Learn about the conjunction indicating that an action or state expressed in the subordinate clause occurs or may occur (conditional) before the one(s) expressed in the main clause
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| INTRODUCTION |
| Sakura: さくらです。(Sakura desu.) |
| Megumi: めぐみです。(Megumi desu.) |
| Peter: Peter here. Beginner lesson #153. Sakura-san, |
| Sakura: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: Today is the day that changes your life. |
| Sakura: そう！(Sō!) |
| Peter: Megumi-san is in the studio again. |
| Sakura: Yeay! |
| Peter: And it’s just a matter of time before I am replaced by… |
| Sakura: やったー！ (Yattā!) |
| Peter: Calm down, Sakura-san. I know you are going to miss me so much. |
| Sakura: Haha! |
| Peter: 終わりましたか。(Owarimashita ka.) |
| Sakura: はい、すいません。(Hai, suimasen.) |
| Peter: ありがとうございます。(Arigatō gozaimasu.) |
| Sakura: はい。(Hai.) |
| Peter: But yes, it’s time to spread the wealth. So Megumi-san will be joining the team. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Yes. Everybody is really happy. Megumi-san, welcome to the team. It is great to have you here. |
| Megumi: Well thank you, it’s great to be here. |
| Peter: Yes, it is Sakura-san, how great it is to be here. |
| Sakura: ああ、もう最高、嬉しい。(Ā, mō saikō, ureshii.) |
| Peter: 待ち遠しい日がきましたね。(Machidōshii hi ga kimashita ne.) |
| Sakura: ええ、ほんと。(Ee, honto.) |
| Peter: Your long-awaited day. |
| Sakura: そうなの。(Sō na no.) |
| Peter: The day you get to work with another female. |
| Sakura: Yeah! |
| Peter: So Megumi-san, you picked one heck of a day to join in. We are now talking about conditionals. So we are putting you… |
| Sakura: あ、ごめんごめん。(A, gomen gomen.) |
| Peter: Sakura-san knows how hard it is. So we are putting you to the test right away. Now in addition, Sakura-san, so many changes going on here. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Lots of new voice actors. Today Yoshiaki is back. |
| Sakura: Ah! |
| Peter: Now Yoshiaki is aiming to be a professional voice actor and he is paired with another actress. |
| Sakura: Yes! |
| Peter: Can I say another here? Now it doesn’t work. He is paired with an actress. |
| Sakura: そうね。(Sō ne.) |
| Peter: Now she - ウシジマさん (Ushijima-san) is a very talented actress and they are together for the first time today. |
| Sakura: 楽しみですね。(Tanoshimi desu ne.) |
| Peter: そうですね。(Sō desu ne.) So Megumi-san, you are really thrown right into the fire. |
| Megumi: Well that’s exciting. |
| Peter: All right. That’s the response we are hoping for. Okay, now that we’ve introduced all these new faces, let’s give you a little bit of background about today’s conversation. This conversation is between a brother and a sister. And the brother is in his room in front of a mirror practicing for something. さくらさん、懐かしいですか。(Sakura-san, natsukashii desu ka.) |
| Sakura: え、なんで？(E, nande?) |
| Peter: I don’t know. Just なんとなく (nantonaku). I don’t know. I see it. I can see you doing this. |
| Sakura: Those days みたいな (mitai na)? |
| Peter: Those days yesterday. Back on track. It’s only a few more lessons like this Sakura-san and then you have freedom. |
| Sakura: Yes! |
| Peter: Okay, so with the conversation set, let’s take a listen to these two experts at work. Here we go. |
| DIALOGUE |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : 明子さん、やあ、こんにちは！元気ですか。ああ、よかった！あの、今週の金曜日なんですが、もしよかったら一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(Akiko-san, yā, kon’nichiwa! Genki desu ka. Ā, yokatta! Ano, konshū no kin-yōbi nan desu ga, moshi yokattara issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) |
| いや、だめだ。明子さん、どうも。今日もしよかったら、山下公園で散歩しないかい？(Iya, dame da. Akiko-san, dōmo. Kyō moshi yokattara, Yamashita kōen de sanpo shinai kai?) |
| いやいや、これもよくない。ずっと声をかけたかったんだけど、よかったらこの僕と結婚してくれないかい？(Iya iya, kore mo yokunai. Zutto koe o kaketakatta n da kedo, yokattara kono boku to kekkon shite kurenai kai?) |
