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Advanced Japanese Lesson: 秋の月

本日は、秋の夜の和歌を紹介しましょう。

古今東西、「夜」をテーマにした文学作品は多く見られますが、日本の詩や和歌(短歌)、俳句では、星よりも圧倒的に月を扱った作品が数の上で勝っています。これは、日本人が折々に月を見上げ、その満ち欠けに自分の人生や感情を投影していたことを表わしているからでしょう。また、秋の日本の上空は空気が澄み、晴天の日も多いことから月が美しく見えます。よって、俳句で「月」と出てきたら秋の情景を詠んだものである、と考えて間違いないほどです。

月見れば 千々(ちぢ)に物こそ悲しけれ 我が身一つの 秋にはあらねど
大江千里(おおえのちさと)

意味は、「月を見ていると、心が様々に思い乱れて悲しいものだなぁ。私一人の身の上に秋がやってきたわけではないけれど」。日本人にとって、秋はどことなく物悲しい気分になる季節です。身の周りを秋の景物が取り巻くようになると、月を見上げながら、自分だけが特別にセンチメンタルな気持ちになってきます。

ちなみに、「ちぢ」の「ぢ」は「じ」と発音し、「一つ」「一個」の「つ」や「個」と同じ意味です。つまり、「ちぢ」とは「千個」のことで、大変に数が多い様子を表わしています。

月を見るという行為で、明るく幸福な気持ちになるというよりは、悲しく淋しい気持ちになるのが日本人。だから、この和歌に共感する人が多く、今日まで伝えられているのでしょう。

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Today, let me introduce you to a “waka”, a 31 syllabic poem from an autumn evening.

Literary works with a night theme can be found throughout the ages, and with Japanese poetry such as the “waka”, “tanka” and “haiku”, the mentioning of the moon outnumbers references to stars by far.  This is because it is said that the Japanese would glance up at the moon from time to time and would feel that their lives and emotions were being projected onto the moon. Also, the skies are often clear during the autumn season, which means that the moon is very visible.  Therefore, when the moon is mentioned in a “haiku”, it is said to represent the autumn season..

The Moon
I feel some loneliness
Like thousands of waves
While the autumn comes
Not only to me alone.
– by Chisato Oe.

This means: “When I look at the moon, my heart feels worried in various ways, although I know that autumn hasn’t only fallen upon myself.”

For the Japanese, autumn carries somewhat of melancholic feel. While autumn slowly finds its way into surroundings, one feels particularly sentimental when glancing up at the moon.

On a side note, the “ぢ” ji in “ちぢ” is pronounced the same as “じ” ji, and has the same meaning as the “つ” tsu and “個” ko in “一つ” hitotsu and “一個” ikko. In other words “ちぢ” means “千個” and describes that there are many in number.

Instead of feeling happiness and joy when looking at the moon, the Japanese feel loneliness and sadness. Even today, people can still relate to feelings portrayed in this “waka”, which is why it has been passed down for so long.