましたが、バルセロナは行きませんでした。(Madoriddo wa ikimashita ga, Baruserona wa ikimasen deshita.) “I went to Madrid, but I didn't go to Barcelona.”
Jessi: And what’s the other option?
Naomi: You can add は (wa) to に (ni) or へ (e).
Jessi: So that would be マドリッドへは行きました (Madoriddo e wa ikimashita), right?
Naomi: そうですそうです (sō desu sō desu), right. Exactly. マドリッドへは行きましたが、バルセロナへはいきませんでした。(Madoriddo e wa ikimashita ga, Baruserona e wa ikimasen deshita.)
Jessi: Now, when you want to show contrast for information followed by other particles such as に (ni) (used to talk about time, location, purpose), で (de) (which is "in”, “at” “on"), と (to) (which is "with"), から (kara) (which is "from") and まで (made) (which is "until") and so on, the particle は (wa) comes AFTER all of those particles.
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) For example, 父と日本語を話します。(Chichi to Nihon-go o hanashimasu.) is “I speak with my father in Japanese.” 母と英語を話します。(Haha to Eigo o hanashimasu.) is “I speak with my mother in English.” And if you put these two pieces of information together, you get 父とは日本語を話しますが、母とは英語を話します。(Chichi to wa Nihon-go o hanashimasu ga, haha to wa Eigo o hanashimasu.)
Jessi: “I speak with my father in Japanese and I speak with my mother in English.”
Here, と (to) means “with”, and it is followed by the particle は (wa) as in 父とは (chichi to wa), 母とは (haha to wa).
Jessi: OK. On to double particles using も (mo).
As you learned in Lessons 1 and 8, the particle も (mo) follows a noun and means "too" or "also".
Naomi: Be careful where you put も (mo), because it could affect the meaning of the sentence.
Jessi: How so?
Naomi: 「わたしも」フランス語が話せます。(‘Watashi mo’ Furansu-go ga hanasemasu.) is “I also speak French.” It sounds like there is someone else who can speak French. But わたしは「フランス語も」話せます。(Watashi wa ‘Furansu-go mo’ hanasemasu.) is “I also speak French.” It sounds like this person can speak other languages.
Jessi: So let’s just get this straight…わたしもフランス語が話せます。(Watashi mo Furansu-go ga hanasemasu.) means “I speak French in addition to somebody else” and わたしはフランス語も話せます。(Watashi wa Furansu-go mo hanasemasu.) means “I speak French in addition to other languages.”
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) So you need to put も (mo) right after the noun you want to emphasize.
Jessi: I see, that makes sense. When you want to emphasize the topic, subject or object, you replace は (wa), が (ga) or を (o) with も (mo).
Naomi: For example. 新しいくつがほしい。(Atarashii kutsu ga hoshii.) “I want new shoes.”
新しいかばんもほしい。(Atarashii kaban mo hoshii.) “I also want a new bag.”
Jessi: See how が (ga) was replaced with も (mo)?
In the second sentence, 新しいカバンもほしい (atarashii kaban mo hoshii), we use も (mo) because we already mentioned a pair of shoes. So the bag is in addition to that pair of shoes.
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.)
Jessi: Now, if you use も (mo) in conjunction with another particle, も (mo) will come after it. And here is an example of that.
Naomi: ロンドンへ 行きました。(Rondon e ikimashita.) “I went to London.”
パリへも 行きました。(Pari e mo ikimashita.)
Jessi: “I also went to Paris”, as in “I went to Paris as well as London.” As always, the lesson notes go into much more detail. There is a summary of the different rules of combining and replacing particles, so don’t miss it.In this lesson you learned how to use double particles with は (wa) and も (mo). Now let’s recap this lesson with some quiz.
Naomi-sensei is going to read you a sentence in Japanese. Your job is to choose the best English sentence which has the closest nuance from the choices provided. Are you ready? Here’s the sentence.
Naomi: 新しい靴はほしい。(Atarashii kutsu wa hoshii.)
1. I want a new pair of shoes, and I don’t want anything other than that.
2. I want a new pair of shoes as well.
Jessi: So can we hear the question one more time?
Naomi: Sure. 新しい靴はほしい。(Atarashii kutsu wa hoshii.)
Jessi: 新しい靴 (atarashii kutsu), “new shoes”, was followed by the contrastive marker は (wa)
So, the speaker is implying that he/she doesn’t want anything else, just the shoes.
Naomi: So the translation would be?
Jessi: 1. I want a new pair of shoes, and I don’t want anything other than that.
Naomi-sensei, the translation of Choice 2, “I want a new pair of shoes as well” - what would that be?
Naomi: That would be 新しい靴もほしい。(Atarashii kutsu mo hoshii.) 
Jessi: So there we have the particle も (mo), which means “in addition.” OK. Let’s do one more quiz question. This time I’m going to say the English sentence; please choose the best Japanese translation from the choices provided.
Here’s the sentence. “I also speak Japanese” in the sense of, “I can speak some other languages but I can also speak Japanese.”
Naomi: 1. 私も日本語が話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go ga hanasemasu.)
2. 私は日本語も話せます。(Watashi wa Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.)
3. 私も日本語も話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.)
Jessi: And the answer is?
Naomi: 2. 私は日本語も話せます。(Watashi wa Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.)
Jessi: So let’s review the choices. Choice 1, 私も日本語が話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go ga hanasemasu.) Is “I can also speak Japanese in addition to somebody else who can.” And Choice 3, 私も日本語も話せます。(Watashi mo Nihon-go mo hanasemasu.) … What does this mean?
Naomi: It doesn’t sound right to me.
Jessi: So this isn’t natural Japanese.
Naomi: No.
Jessi: OK, all right. Well, that’s all for this lesson.
Naomi: じゃあまた。(Jā mata.)
Jessi: See you next time.
DIALOGUE
(電話)
田中明: はい、田中です。(Hai, Tanaka desu.)
子供の親: 先生?うちの子供がいないんです。(Sensei? Uchi no kodomo ga inai n desu.)
田中明: は?(Ha?)
子供の親: 家にも塾にもいません。(Ie ni mo juku ni mo imasen.)
: 友達のうちへも、電話しましたが、いないんです。(Tomodachi no uchi e mo, denwa shimashita ga, inai n desu.)
田中明:警察へは電話をしましたか。(Keisatsu e wa denwa o shimashita ka.)
子供の親: ええ?警察?(Ee? Keisatsu?)

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