| 妹 (imōto) : ははははは！お兄さんは馬鹿ね。(Hahahahaha! O-nii-san wa baka ne.) |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : こら！いつから聞いてた！(Kora! Itsu kara kiite ta!) |
| 妹 (imōto) : もしよかったら、もしよかったら、明子さん、あたしの馬鹿なお兄さんと付き合ってあげて。ははははは！(Moshi yokattara, moshi yokattara, Akiko-san, atashi no baka na o-nii-san to tsukiatte agete. Hahahahaha!) |
| Yoshiaki: もう一度お願いします。今度はゆっくりお願いします。(Mō ichi-do onegai shimasu. Kondo wa yukkuri onegai shimasu.) |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : 明子さん、やあ、こんにちは！元気ですか。ああ、よかった！あの、今週の金曜日なんですが、もしよかったら一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(Akiko-san, yā, kon’nichiwa! Genki desu ka. Ā, yokatta! Ano, konshū no kin-yōbi nan desu ga, moshi yokattara issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) |
| いや、だめだ。明子さん、どうも。今日もしよかったら、山下公園で散歩しないかい？(Iya, dame da. Akiko-san, dōmo. Kyō moshi yokattara, Yamashita kōen de sanpo shinai kai?) |
| いやいや、これもよくない。ずっと声をかけたかったんだけど、もしよかったらこの僕と結婚してくれない？(Iya iya, kore mo yokunai. Zutto koe o kaketakatta n da kedo, moshi yokattara, kono boku to kekkon shite kurenai?) |
| 妹 (imōto) : ははははは！お兄さんは馬鹿ね。(Hahahahaha! O-nii-san wa baka ne.) |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : こら！いつから聞いてた！(Kora! Itsu kara kiite ta!) |
| 妹 (imōto) : もしよかったら、もしよかったら、明子さん、あたしの馬鹿なお兄さんと付き合ってあげて。ははははは！(Moshi yokattara, moshi yokattara, Akiko-san, atashi no baka na o-nii-san to tsukiatte agete. Hahahahaha!) |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : 明子さん、やあ、こんにちは！元気ですか。ああ、よかった！あの、今週の金曜日なんですが、もしよかったら一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(Akiko-san, yā, kon’nichiwa! Genki desu ka. Ā, yokatta! Ano, konshū no kin-yōbi nan desu ga, moshi yokattara issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) |
| YOSHIAKI: Hey, good afternoon. How are you? Oh, that's good! Hmmm, this Friday, if it's alright with you, won't you have dinner together? |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : いや、だめだ。明子さん、どうも。今日もしよかったら、山下公園で散歩しないかい？(Iya, dame da. Akiko-san, dōmo. Kyō moshi yokattara, Yamashita kōen de sanpo shinai kai?) |
| YOSHIAKI: No, that's no good. Akiko, hey. If it's alright with you, how about a stroll in Yamashita Park? |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : いやいや、これもよくない。ずっと声をかけたかったんだけど、よかったらこの僕と結婚してくれないかい？(Iya iya, kore mo yokunai. Zutto koe o kaketakatta n da kedo, yokattara kono boku to kekkon shite kurenai kai?) |
| YOSHIAKI: Nah, this also isn't good. I've been wanting to talk to you for a long time, will you marry me? |
| 妹 (imōto) : ははははは！お兄さんは馬鹿ね。(Hahahahaha! O-nii-san wa baka ne.) |
| LITTLE SISTER: Hahahaha! You're a fool, aren't you, big brother. |
| よしあき (Yoshiaki) : こら！いつから聞いてた！(Kora! Itsu kara kiite ta!) |
| YOSHIAKI: Hey! Since when were you listening? |
| 妹 (imōto) : もしよかったら、もしよかったら、明子さん、あたしの馬鹿なお兄さんと付き合ってあげて。ははははは！(Moshi yokattara, moshi yokattara, Akiko-san, atashi no baka na o-nii-san to tsukiatte agete. Hahahahaha!) |
| LITTLE SISTER: If it's alright, if it's alright, Akiko, please date my big brother? Hahahaha. |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| Megumi: Now Sakura-san, |
| Sakura: はい。(Hai.) |
| Megumi: 今日の会話はどう思いましたか。(Kyō no kaiwa wa dō omoimashita ka.) |
| Sakura: 面白かった。(Omoshirokatta.) |
| Megumi: そうですね。やっぱり恥ずかしいですね。(Sō desu ne. Yappari hazukashii desu ne.) |
| Sakura: Embarrassing だよね (da yo ne). |
| Megumi: ねー、もう。(Nē, mō.) All right, now let’s get into the vocab. Sakura-san, first word をお願いします (o onegaishimasu). |
| VOCAB LIST |
| Sakura: 一緒に (issho ni) |
| Megumi: Together. |
| Sakura: (slow) いっしょに (issho ni) (natural speed) 一緒に (issho ni) |
| Megumi: All right. Now the next word. |
| Sakura: 晩ご飯 (bangohan) |
| Megumi: Dinner. Evening meal. |
| Sakura: (slow) ばんごはん (bangohan) (natural speed) 晩ご飯 (bangohan) |
