Dialogue

Vocabulary (Review)

Learn New Words FAST with this Lesson’s Vocab Review List

Get this lesson’s key vocab, their translations and pronunciations. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Lesson Notes

Unlock In-Depth Explanations & Exclusive Takeaways with Printable Lesson Notes

Unlock Lesson Notes and Transcripts for every single lesson. Sign Up for a Free Lifetime Account and Get 7 Days of Premium Access.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Naomi: なおみです。(Naomi desu.)
Peter: Peter here. Beginner Series - Season 5, Lesson 5. You should do what this person says in Japanese. Now, in this lesson you will learn some useful phrases for asking and giving advice or suggestions.
Naomi: Right, such as 〜た方がいいです (-ta hō ga ii desu).
Peter: Should.
Naomi: And 〜ない方がいいです (-nai hō ga ii desu).
Peter: Should not. Now, this conversation takes place at?
Naomi: 病院 (byōin)
Peter: A hospital. The conversation is between?
Naomi: お医者さんと下山新さん (o-isha-san to Shimoyama Shin-san)
Peter: A doctor and Shin Shimoyama.
Naomi: 下山さんは体調がよくないです。(Shimoyama-san wa taichō ga yokunai desu.)
Peter: Shin is not feeling well. Naomi-sensei.
Naomi: はい。(Hai.)
Peter: What is the formality level of this conversation?
Naomi: ていねい (teinei)
Peter: Formal. Let's listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
(病院) (byōin)
医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.)
: しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…)
医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです!(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!)
医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.)
: それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.)
医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.)
: 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.)
Naomi: もう一度、お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do, onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.)
医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.)
: しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…)
医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです!(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!)
医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.)
: それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.)
医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.)
: 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.)
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.)
Naomi: 今度は、英語が入ります。(Kondo wa, Eigo ga hairimasu.)
医者 (isha) : インフルエンザかもしれませんね。(Infuruenza kamo shiremasen ne.)
It's possibly influenza.
: しばらく、会社を 休んだ方が いいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.)
You should take a few days off work.
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : 来週、出張に 行かなくてはいけないんですが・・・。(Raishū, shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai n desu ga…)
But I have to go on a business trip next week...
医者 (isha) : 無理かもしれませんね。(Muri kamo shiremasen ne.)
That's probably going to be impossible.
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : とても 大事な 仕事なんです!(Totemo daiji na shigoto nan desu!)
It's a very important task!
医者 (isha) : うーん。じゃ、朝、昼、晩、一日三回、食事の後に、この薬を 飲んでください。(Ūn. Ja, asa, hiru, ban, ichi-nichi san-kai, shokuji no ato ni, kono kusuri o nonde kudasai.)
