Dialogue

Vocabulary

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
Jessi: After this Lesson, Even You Will Understand Japanese Particles Kara and Made.
Jessi: Hi everyone, and welcome to the last lesson of the particle lesson series at JapanesePod101.com I’m Jessi and I’m joined here by Naomi-sensei.
Naomi: こんにちは。みなさん。 (Kon’nichiwa. Mina-san.)
Jessi: Thank you all for listening! So this lesson is the last lesson in this series, right? 最後のレッスンですよね?(Saigo no ressun desu yo ne?)
Naomi: そうです。最後のレッスンです。(Sō desu. Saigo no ressun desu.) Right. このシリーズを続けるかどうかわかりません。(Kono shirīzu o tsuzukeru ka dō ka wakarimasen.)
Jessi: We don’t know whether we’ll continue this series or not. 
続けるかどうか・・・(Tsuzukeru ka dō ka…) Actually, we covered this usage of か (ka) in the previous lesson, right?
Naomi: そうです。(Sō desu.)
Jessi: So, which particles will we be going over in this lesson?
Naomi: In this lesson we’re going to review the usage of the particles から (kara) and まで (made).
Jessi: The conversation is between two people, correct?
Naomi: Right. 佐藤けい子さんと校長先生です。(Satō Keiko-san to kōchō sensei desu.)
Jessi: Keiko Sato and the school principal. And where does this conversation take place?
Naomi: 学校 (gakkō) “at school.” 多分先生の部屋ですね。(Tabun sensei no heya desu ne.)
Jessi: Probably in the staff room. And it looks like they’re going to have a party. So listen closely to find out what kind of party it is and also when and where it is. Now let’s listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
校長先生:この学校に 来てから1週間ですね。(Kono gakkō ni kite kara isshūkan desu ne.)
: どうですか。慣れましたか。(Dō desu ka. Naremashita ka.)
佐藤けい子:はい。(Hai.)
校長先生:今日、7時から あなたの歓迎会を しますから、来てくださいね。(Kyō, shichi-ji kara anata no kangeikai o shimasu kara, kite kudasai ne.)
佐藤けい子:ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.)
: 何時くらいまでですか。(Nan-ji kurai made desu ka.)
校長先生:たぶん、7時から9時までだ と思いますよ。(Tabun, shichi-ji kara ku-ji made da to omoimasu yo.)
: 場所は、駅の前のバーイノベーティブです。(Basho wa, eki no mae no bā innovative desu.)
もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.)
校長先生:この学校に 来てから1週間ですね。(Kono gakkō ni kite kara isshūkan desu ne.)
: どうですか。慣れましたか。(Dō desu ka. Naremashita ka.)
佐藤けい子:はい。(Hai.)
校長先生:今日、7時から あなたの歓迎会を しますから、来てくださいね。(Kyō, shichi-ji kara anata no kangeikai o shimasu kara, kite kudasai ne.)
佐藤けい子:ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.)
: 何時くらいまでですか。(Nan-ji kurai made desu ka.)
校長先生:たぶん、7時から9時までだ と思いますよ。(Tabun, shichi-ji kara ku-ji made da to omoimasu yo.)
: 場所は、駅の前のバーイノベーティブです。(Basho wa, eki no mae no bā innovative desu.)
今度は英語が入ります。(Kondo wa Eigo ga hairimasu.)
校長先生:この学校に 来てから1週間ですね。(Kono gakkō ni kite kara isshūkan desu ne.)
Jessi: It's been a week since you came to this school!
: どうですか。慣れましたか。(Dō desu ka. Naremashita ka.)
Jessi: How is it? Have you gotten used to it?
佐藤けい子:はい。(Hai.)
Jessi: Yes.
校長先生:今日、7時から あなたの歓迎会を しますから、来てくださいね。(Kyō, shichi-ji kara anata no kangeikai o shimasu kara, kite kudasai ne.)
Jessi: Today, we'll be having your welcome party at seven o'clock, so please come!
佐藤けい子:ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.)
Jessi: Thank you very much!
: 何時くらいまでですか。(Nan-ji kurai made desu ka.)
Jessi: Until what time does it go?
校長先生:たぶん、7時から9時までだ と思いますよ。(Tabun, shichi-ji kara ku-ji made da to omoimasu yo.)
Jessi: It'll probably be from seven until nine, I think.
: 場所は、駅の前のバーイノベーティブです。(Basho wa, eki no mae no bā innovative desu.)
Jessi: It'll be at Bar Innovative, in front of the station.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
Naomi: 歓迎会 “welcome party” をするんですね。(Kangeikai o suru n desu ne.)
Jessi: Yes. So they’re going to hold a welcome party for Keiko. That’s really nice of them.
Naomi: そうですね!あ、ジェシーさん。(Sō desu ne! A, Jeshī-san.) I’ve got an idea. Why don’t we review the dialogue with a quiz?
Jessi: Oh, that sounds good.
Naomi: Here’s the first question. 歓迎会は何時からですか。(Kangeikai wa nan-ji kara desu ka.)
Jessi: Can we hear the question one more time?
Naomi: 歓迎会は何時からですか。(Kangeikai wa nan-ji kara desu ka.) “What time is the party?” じゃ、ジェシーさん。答えは?(Ja, Jeshī-san. Kotae wa?)
Jessi: 7時からです。(Shichi-ji kara desu.) “It’s at 7”, or literally, “it’s from 7”.
Naomi: Did you get that? Now on to the next question. バー Innovative はどこですか。(Bā Innovative wa doko desu ka.)
Jessi: Can you say the question again? もう一度おねがいします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu.)
Naomi: はい。バーinnovative はどこですか。(Hai. Bā innovative wa doko desu ka.) “Where’s Bar Innovative?” じゃ、ジェシーさん。答えは何ですか。(Ja, Jeshī-san. Kotae wa nan desu ka.) What’s the answer?
Jessi: The answer is, 駅の前です。(Eki no mae desu.) It’s in front of the station.
Jessi: If you didn’t get those answers right, please listen to the dialogue again.
Naomi: はい、お願いします。(Hai, onegai shimasu.)