| Megumi: Now can you tell me what breakfast and lunch is in Japanese? |
| Sakura: Breakfast が朝ご飯 (ga asagohan), lunch is 昼ご飯 (hirugohan). |
| Megumi: Thank you. Now the word, next word please. |
| Sakura: 声 (koe) |
| Megumi: Voice. 例文をお願いします。(Reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Sakura: 向こうから、誰かの声が聞こえてきます。(Mukō kara, dareka no koe ga kikoete kimasu.) |
| Megumi: From yonder, I hear somebody’s voice. |
| Peter: Yonder. |
| Sakura: 呼んだー！(Yondā!) |
| Peter: Yonder? |
| Sakura: 素晴らしい。(Subarashii.) |
| Peter: All right, English and Japanese practice, yonder. |
| Megumi: Yes. Next word, please. |
| Sakura: 低い (hikui) |
| Megumi: Short, low, humble. 例文をお願いします。(Reibun o onegai shimasu.) |
| Sakura: 彼は彼女より背が低い。(Kare wa kanojo yori se ga hikui.) |
| Megumi: He is shorter than her. |
| Sakura: 低い (hikui), it means short as in how tall you are but basically it means low unlike Japanese and see like how tall you are as low and high like your height you know, low high. So 高い (takai) and 低い (hikui). |
| Megumi: Next word. |
| Sakura: 公園 (kōen) |
| Megumi: Public Park. |
| Sakura: (slow) こうえん (kōen) (natural speed) 公園 (kōen) |
| Megumi: Next word. |
| Sakura: 散歩 (sanpo) |
| Megumi: Walk or stroll. |
| Sakura: (slow) さんぽ (sanpo) (natural speed) 散歩 (sanpo) |
| Peter: Now this is a noun. Sakura-san, how do we make this into a verb? |
| Sakura: 散歩する (sanpo suru) |
| Peter: This is another case that we can use する (suru) to make it into a verb. In Japanese, there are lots and lots of these words. Compound nouns that can be turned into verbs by adding する (suru). |
| Sakura: And sometimes we also say 散歩をする (sanpo o suru), whichever is okay. |
| Megumi: Now Sakura-san, the brother is standing in front of the mirror practicing his lines. Can you read the first few lines? |
| Sakura: 明子さん、やあ、こんにちは！元気ですか。ああ、よかった！あの、今週の金曜日なんですが、もしよかったら一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(Akiko-san, yā, kon’nichiwa! Genki desu ka. Ā, yokatta! Ano, konshū no kin-yōbi nan desu ga, moshi yokattara issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) That’s long! |
| Peter: Long but full of great information. |
| Sakura: Umm. |
| Peter: And Sakura-san, we are up to conditionals now. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Now there are almost no limits, no restraints on what we can do. So we got up to this point where he is talking to himself. He is imagining this conversation where he is talking to her and it's going pretty well from what we can tell. |
| Sakura: Umm. |
| Peter: He greeted her, asked her hello and she responded, very nice start. Then, we get into the details when he makes his approach and asks her if she is free on Friday. Okay Sakura-san, can you give us that sentence, one more time? The full sentence from the beginning. |
| Sakura: あの、今週の金曜日なんですが、もしよかったら一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(Ano, konshū no kin-yōbi nan desu ga, moshi yokattara issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| Peter: Now Megumi-san, what kind of a grammar point do we have here today? |
| Megumi: A subordinate conjunction. |
| Peter: Okay, and can you tell us about that? |
| Megumi: Well it connects two phrases or clauses and it’s subordinate because it introduces the dependent clause. |
| Peter: Which is in this case? |
| Megumi: In this case, the subordinate conjunction is もしよかったら (moshi yokattara). |
| Peter: If it’s all right, if it’s okay. Now Sakura-san, this phrase もしよかったら (moshi yokattara) is used quite often, right? |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: In many different types of situations. Let’s just take a closer look at this. We have よかったら (yokattara). Now how do we get here? Let’s take it down to the base. Originally what is this word? |
| Sakura: よい (yoi) |