Hmm. Well then, please take this medicine morning, afternoon, and evening, three times a day, after eating.
医者 (isha) : それから、お風呂に 入ってはいけませんよ。(Sorekara, o-furo ni haitte wa ikemasen yo.)
And you cannot take any baths.
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : シャワーは 浴びても いいですか。(Shawā wa abite mo ii desu ka.)
Am I allowed to take showers?
医者 (isha) : シャワーも 浴びない方が いいですね。(Shawā mo abinai hō ga ii desu ne.)
It's better not to take any showers.
医者 (isha) : 早く 帰って ねてください。(Hayaku kaette nete kudasai.)
Please go home immediately and sleep.
下山新 (Shimoyama Shin) : わかりました。(Wakarimashita.)
All right.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Naomi: インフルエンザ・・・こわいですね。(Infuruenza… kowai desu ne.)
Peter: こわいですね。(Kowai desu ne.) It’s pretty scary.
Naomi: Hm.
Peter: 今年何でしたっけ。(Kotoshi nan deshita kke?) This year, what was it?
Naomi: Ah! the new one, 新型インフルエンザ (shingata infuruenza).
Peter: The new type of flu.
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.) Right.
Peter: And in English we call that, the swine flu.
Naomi: Ahh!
Peter: So it's a very big difference between the two words in their respective languages.
Naomi: Right, but we used to call it 豚インフルエンザ (buta infuruenza). But from a certain point they changed the name.
Peter: And then we have?
Naomi: 新型インフルエンザ。日本は11月から3月くらいはインフルエンザのシーズンなんですね。(Shingata infuruenza. Nihon wa jū ichi-gatsu kara san-gatsu kurai wa infuruenza no shīzun nan desu ne.)
Peter: So in Japan, the flu goes around from November to March. So if you're planning to visit Japan during that season, be careful.
Naomi: そう!気をつけてくださいね。マスクを忘れずに。(Sō! Ki o tsukete kudasai ne. Masuku o wasurezu ni.)
Peter: Don’t forget your surgical mask .
Naomi: ピーターさんは最近インフルエンザになりましたか。(Pītā-san wa saikin infuruenza ni narimashita ka.)
Peter: 言わないでください!(Iwanaide kudasai!) Like, don’t jinx me. 今年なっていません。(Kotoshi natte imasen.) So I haven't gotten the flu this year, knock on wood.
Naomi: あ~、そうですか。じゃ、気をつけてください!みなさんも、インフルエンザに気をつけてください。(Ā, sō desu ka. Ja, ki o tsukete kudasai! Mina-san mo, infuruenza ni ki o tsukete kudasai.)
Peter: So please be careful of the flu. Okay Naomi-sensei, let's take a look at the vocabulary of this lesson.
VOCAB LIST
First word:
出張 (shucchō) [natural native speed]
business trip
出張 (shucchō) [slowly - broken down by syllable]
出張 (shucchō) [natural native speed]
Next:
回 (kai) [natural native speed]
counter for an occurrence
回 (kai) [slowly - broken down by syllable]
回 (kai) [natural native speed]
Next:
お風呂 (o-furo) [natural native speed]
bath
お風呂 (o-furo) [slowly - broken down by syllable]
お風呂 (o-furo) [natural native speed]
Next:
シャワー (shawā) [natural native speed]
shower
シャワー (shawā) [slowly - broken down by syllable]
シャワー (shawā) [natural native speed]
Next:
浴びる (abiru) [natural native speed]
to shower, to bathe
浴びる (abiru) [slowly - broken down by syllable]
浴びる (abiru) [natural native speed]
VOCAB AND PHRASE USAGE
Peter: Ok. Let's have a closer look at the usage for some of the words and phrases from this lesson.Naomi-sensei, What's the first word that we are going to look at?
Naomi: お風呂 (o-furo)
Peter: Bath. Now, actually, 風呂 (furo) is bath and the 'o' in the front of it is the honorific prefix 'o'.
Naomi: Right. You can either say 風呂 (furo) or お風呂 (o-furo).
Peter: How do you say “to take a bath”?