Lesson focus

Jessi: In this lesson, you'll review the usage of the particles から (kara) and まで (made).
Naomi: In lesson 5 and 6, we learned the usage of “[such and such] から (kara) [such and such] まで (made)”
Jessi: Both から (kara) and まで (made) are used after a noun. から (kara) marks the starting point such as a place or time, and まで (made) marks the limitation or extent. They are often used in a pair together. Can we hear a sample sentence?
Naomi: はい。ここから、空港まで何分かかりますか。(Hai. Koko kara, kūkō made nan-pun kakarimasu ka.) "How long does it take to get to the airport from here?"
Jessi: So we have ここから (koko kara) “from here”, 空港まで (kūkō made) “to the airport.”
Of course you can also use から (kara) and まで (made) individually.
Naomi: Right.
In lesson 6, we studied the sentence 今日から、ダイエットをします。(Kyō kara, daietto o shimasu.) “I'll be on a diet starting today.”
今日から (kyō kara) is “from today” or “starting from today.” 明日から (ashita kara) is “from tomorrow” or “starting from tomorrow”.
I keep saying 明日からダイエットする。(Ashita kara daietto suru.) “I'll go on a diet starting tomorrow.” でも、その明日は絶対来ないの。(Demo, sono ashita wa zettai konai no.) (笑)
Jessi: But that tomorrow never comes for you! OK. So let’s review more ways to use から (kara) first.
In Lesson 15, you learned that から (kara) marks the material something is made from. For example?
Naomi: ぶどうからワインを作る。(Budō kara wain o tsukuru.) ”I make wine from grapes.”
Jessi: ぶどうから (budō kara) means “from grapes”. ワインを作る (wain o tsukuru) means “to make wine”.
Can we hear the sentence again?
Naomi: Sure. ぶどうからワインを作る。(Budō kara wain o tsukuru.)
Jessi: So if you want to say “to make Sake from rice”, that would be… 
Naomi: Sake is 酒 (sake) and Rice is 米 (kome). So… 米から酒を作る (kome kara sake o tsukuru) “to make sake from rice”.
Jessi: In Lesson 18, you learned that から (kara) also indicates a reason
Naomi: Actually, this から (kara) is not a particle but a conjunction.
Jessi: That’s right. The conjunction から (kara) comes after a sentence that gives some kind of cause or reason. It corresponds to "because" or "since" in English.
So let’s hear a sample sentence that uses から (kara).
Naomi: その店は安いから人気がある。(Sono mise wa yasui kara ninki ga aru.) “That store is popular because it's inexpensive.”
Jessi: And から (kara) also follows the te-form of a verb to mean "after (the action takes place)" or "since (the action takes place)."
Naomi: うーん。(Ūn.) It sounds a bit complicated, but here’s a sample sentence. メールをチェックしてから、寝ます。(Mēru o chekku shite kara, nemasu.) “After checking my e-mail, I go to bed.”
Jessi: So チェックして (chekku shite) is the te-form of チェックする (chekku suru) “to check”. So…チェックしてから (chekku shite kara) means “after checking something.”
Naomi: Right.
Jessi: And then 寝ます (nemasu) is “to go to bed”.
So can we hear that whole sentence again?
Naomi: Sure. メールをチェックしてから、寝ます。(Mēru o chekku shite kara, nemasu.) ”After checking my e-mail, I go to bed.”
Jessi: OK. On to the next particle まで (made).
In lesson 6, you learned that the particle まで (made) marks the time or place an action ends. It's equivalent to "until" or “to” in English.
Naomi: はい。(Hai.) Here’s a sample sentence. ミーティングは五時までです。(Mītingu wa go-ji made desu.)
Jessi: Literally “The meeting is until five.” In more natural English, that would be “The meeting finishes at five.”
So まで (made) also indicates the limit, extent or something unexpected. It corresponds to "as far as", "up to", or "even" in English.
Naomi: For example, 子供まで自分の携帯電話を持っている。(Kodomo made jibun no keitai denwa o motte iru.)
Jessi: “Even children have their own cell phones.”