| Peter: Meaning good. Now to make it into a subordinate conjunctive, we need the past tense plus ら (ra). So what’s the past tense of よい (yoi)? |
| Sakura: よかった (yokatta) |
| Peter: Then we attach |
| Sakura: ら (ra) |
| Peter: To get |
| Sakura: よかったら (yokattara) |
| Peter: Now もし (moshi) is often paired with conditionals. よかったら (yokattara) on its own can mean the same thing but もし (moshi) is a key indicator that you are going to have some kind of subordinate clause. Okay, and here we have, if it’s all right and what does he ask? |
| Sakura: 一緒に晩ご飯を食べませんか。(issho ni bangohan o tabemasen ka.) |
| Megumi: Which means won’t you have dinner with me? |
| Peter: Now that’s the literal translation. If we kind of turned it into more natural English, what would you say? |
| Megumi: Do you want to grab a bite to eat? |
| Peter: Very romantic, Megumi-san. I was thinking something along the lines of, shall we have dinner together, but hey if you want to grab a bite to eat. |
| Megumi: That’s how I do it. |
| Peter: Perfect. Now this appears again throughout the dialogue. Sakura-san, can you run the rest of these lines down for us just the ones with もしよかったら (moshi yokattara)? |
| Sakura: 今日もしよかったら (Kyō moshi yokattara) |
| Peter: Today if it’s all right. |
| Sakura: 山下公園で散歩しないかい？(Yamashita kōen de sanpo shinai kai?) |
| Peter: Shall we go for a stroll in Yamashita Park? Now Sakura-san, that かい (kai) was so adorable. Can you just give me one more, 散歩しないかい (sanpo shinai kai)? |
| Sakura: 散歩しないかい？ん？(Sanpo shinai kai? N?) |
| Peter: Now this is kind of a very masculine word. |
| Sakura: あ、そうだね。あ、そっか。(A, sō da ne. A, sokka.) |
| Peter: And hearing you say it was just very interesting. Again this is very, very informal Japanese. |
| Sakura: Yes. |
| Peter: Here he is playing the role of a very macho guy. |
| Sakura: そうだね。(Sō da ne.) |
| Peter: You hear his voice, a very tough guy. |
| Sakura: ああ、そうかも。(Ā, sō kamo.) So like… |
| Peter: 散歩しないかい？(Sanpo shinai kai?) |
| Sakura: So if it is not masculine, it will be 散歩しない (sanpo shinai)? |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Sakura: That’s natural for any female. |
| Peter: Yeah. |
| Sakura: Girls. |
| Peter: Girls but yeah we just want to point out here that this is very, very informal masculine language. |
| Sakura: そうだね、うん。(Sō da ne, un.) |
| Peter: Next we have |
| Sakura: もしよかったら (moshi yokattara) |
| Megumi: If it’s all right. |
| Sakura: この私と結婚してくれない？(kono watashi to kekkon shite kurenai?) |
| Megumi: Won’t you marry me? |
| Sakura: Uh… |
| Peter: Two proposals, one in Japanese and one in English. Very nice. And finally, the little sister chimes in. |
| Sakura: もしよかったら (moshi yokattara) |
| Megumi: If it’s all right. |
| Sakura: 明子さん、あたしの馬鹿なお兄さんと付き合ってあげて。(Akiko-san, atashi no baka na o-nii-san to tsukiatte agete.) |
| Megumi: Won’t you date my stupid brother? |
| Sakura: 明子さん (Akiko-san) |
| Peter: Now a few things that we want to point out. When talking about marrying me or talking about please date my brother, we are using the te-form plus giving and receiving verbs. |
| Sakura: うん。(Un.) |
| Peter: So we wanted to point this out. Okay, we ran a bit long today but we had a really good lesson. Right, Sakura-san? |
| Sakura: 楽しかったです。(Tanoshikatta desu.) |
| Peter: And how was your glimpse into the future? |
| Sakura: すごい楽しみです。(Sugoi tanoshimi desu.) Can’t wait. |
| Peter: Megumi-san, it was a pleasure having you here. |
| Megumi: Oh, it’s my delight. |
| Peter: Yes, and we are looking very forward to having you around from now on. |
| Sakura: Great. |
| Peter: Welcome to the team. |
| Megumi: Hah thank you very much. It’s so fun today. |
Outro |
| Peter: Yes. Well when Sakura-san is in the studio, I will stop. All right, that’s going to do for today. |
| Sakura: また明日ね。(Mata ashita ne.) |
| Megumi: バイバイ。(Baibai.) |
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