Naomi: お風呂に入る。(O-furo ni hairu.) に (ni) marks the direction or destination and 入る (hairu) means to enter.
Peter: So literally, it's “to enter a bath”.
Naomi: そうですね。
Peter: What's the next word?
Naomi: シャワー (shawā)
Peter: shower. How do you say “to take a shower”?
Naomi: シャワーを浴びる。(Shawā o abiru.) を (o) is an object marker and 浴びる (abiru) is “to shower”, “to bathe”, “to receive” or “to get”.
Peter: Now, you don't say お風呂を浴びる (o-furo o abiru) or シャワーに入る (shawā ni hairu).
Naomi: Hmm, Well... it doesn't sound natural to me.
Peter: In English, we use the same verb “to take” for bath and shower, but in Japanese, “To bathe” is
Naomi: お風呂に入る。(O-furo ni hairu.)
Peter: And to take a shower is
Naomi: シャワーを浴びる。 ピーターさんはシャワーとお風呂とどちらが好きですか。(Shawā o abiru. Pītā-san wa shawā to o-furo to dochira ga suki desu ka.)
Peter: So which do I prefer, taking a shower or taking a bath? そうですね…。(Sō desu ne…)
Naomi: You don't like either?
Peter: 面白いな。(Omoshiroi na.) That was good! Well, uh… やっぱり時間があれば、お風呂の方が好きですね。(Yappari jikan ga areba, o-furo no hō ga suki desu ne.)
Naomi: うん、なるほどね。(Un, naruhodo ne.)
Peter: Like if I have time, I like a bath better. A couple of quick things about the process in Japan, a very interesting question, well, I am an American and usually in the US, we shower, everything is a shower - very quick shower. But in Japan, お風呂に入る (o-furo ni hairu), it's kind of like you are going to take a shower too.
Naomi: Right.
Peter: Because, before you enter the bath or bath water, you shower your body. The Japanese have a one unit bathroom and they have a shower handle you bathe your body, and then you go into the water. So it's a trick question, if you say お風呂に入る (o-furo ni hairu), it's a kind of like you are doing both.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) You’re right.
Peter: Okay, now, back to the shower. Now this is just me… 夏は、一日二回シャワーをあびます。(Natsu wa, ichi-nichi ni-kai shawā o abimasu.)
Naomi: Ah...
Peter: So in the summer time, I shower twice.
Naomi: 一日二回。(Ichi-nichi ni-kai.) That's our next phrase.
Peter: Now you can express how often something happens by the phrase, time duration, number plus +回 (kai).
Naomi: 回 (kai) is a counter for time. For example, 一回 (ikkai)
Peter: Once.
Naomi: 二回 (ni-kai)
Peter: Twice.
Naomi: 三回 (san-kai)
Peter: Three times. Okay? Now, for example, if you want to say once a day, say the time duration first… in this case “a day,”
Naomi: いちにち (ichi-nichi)
Peter: And number plus 回 (kai)
Naomi: いっかい。一日一回 (ikkai. Ichi-nichi ikkai)
Peter: Once a day. 
Naomi: 一日二回 (ichi-nichi ni-kai)
Peter: Twice a day.
Naomi: 一日三回 (ichi-nichi san-kai)
Peter: Three times a day. Now, how do you say once a week, Naomi-sensei?
Naomi: A week is 一週間 (isshū-kan), so... 一週間に一回 (isshū-kan ni ikkai)
Peter: Once a week.
Naomi: 一週間に二回 (isshū-kan ni ni-kai)
Peter: Twice a week.
Naomi: 一週間に三回 (isshū-kan ni san-kai)
Peter: Three times a week.
Naomi: So, Peter-san…ピーターさんはよくアメリカに帰りますか。(Pītā-san wa yoku Amerika ni kaerimasu ka.) Do you often go back to the States?
Peter: そうですね。うん、最近あまり帰らないですね。(Sō desu ne. Un, saikin amari kaeranai desu ne.) So these days I don't really go back. でも年に一回帰りますよ。(Demo nen ni ikkai kaerimasu yo.)
Naomi: あ~、そうですか。(Ā, sō desu ka.) Once a year.
Peter: Okay, on to the focus point of this lesson..

