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Advanced Japanese: 神無月(Kannazuki)

昔、日本で使っていた暦の十月は「神無月」と呼ばれますが、読めますか?

初めは漢字の通り「かみなづき」と読んでいましたが、そのうち発音しやすいように「かんなづき」と読み方が変化しました。

日本には八百万(やおよろづ…「づ」は昔の表記で、読み方は「ず」で良い)もの多くの神々が存在する、と信じられていました。その神様が十月になると一斉に出雲大社(「いづ(ず)もたいしゃ」と読む。現在の島根県にある大きな神社)に集まるのだそうです。すると、出雲以外の全国津々浦々には神様がいなくなってしまうため、「神様が無くなる月」と表わしたのですね。これ以外にも、雷の音がしなくなるので「雷無(かみなし)月」と呼ばれ始めたのだ、という説もあります。

あるいは、秋に新しくとれた米や穀物で酒を醸造する月というので「醸成(かみなし)月」(「醸」の漢字は「かもす」と読み、「酒や醤油などを作る」意味。「成」は「なる」と読み、「~を作る、~にする」意味)という説もあります。

さらに、この季節にはしばしば、降ったりやんだりするにわか雨に見舞われるため、その雨の名称を用いて「時雨(しぐれ)月」という別の呼び方もあります。

ちなみに、現在のカレンダーで十月は秋ですが、当時は冬にあたりました。

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Old Japanese calenders that were used in the past referred to October as「神無月」- can you read this word?

At first, it was read according to the readings of the kanji: Kaminazuki, but before long the reading turned into Kan’nazuki, which was easier to pronounce.

Japanese believed in the existence of eight million gods, referred to collectively as Yaoyorozu (八百万). It is said that every October, these eight million gods converge at Izumo Taisha Shrine, which is a big shrine located in Shimane prefecture. When this happens, the gods disappear from all over the country (except Izumo),  which is expressed in the name 神無月: The month (月) that the gods (神) disappear (無くなる).

There is also a theory that says October started to be known as Kaminashizuki (雷無月) because you wouldn’t hear the sound of thunder (雷) anymore.

Another theory says that the name Kaminashizuki (醸成月) came about because October is the month when sake is brewed from freshly harvested rice and grain. The kanji 醸 is read as “kamosu”, and it means “to make (things such as) sake and soy sauce”. The kanji 成 is read as “naru”, and it means “to make”.

In addition, because it is a season where we see a lot of light rain falling on and off, this month is also called Shigurezuki (時雨月).

Incidentally, while October falls under autumn in the current calender, in the past it was considered part of winter.