まで (made) as in 子供まで (kodomo made) expresses extent, as in “even children”. 自分の携帯電話 (jibun no keitai denwa) “their own cell phones”, 持っている (motte iru) ”to have”. Can we hear this sentence again?
Naomi: 子供まで自分の携帯電話を持っている。(Kodomo made jibun no keitai denwa o motte iru.)
Jessi: “Even children have their own cell phones.”
For the speaker, children having their own cell phones is something unexpected.
Naomi: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) Right. 子供まで? (Kodomo made?) “Even children?!”
Jessi: Right, right.
Naomi: Speaking of まで (made), there was a very old song called “骨まで愛して” (‘Hone made aishite’).
Jessi: 骨まで愛して??(Hone made aishite??)
骨 (hone) is “bone”, right ?
Naomi: Right.
Jessi: So maybe something like, “Love Me to the Bone”?
Naomi: Right. Nobody expects to hear that. So 骨まで愛して (hone made aishite) is asking to love even one’s bones. Kind of weird though.
Jessi: Yeah, I’ve never heard of that before! But it’s a song title, right? So they get to be kind of creative.
Naomi: At least it’s catchy!
Jessi: Right!
In this lesson you reviewed the usage of particle から (kara) and まで (made).
Let’s recap this lesson with some quiz.
I’m going to read a sentence in English. Your job is to choose the best translation from the choices provided. Are you ready? Here’s the sentence.
“I make wine from grapes.”
Naomi: 1. ワインからぶどうを作る。(Wain kara budō o tsukuru.)
2. ぶどうからワインを作る。(Budō kara wain o tsukuru.)
Jessi: The answer is?
Naomi: 2. ぶどうからワインを作る。(Budō kara wain o tsukuru.) ”I make wine from grapes.”
Jessi: Remember that から (kara) marks the material something is made from, so it’s placed after that material.
Choice 1. ワインからぶどうを作る。(Wain kara budō o tsukuru.) is backwards. It means “I make grapes out of wine.”
That would be interesting if you could do that!
OK, and now the next question.
How do you say:
“Even children have their own cell phones”?
Naomi: 1. 子供から携帯を持っている。(Kodomo kara keitai o motte iru.)
2. 子供まで携帯を持っている。(Kodomo made keitai o motte iru.)
Jessi: And the answer is?
Naomi: 2. 子供まで携帯を持っている。(Kodomo made keitai o motte iru.) “Even children have their own cell phones.”
Jessi: まで (made) indicates the limit, extent or something unexpected.
So 子供まで (kodomo made) is “even children”.
And how about Choice 1?
Naomi: 子供から携帯を持っている。(Kodomo kara keitai o motte iru.) Well the meaning turns out a bit close though. 子供から (kodomo kara) means “from child” or “from their childhood” in this case. So 子供から携帯を持っている。(Kodomo kara keitai o motte iru.) means “People start having cell phones from childhood”.
Jessi: But it doesn’t have the meaning of “even children”, right?
Naomi: No.
Jessi: All right . Well, that’s all for this lesson and for this series.
Naomi: はい。(Hai.)
Jessi: Thank you very much, everyone, for listening to this particle series. A lot of Japanese learners find particles tough, so we really hope you have found this set of lessons helpful for figuring them out!
Naomi: 聞いてくれてありがとうございました。(Kiite kurete arigatō gozaimashita.) Thanks for listening. コメント待っています。(Komento matte imasu.) We’ll be looking forward to your feedback. それでは。さようなら。(Soredewa. Sayōnara.)
Jessi: Bye, everyone!
DIALOGUE
校長先生:この学校に 来てから1週間ですね。(Kono gakkō ni kite kara isshūkan desu ne.)
: どうですか。慣れましたか。(Dō desu ka. Naremashita ka.)
佐藤けい子:はい。(Hai.)
校長先生:今日、7時から あなたの歓迎会を しますから、来てくださいね。(Kyō, shichi-ji kara anata no kangeikai o shimasu kara, kite kudasai ne.)
佐藤けい子:ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.)
: 何時くらいまでですか。(Nan-ji kurai made desu ka.)
校長先生:たぶん、7時から9時までだ と思いますよ。(Tabun, shichi-ji kara ku-ji made da to omoimasu yo.)
: 場所は、駅の前のバーイノベーティブです。(Basho wa, eki no mae no bā innovative desu.)

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