Lesson focus

Peter: In this lesson, you'll learn useful phrases for asking and giving advice. You will also learn how to say that you have to do something.
Naomi: The first phrase we're going to cover is ~た方がいい (-ta hō ga ii).
Peter: “Should”. Can we hear the sentence from the dialogue?
Naomi: Sure. しばらく、会社を休んだ方がいいですね。(Shibaraku, kaisha o yasunda hō ga ii desu ne.)
Peter: You should take a few days off work.
Now 〜方がいい (-hō gaii) is a phrase that attaches to the informal past form (the ta-form) of a verb and expresses a strong suggestion. It's equivalent to “should do”. Naomi-sensei, to make this phrase polite, we simply add です (desu) to the end of it, right?
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right.
Peter: Let's illustrate it with some examples. How do you say to exercise?
Naomi: 運動する (undō suru)
Peter: The corresponding ta form or informal past form is?
Naomi: 運動した (undō shita)
Peter: We add 方がいい (hō ga ii). So we have...
Naomi: 運動した方がいい (undō shita hō ga ii)
Peter: You should exercise.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) If you want to say “You shouldn't”, attach 方がいい (hō ga ii) to the nai form of a verb.
Peter: So, the nai form or informal negative form of 運動する (undō suru) to exercise is...
Naomi: 運動しない (undō shinai)
Peter: And add 方がいい (hō ga ii). So “you shouldn't exercise” is…
Naomi: 運動しない方がいい (undō shinai hō ga ii)
Peter: To sum it up, [ta-form of a verb] plus 方がいい (hō ga ii) is “should”.
[Nai-form of a verb] plus 方がいい (hō ga ii) is “shouldn't”.
Naomi: The next phrase we're looking at is 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai).
Peter: Can you read the sentence from the dialogue?
Naomi: Sure. 出張に行かなくてはいけない。(Shucchō ni ikanakute wa ikenai.)
Peter: I have to go on a business trip.
Naomi: 出張 (shucchō) is?
Peter: Business trip.
Naomi: So 出張に行く (shucchō ni iku) is?
Peter: To go on a business trip. And 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) is
Peter: have to. The first part, なくては (nakute wa), means “If you don't do...” and the latter half, いけない (ikenai), means “you can't go.”
Naomi: うん。(Un.)
Peter: So this phrase 〜なくてはいけない (-nakute wa ikenai) literally means “If you don't do..., you can't go”, or “You can't go without doing ...” and it expresses a sense of duty or obligation. It corresponds to the auxiliary verb “must” or “have to” in English.
Naomi: The formation is a bit complicated so we recommend that you read the lesson notes.
Peter: Now let us briefly explain the formation here though. First, you need to change the verb into the nai form. For example, 行く (iku) is to go. Naomi-sensei, the nai-form is..
Naomi: 行かない (ikanai)
Peter: Second, omit the final ない (nai)
Naomi: 行かない (ikanai) becomes いか (ika)
Peter: To that attach なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai). So we get
Naomi: いか なくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai) so 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai)
Here's a sample sentence. 日曜日、会社に行かなくてはいけない。(Nichi-yōbi, kaisha ni ikanakute wa ikenai.)
Peter: I have to go to work this Sunday.
Naomi: If you want to say “I have to get up early”… To get up is 起きる (okiru).
Peter: Have to get up is…
Naomi: 起きなくてはいけない (okinakute wa ikenai) 
Peter: Early is 早く (hayaku), so…
Naomi: 早く起きなくてはいけない (hayaku okinakute wa ikenai)
Peter: I have to get up early. Naomi-sensei.
Naomi: はい。(Hai.)
Peter: ちゃ (cha) is used in a casual situation, right?
Naomi: あ~、そうですね!(Ā, sō desu ne.) Good point. Like 早く起きなくちゃ (hayaku okinakucha.) Such and such てはいけない (te wa ikenai) is replaced with ちゃ (cha). This is a colloquial expression though.
会社に行かなくちゃ (kaisha ni ikanakucha) or 早く起きなくちゃ (hayaku okinakucha)
Peter: The whole なくてはいけない (nakute wa ikenai) is like “have to” and ちゃ (cha), the contracted version is something like “gotta”.
Naomi: あ~、そうね。(Ā, sō ne.) Exactly. 行かなくてはいけない (ikanakute wa ikenai) is like “I have to go” and 行かなくちゃ (ikanakucha) is like “I've gotta go”
Peter: I think that's a great way to sum it up. Okay, that's all we have for this lesson.
Naomi: じゃ、また!(Ja, mata!)
Peter: See you next lesson.

Grammar

Japanese Grammar Made Easy - Unlock This Lesson’s Grammar Guide

Easily master this lesson’s grammar points with in-depth explanations and examples. Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Kanji

Review & Remember All Kanji from this Lesson

Get complete breakdowns, review with quizzes and download printable practice sheets! Sign up for your Free Lifetime Account Now and get 7 Days of Premium Access including this feature.

Or sign up using Facebook
Already a Member?

Comments

Hide