けんじ君,
The explanation for that is in the PDF as well
>>As stated above, iru can be used for some non-living machines that are capable of moving from place to place. These examples are idiomatic and quite high level. You may hear native Japanese speakers use them, but if this point is confusing, you would not be incorrect using aru. We just wanted to include them for a little fun. Note the differences where iru and aru are used below.

So basically, both are correct!

Please reply.

“Eto” for me is more of a thinking noise, for example when the teacher asks you a question and you’re thinking about the answer, while “ano” is often used to precede a question. Hope this helps!

Sora desu. This is the first time i leave a reply. I am going to live in Japan, Osaka. That is why i need to study Japanese in the fastest way. Good luck to us!
Have a wonderful weekend. …Japanese is hard. I am confused about the order of the sentence and sometimes the short form, polite, or…even the kanji…too…maybe i have messed up…

また今日ね。

Oyasashii n de gozaimasu ne! Seems I took a little bit more on my plate (pardon the pun) than I could handle yet, grammar-wise (which I alway seem to do), but your patience and knowledge are nonetheless much appreciated! Arigato!

Iwakuraさん：　

1. The subject or ‘topic’ in Japanese is ALWAYS followed by wa. So in the first sentence the topic is ‘hito’. In the second it’s ‘anata no heya’.

2. Yes, you can drop wa. Wa exists in this sentence in order to draw attention to the fact that you’re talking about the room.

3. Yes, except it’s ‘to’ (with) rather than ‘wo’: daremo neko to asondeimasen.
Your second sentence should be: watashi no sara ni wa nanimo arimasen. (you don’t need ‘ue’ or ‘ga’).

4. 更に　(sara ni) - it’s a set phrase, but the kanji 更　means literally ‘new; obvious; natural’. I’m honestly not sure of the etymology of it, but you can draw your own conclusions!

1) Sono heya ni hito wa nannin ga imasu ka? -> How many people are in that room?
2) Anata no heya ni wa nani ga arimasu ka? -> What’s in your room?

What exactly is the subject in these sentences? In the first, it seems to be ‘hito.’ But in the second, the topic marker ‘wa’ follows just temporal clause.

In an earlier Lesson, we learnt the following constructs:

[thing] wa [place] ni imasu
[person/place] (ni)wa [thing] ga imasu

So as to say,

Asoko ni neko ga imasu -> There’s a cat over there.

So, could you drop the ‘wa’ in the above example too? As in:

Anata no heya ni nani ga arimasu ka? -> What’s in your room?

(I take it ‘ga’ here is part of the mandatory ‘ga…imasu’ construct, and not meant to stress ‘nani’, right?)

So, I just wonder what subject ‘wa’ precisely denotes in the second sentence (if it denotes a subject at all).

—

And, tsugi wa, concerning the -mo particle, could I form the following sentences like this?

3) Daremo neko wo asonde imasen -> No one is playing with the cat.
4) Watashi no sara ue ni wa nanimo ga arimasen -> There’s nothing on my plate.

—

And lastly, I like ’sore ni’ as ‘in addition.’ (lit. ‘in that one’; I guess like we use ‘IN further detail’). What does ‘SARA ni’ (= what’s more, …) mean literally then?

Thank you!

i used the myfeed to get Everything from the newbie lessons
i added into itunes, yet the lesson notes of lesson 22 were missing in the podcast

though i downloaded them manually
this is just to let you know.

Sander

gogen-allguide.com/